虚拟语气课件【高效备课精研】 高考英语一轮复习

虚拟语气语气概述在英语中，随着说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度不同，谓语动词就用不同的形式，即称为语气。英语的语气有三种：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示只存在于讲话人想象中的假设或推测，而不是客观现实中的真实事件。它表示怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设、想象或祝愿等，如：Iwishyouweremorecareful.IfIwerenotsobusy,Iwouldgoandhelphim.基本用法从句谓语形式主句谓语形式例句与现在事实相反过去式（be动词用were）would/should/could/might+动词原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldseizethechance.如果我是你，我就抓住这次机会。与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’thavefailed.如果你听了我的建议，你不会失败。与将来事实相反1.过去式2.wereto+动词原形3.should+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形If

he

should

not

come

tomorrow,

we

would

put

off

the

meeting.如果明天他不来，我们就推迟会议。与现在事实相反时1.I’mverybusynow.IfIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlygotothemovieswithyou.我很忙，如果我有时间，我就当然会与你一起去看电影。（事实上我没有时间，也不能与你一起看电影）2.IfIwereyou,Ishouldgoandseethedentistatonce.如果我是你，我就马上去看牙医。（事实上我不是你，也不会去看牙医）3.Iftherewerenogravity,weshouldnotbeabletowalk.如果没有引力，我们就不能走路。（事实上有引力，我们也能走路。）与过去事实相反1.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemether.如果你早来几分钟，就会见到她了。（事实上没有早来，也没有见到她）2.IfIhadn’ttakenyouradvice,Iwouldhavemadeabigmistake.与将来事实可能相反1.IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Iwouldgotoseemyfriendthere.2.IfIshoulddoit,Iwoulddoitanotherway.If在虚拟条件句中的省略在虚拟条件状语从句中，可以将if省略，将were/had/should提到主语前面，形成没有if的条件从句，其意义不变。例句：Ifyouhadinvitedus,weshouldhavecometoyourparty.Hadyouinvitedus,weshouldhavecometoyourparty.Hadyouinvitedus,wewouldhavecometoyourparty.如果你当时邀请了我们，我们就已经去了你的聚会了。（实际上没去）错综时间条件句在含虚拟条件状语从句的句子中，主句和从句谓语动词不同时，要根据各自动作发生的时间选用相应的虚拟语气形式，谓语动词要根据需要做相应的调整。例句：Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.

他若当时听医生的话，他现在就痊愈了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）HadItakenmyumbrellawithmewhenIcameoutthismorning,Ishouldnotbewetnow.

如果我早上出来时带了伞，现在就不会淋湿了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）含蓄虚拟条件句有时候虚拟语气不用条件从句，而是通过上下文或者用介词短语等表示出来，这种虚拟语气叫作含蓄虚拟条件句。标志词：without,with,butfor,otherwise,or,incaseof等例句：Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.如果不是你的帮助，我们不会提前完成工作。虚拟语气在其他句型中的用法A.在主语从句中的用法1.

Itis/was+形容词+that…适用于这一句型的常用形容词有：necessary,important,natural,strange,imperative,urgent,essential,probable,better,keen,possible,eager,anxious,unthinkable,astonishing等例句：Itisnecessarythatthequestion(should)besettledatonce.Itseemsincrediblethatheshouldhavefinishedtheworksosoon.Itwasquitenaturalthatheshouldthinkso.2.

Itis/was+名词＋that…

适用于这一句型的名词常有：apity,ashame,nowonder等例句：It’sagreatpitythathe(should)besohardonher.真遗憾，他会对她这样苛刻。It’sashamethatheshouldhavedonesuchathing.3.主句含“命令、建议、请求或要求”的意思适用于这一句型的动词“一”坚持（insist）“二”命令（order,command）“三”要求（request,

require,

demand）“四”建议（suggest,advise,propose,recommend）谓语动词形式用should+原形，should可以省略例句：1.Itwassuggestedthatthemeeting（should）beputofftillnextweek.2.Isuggestedthatthemeeting（should）beputofftillnextweek.3.Igavehimasuggestionthatthemeeting（should）beputofftillnextweek.4.Mysuggestionwasthatthemeeting（should）beputofftillnextweek.例外：suggest作为“暗示”的意思，insist作为“力言”的意思，后面的宾语从句谓语动词仍然用陈述语气形式！B.在宾语从句中的用法wish后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，来表示未实现或不大可能实现的愿望。wish的时态不影响其后宾语从句的时态，引导宾语从句的that可省去，其构成形式如下：条件从句谓语动词形式例句从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词同时发生过去式（be动词用were）HowIwishIwereabird.（=IfonlyIwereabird.）我多希望我是一只小鸟啊。从句谓语动词先于主句谓语动词发生had+过去分词HowIwishIhadseenthefilmyesterday!我多希望昨天看了那部电影啊！从句谓语动词后于主句谓语动词发生would/could+动词原形HelearnsEnglishveryhardasifhewouldgototheU.S.A.他学英语很努力好像要去美国似的。例句：Irequestedthatyou(should)noteatthemeat.Sheinsistedthattheseats(should)bebookedinadvance.Hesuggestedthatthedoctor(should)besentfor.这类动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，并不考虑是否与事实相符或相反，或愿望有无实现可能。而只是用（should)+动词原形这种形式。某些动词后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气这类动词常用的有：demand,suggest,order,insist,propose,request,command,desire,require,ask,move等。其谓语动词形式是（should+动词原形）wouldrather后的宾语从句中条件宾语从句谓语动词形式例句对现在或将来的虚拟过去式（be用were）I’drathertheydidn’thearofthenews.我宁愿他们不会听见这个消息。对过去的虚拟had+过去分词I’dratherIhadnottoldhimthebadnews.我宁愿没告诉过他那个坏消息。C.在状语从句中的用法1.以asif,asthough引起的状语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句相同，be用were或was例句：Theytalked/aretalkingasif/thoughtheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Hespoketomeasif/thoughIwere/wasdeaf.Sheactedasifshewouldcomeandhelpustomorrow.2.以inorderthat,sothat,that引起的目的状语从句可以用虚拟语气，其谓语动词多用may,might,can,could+动词原形，如果状语从句是否定句，可用should＋动词原形例句：Shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshemight/couldtakecareofhermother.Theteacherspokeslowlyinorderthatthestudentscould/mighthearhimclearly.Shetookataxitothestationsothatsheshouldnotmissthetrain.3.

