中考英语从句讲解及习题

1初中定语从句一.定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.二.关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.Thecars(whichareproducedinHubeiProvince)sellverywell..作宾语：SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape”..作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：What'sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard..作状语I'llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法who指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate?MrLee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.whose指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：I'vereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.四.关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题：.只能使用that,不用which的情况：(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如：Allthathesaidistrue.(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered..只能用which，不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.【中考范例】(2011年哈尔滨中考试题) Doestheteacherknoweverybodyplantedthetrees? Yes,hedoes.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who(2011年常州市中考试题)TheletterIreceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that(2011年扬州市中考试题) Whereisthescientistgaveusthetalkyesterday? HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which(2011年益阳市中考试题)Ihatepeopletalkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who【满分演练】一.单项填空WhoisthemanwastalkingtoourEnglishteacher? Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.whichIhatethepeopledon'thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.whereTheforeignervisitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whomGeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacherlovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.whichThisistheplaceIhaveevervisited.A.there B.when C.where D.whichNobodyknowsthereasonshedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.whenThemoonisaworldthereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whyHehasforgottenthedayhearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.whichHestillremembersthedayshespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhichMr.White,carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.whichHegottothevillagehisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.whereThisisthehouseIwanttobuy.A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.whereThisisthehouseourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereHedidn'ttellmetheplacehewasborn.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.whereHelivedinasmallvillage,wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when2初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that,which,who（宾格whom,所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如:Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）.who，whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingtc？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who,that,which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年居住的房子。PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这就是你要找的那个人。（3）that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远。（4）关系词只能用that的情况：a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，theone等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：ThisisthesamebikethatI10st.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：What‘sthatwhichisunderthedesk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：Tomcameback，whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：Thisisplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。（3）why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。练习题I.单项填空-Doyouknowthemanistalkingwithyourfather？-Yes，he‘sourheadmaster.A.heB. whoC.whichD.whomIsthistheriverIcanswim？A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theoneThisisthebesthotelinthecityIknow.A.where B.whichC.thatD.itCanyoulendmethedictionarytheotherday？A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtitAnyonewithwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagreeMywatchisnottheonlythingismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichwhoThemancoatisblackiswaitingatthegateA.who'sB.whoseC.thatofwhich.Thegirlisreadingunderthetreemysister.A.which；isB.whom；wasC.who；isD.who；wasIloveplacesthepeoplearereallyfriendly.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whoTheworldismadeupofmatter.A.inthatweliveB.onwhichweliveC.whereweliveinD.weliveinII、用适当的关系代词that,which,who,whom填空。Thefirstthingyoumustdoistohaveameal.April1stisthedayiscalledAprilFool'sDayinthewest.Thefamilyhadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.Thehouseweliveinisveryold.Didn'tyouseethemanItalkedwithjustnow?3宾语从句宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn'tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed..由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how弓|导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idon'tknowwhythetrainislate..由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.二.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn'teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.三.宾语从句的时态.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：Idon'tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon..如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.MissGreendidn'ttellusin2002.wheredoessheliveB.WhereshelivesC.wheredidshelive D.whereshelivedWouldyoupleasetellme?A.whendidhecomehomewherehewouldplayfootballifhehadseenthefilmwhyhedidn'twatchthegameIdon'tknowwhen.A.willthetrainleave B.thetrainwillleaveC.wouldthetrainleaveD.thetrainleave Wedon'tknow. ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.A.whatheis B.ifheliveshereC.wherehecomesfrom D.whichcountryishefrom一.