【2019中考复习】中考介词考点梳理

中考介词考点梳理介词是一种用来表示词语词之间、词与句之间的关系的词，在句中不能单独做句子成分。介词分为简单介词和短语介词两种。简单介词即单个介词，如in，under，on，for，after等；短语介词指多个单词构成的介词，如infrontof，insteadof，farfrom等。介词短语与短语介词不同。介词短语指由“介词+名词/代词等”构成的短语，如atschool，bybus，onSunday等，在句中可以作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。有些单词，既可以作介词，也可以作连词（作连词时，其后接句子），如after，before等；而有些单词，既可以作介词，也可以作副词，如above，below等。介词是中考试卷中的“常客”，从时间上看，年年都要考；从地点上看，每个地区都要考。考查介词的主要题目有：单项填空、完形填空、短文填空及句子翻译等。一、对时间介词的考查介词用法例句/常用短语at①表示在某个时刻或是瞬间②用在节假日前表示“在……期间”③用于某些固定搭配Iusuallygetupathalfpastsix.BillgotalotofpresentsatChristmas.atnoon;atnight;atmidnighton表示在具体的某一天或具体到某一天的早晨、上下午或晚上等IlikevisitingfriendsonSundays.Theaccidenthappenedonarainyevening.in①用于月份、季节、年、年代、世纪等②泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上③“in+时间段”，表示“在……之后”常用于一般将来时态inJanuary;insummer;inthe1990sinthemorning/afternoon/eveningShesaysthathermotherwillbeback (两个小时后).during在……期间duringthesummerholidaysbefore在……之前Hewillbebackbeforesuppertime.after①“after+具体时刻”，表示“在……之后”②"after+时间段”不与将来时连用。afterthreeo,clock/lunch/AugustHewillarrive (after/in)anhour.since后接时间点或过去时的句子，表示“自从……以来”HehastaughtEnglishsince2001.Ihaven,tseenhimsinceheleftlasttime.for后接时间段，表示“持续段时间”Hehaslivedhereforeightyears.till/until①表示持续到某个时候②not…until...意为直到才Itmaylasttill/untilnextFriday.Wecan,tgetoffthebusuntilitstops.fromfrom...to…意为从 至UWegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.by①表示"在……之前”、“不迟于”②表示“到……为止”Youmustbeherebyteno'clocktomorrow.bytheendoflastyear/nextyear;bynow-1-中考介词考点梳理【中考例题】（2015连云港）IwasbornDecember17.ThisyearI,llholdabirthdaypartyforitathome.A.on B.at C.in D.by（2015四川凉山）一DoyouknowVictoryDayinChina?一Yes,it,sSeptember3rdeachyear.IttellstheworldthatChinesepeoplelovepeaceandhatewars.Chinesepeoplewillneverforgetthehistory.A.in;on B.on;/ C.at;/ D.on;in（2015山东临沂）FormanyWesternpeople,theydrinkcoldwaterevenwinter.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.on B.for C.at D.in（2015甘肃武威）一Thecharitywalkbegins9:00.Don,tbelate.一Noproblem.A.at B.by C.in D.on（2015安徽）TheDragonBoatFestivalthisyearwillcomefourdays.A.after B.for C.during D.in（2015荷泽知文填空）Afterwalkingaroundsometime,shecametoariver.（2015德州首字母填空）Hehasbeenawayfromhomestwodaysago.（2015温州句子填空）TheHighlandMuseumisopenedeverydayMonday.二、对地点、方位介词的考查X介词图示意义例句1in•在之内Thestudentsarereadingintheclassroom.学生们在教室里读书。2on ._在……上面Theboatisontheriver.那条船在河上。3beneath*在……下面（紧贴着表面）Thesunisnowbeneaththehorizon.太阳此刻落到地平线下了。4over*在……（正）上方Thereareseveralbridgesovertheriver.河上有好几座桥。5under在……（正）下方Theboatsailedunderthebridge.船在桥下行驶。6above1■在……上方Theplaneflewabovetheclouds.飞机在云上飞行。7below■在……下方Thesunsinksbelowthehorizon.太阳沉没在地平线下。8by/beside—■在……旁边Tomissittingby/besidethewindow.汤姆坐在窗户的旁边。9near在……附近Idon,tneedacarbecauseIlivenearthecitycentre.我不需要汽车，因为我住在靠近市中心。-2-中考介词考点梳理