以whatever,whoever,nomatterwhat/who之类代词或词组引起的让步状语从句中用虚拟语气，谓语动词多用may＋动词原形例句：Iwon’tletyouinwhoeveryoumaybe.Nomatterwhatyoumaysay,I’mdeterminedtodowhatIthinkisright.Youmustn’tbeproud,howevermuchyoumayhaveachieved.4.

以lest,forfearthat,incase（以免）引起的从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词多用should+动词原形构成例句：Hetookhisraincoatwithhimlestitshouldrain.Heputhiscoatoverthesoldierforfearthat/lestheshouldcatchcold.I’llkeepaseatforyouincaseyoushouldchangeyourmind.1.在表语从句中，主句的主语如果是suggestion,proposal,request,order,idea,advice,demand,necessity,plan,decision等，其后的表语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should＋动词原形例句：Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)plantmoretrees.Myideaisthatwe(should)gowithouthim.

2.Asif/though引导的表语从句中也可用虚拟语气例句：Shelooksasthoughsheweresick.Ifeel/feltasifwehadknowneachotherforyears.但asif/asthough后面的从句的情况如果是可能发生的或被认为是真实的，常用陈述语气，如：Hewalksasifheisdrunk(=heisprobablydrunk)Hewalksasifheweredrunk,(=hewalksasifheweredrunkbutheisnot)在表语从句中的用法E.虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法在suggestion,proposal,idea,order,plan,request,require等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用should+动词原形例句：WhatdoyouthinkofMr.Li’sproposalthatwe(should)putonaplayattheEnglishevening?Theyreceivedordersthatthework(should)bedoneatonce.1.

Itis(high,about)time…句型要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用should＋动词原形（should不可以省略)或动词过去式例句：Itistimewewere/shouldbeoff.Itishightimethatwewent/shouldgotobed.2.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法A.用may+动词原形表示祝愿，但愿等。May放在句首例句：Maygoodluckbeyours!祝你顺利。Mayyousucceed!祝你成功。Mayyoubehappy!祝你幸福。B.动词原形live用在longlive…中，表示强烈的愿望或祝愿例句：Longlivethepeople!人民万岁！Longlivethepeople’srepublicofchina!中华人民共和国万岁！虚拟语气的其他用法3.情态动词的过去式用于现在时间，表示说话人的谦虚，客气，有礼貌，或语气婉转，常用于日常用语例句：Wouldyouleaveanoteforher?Youmightaswellputthemeetingoffforanewdays.Couldyoutellmethewaytothestation.Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.Iwouldrathernottellyou.1.--Itisasecret.Mr.Wangwon’tletanybodyknowaboutit.

--Butit’simportanttomethatyou___mealltheinformation.a.shallgiveb.givec.gaved.willgive2.Johninsistedthathisteacher____notwrong.a.shouldbe

b.be

c.is

d.wascd3.

--Youdidn’ttellmethatyouwantedtogototheconcert.--Ifyou____me,Iwouldhavebookedaseatforyou.a.told

b.hadtold

c.havetold

d.shouldtell4.

Herworriedlooksuggeststhathermother___badlyill.a.be

b.shouldbe

c.is

d.was5.

Themanagerinsistedthatthey____anothershoefactory.a.shouldbuild

b.built

c.wouldbuild

d.bebuiltbca6.Whatapityitwasthatyoudidn’ttellmeabouttheaccident.Ifyouhadtoldme,I___you.a.wouldhelpb.helpedc.hadhelpedd.wouldhavehelped7.ProfessorWangsuggestedthatthepatient___atonce.a.beoperatedonb.mustoperateonc.shouldbeoperatedd.hadtooperate8.___youtoseeyourgirlfriend,whatwouldyousaytoher?

a.ifb.whenc.wered.wasdcc9.

It___hardnow,orelsewe___gooutandplayfootball.a.rains,shall

b.israining,couldc.rained,should

d.wouldrain,might10.

___Iunlockedthedoor,Iwouldhaveenteredtheoffice.a.if

b.have

c.when

d.had11.

--DidyouenjoytheplayonFridayevening?--Yes,butIwishI___ahighfever.a.hadn’t

b.hadn’thad

c.wouldhavenotd.have12.Ifit___tomorrowafternoon,IshallstayathomewatchingTV.a.snows

b.willsnow

c.hadsnowed

d.shouldsnowbdbd13.

Ifyouhadstud