单项填空Doyouknowduringthecomingsummerholiday?A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdidIwanttoknow.A.whatishisname B.what'shisnameC.thathisnameis D.whathisnameisDoyouknowIcouldpasstheexam?A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.whichJimdoesn'tunderstand.whichisthewaytothemuseumwhyhiswifealwaysgoesshoppingwhatisthewaytothemuseumwhydoesshealwaysgoshopping Couldyoutellmesheislookingfor?A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.whichMr.Kingdidn'tknowyesterdayevening.whendoeshissoncomehomewhenhissoncomeshomewhendidhissoncomehomewhenhissoncamehomeCouldyoutellmethebikethismorning?A.howdoeshemendB.howhemendsC.howhemendedD.howdidhemend I’mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknowitwillarrive? Usuallyitcomesby4:00.A.howB.whereC.whenD.whatExcuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme? Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.It'snexttoahospital.howwecangettothepostofficehowcanwegettothepostofficehowgettothepostofficehowcouldwegettothepostoffice--CanIhelpyou?--Yes.I'dlikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoutellmetaketogetthere?A.howsoonwillitB.howsoonitwillC.howlongitwillD.howlongwillit11.Hewantedtoknow.whetherhespeaksatthemeetingwhenthemeetingwouldstartwhathe'sgoingtodoatthemeetingwherewouldthemeetingbeheld CouldyoutellmetheBambooGarden? Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.A.whenwillyouvisitB.whenyouwillvisitC.whenwouldyouvisitD.whenyouwouldvisitWouldyoupleasetellmenext,MrWang?A.whatshouldwedo B.weshoulddowhatC.whatweshoulddo D.shouldwedowhatYoucan'timaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcitedIwanttoknowyouwillcomebackat8:00tomorrow.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.whetherCouldyoutellme? Sorry,Idon’tknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting.whatdoeshesayatthemeetingwhatdidhesayatthemeetingwhathesaysatthemeetingwhathesaidatthemeetingCouldyoutellmelastnight? Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome.A.whatyouweredoingB.whatwereyoudoingC.whatyouaredoingD.whatareyoudoingTheteacheraskedthestudents.iftheywereinterestedindinosaurswhenwasAlbertEinsteinbornwhattheywilldowiththecomputershowmanytreestheyhaveplantedEverymorningthepatientsareaskediftheirtemperaturetaken.A.theyhadhad B.havetheyhadC.theyhavehad D.hadtheyhadIt'suptoyoutodecideyou'llgothere,byairorbyroad.A.howB.whyC.thatD.when4状语从句【考点直击】.时间状语从句.条件状语从句.原因状语从句.结果状语从句.比较状语从句.目的状语从句.让步状语从句.地点状语从句【名师点睛】用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。.时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等连词来引导。例如：Itwasraininghardwhengottoschoolyesterday.Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如:I'llringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.Hewon’tbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”，”在……以前不……”，谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.Let'swaituntiltherainstops.Wewon'tstartuntilBobcomes.Don'tgetoffuntilthebusstops..条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if,unless引导。例如：Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?Don'tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I'llhelpyouwithyourEnglishifamfreetomorrow.Hewon'tbelateunlessheisill.“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurryup，oryou'llbelate.=Ifyoudon'thurryup,you'llbelate.Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam..原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because,since,as引导。例如：Hedidn'tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.Sinceyoucan'tanswerthequestion,I'llasksomeoneelse.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because°As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如： Whyaren'tgoingthere? BecauseIdon'twantto.Ashehasnocar,hecan'tgetthereeasily.Sincewehavenomoney,wecan'tbuyit.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。.结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由so…that,such…that,sothat引导。例如：Heissopoorthathecan'tbuyabikeforhisson.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldn'tseeit.(2)so…that语such...that可以互换。例如：在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是”...so+形容词(副词)+that+从句”。例如：Hewassogladthathecouldn'tsayaword.Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.（3）如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时，只能用so,不用such。例如：Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.Hehassolittletimethathecan’tgotothecinemawithyou..比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由as…as,比较级+than…等连词引导。例如：TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone..目的状语从句（1）目的状语从句通常由sothat,inorderthat引导。例如：Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.（2）sothat既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1）目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。2）从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.（目的状语从句）Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest. （结果状语从句）.让步状语从句（1）让步状语从句通常由although,though等连词引导。例如：Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.（2）although（though）不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说：Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.应该说：Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout..地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：Gowhereyoulike.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.【实例解析】（2011年北京市海淀区中考试题）Youwillstayhealthyyoudomoreexercise,suchasrunningindwalking.A.ifB.howC.beforeD.where（2011年江西省中考试题） Shallwegoonworking? Yes,Iprefertohavearest.A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.though（2011年徐州市中考试题）Noneofusknewwhathadhappenedtheytoldusaboutit.A.whenB.untilC.afterD.though（2011年泉州市中考试题） Ihopeyou'llenjoyyourtrip,dear! Thankyou,mum.I'llgiveyouacallIgetthere.A.untilB.assoonasC.sinceD.till【中考演练】一.单项填空he’sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.SoDoyouknowifhetoplayba