介词图示意义例句10nexttoA紧挨……Mybestfriendsitsnexttomeinclass.上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。11behind■在……后面Olivehidbehindatree.奥列弗藏在一棵树后面。12outside■•在……外面Heparkedhiscaroutsidethetheater.他把汽车停在剧场外面。13to. *至U……去Wewalkedtothefruitshop.我们步行到水果店。14from一•从……来WetraveledtoLondonfromEdinburgh.我们从爱丁堡旅行到伦敦。15(a)round围绕……Weallsataroundthetable.我们都围绕着桌子坐。16between在……之间（指二者）TheletterBisbetweenAandC.字母B在A和C之间。17among在……之间（指三者或三者以上）Thehousestandsamongthetrees.房子在树丛中。18across A横过、越过（从表面跨过）Iftheroadisbusy,don,twalkacrossit.如果道路拥挤，就不要横穿马路。19through—穿过……（从内部穿过）Wedrovethroughthetunnel.我们开车穿过了隧道。20past/by—f从旁边经过/路过……Iwentpast/byabakeryonmywayhome.我在回家的路上经过了一家面包店。21onto至U……上Themenliftthebasketsontothetrucks.人们把篮子运上卡车。*122into一-—到……里Theyputtheapplesintothebaskets.他们把苹果放进篮子里。23outof从……出来Don,tlookoutofthewindowinclass.上课时不要朝窗外看。24along—沿着Walkalongthisstreet,thenturnleft,youcanseethepostoffice.沿着这条街走，然后向右拐，你就可以看到邮局。at,in,on表示地点的用法：①at表地点时，指空间位置上的某一点，后面常接小地方。如：atthebusstop；②in表地点时，指在某一立体空间范围内，后面接大地方。如：inshanghai；③on表地点时，指某物与另一物表面相接触，或与某地方接壤等。如：onthetable等。in,on,to表示方位的用法：①范围之内用in；②相邻、接壤用on；③不相邻或隔海相望用to。-3-中考介词考点梳理【中考例题】（2015江苏泰州）一IliketheweatherinKunming.It,swarmallyearlong.—Yes.Andthetemperaturestayszeroallthetime.A.at B. below C. around D. above（2015苏州）Incoldwinter,thetemperatureinHarbinoftenremainszeroallday.A.above B. below C. over D. under（2015益阳）Thebankisthebookstoreandthepostoffice.A.atthefrontof D.among C.between D.in（2015潍坊）Youmustbecarefulwhenyouswimthelake.A.across B.below C.over D.through（2015贵州铜仁）一Excuseme,whereisthebookstore?一Gothebridge.You,llseeitonyourleft.A.on B.cross C.across D.through（2015黑龙江绥化）HeilongjiangProvinceisthenortheastofChina.A.to B. in C. on D. at（2014天津）CambridgeisasmallcitytheeastofEngland.A.between B. with C. in D. under（2015南宁）Jimsitsbehindme,soIsithim.A.atthetopof B. atthe endof C.inthemiddle of D. infrontof三、对手段、方法介词的考查介词用法例句/常用短语by①by+交通工具：“乘坐交通工具”②bydoingsth.:"通过某种方式”Hegoestoschoolbybuseveryday.IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotheradio.in①in+语言类名词：“用某种语言”②in+工具：“用某种工具或材料”CanyousayitinEnglish?Don,twriteitinpencil.Writeitinink.with①with+工具：“用某种工具或材料”②withthehelpof...：在 的帮助下Ioftendomyhomeworkwithapen.Withthehelpofhim,Iwonthematch.on通过某个设备Helistenstomusicontheradio.【中考例题】（2015江苏镇江）MaYun,theChairpersonofAlibabaGroup,hasmademuchmoneytheInternet.A.through B. along C. across D. towards（2014上海）MoreandmorepeopleinShanghaichoosetogotoworkunderground.A.in B. with C. by D. for（2014成都）Gina,what,sthisEnglish?A.by B. for C. in D. with（2014莱芜）Wecansavemoneycookingourownmealsinsteadofeatingoutside.A.by B. to C. for D. with-4-中考介词考点梳理

四、对其他常用介词的考查介词用法例句/常用短语about①大约②“关于”，只表示“和……有关”Thereareabout60pupilsinmyclass.Iwanttotellyouastoryaboutanimals.on“关于”，多表示内容具有专门性，是严肃的和学术性的It'sabookonanimals.这是一本论及动物的书。（学术专著）like“像……一样”Hetalkedtomelikehisfather.as“作为；以……的身份”，后跟表示职业、职务的名词Asavolunteer,Imusttrymybesttohelpyouwithyourproblems.except“除……之外”，指从整体中除去一部分WeareallhereexceptLiMing.（李明不在这儿）besides“除……之外还有（包括在内）”WeareallherebesidesLiMing.（李明在这儿）with表示伴随，意为“和……一起”Iwenttoplanttreeswithmyfriends.without表示“没有”，常作状语Heleftwithoutsayingaword.for①表示目的，意为“为了”②表示原因、理由Hecamehereforacupoftea.Sanyaisfamousfor“TianyaHaijiao”.towards“朝……方向”Adogisrunningtowardsme.off“离开，脱离”Keepoffthegrass.勿踏草地。against靠着；反对Heissleepingsoundlyagainstatree.insteadof，，代替，，IwentswimminginsteadofwatchingTV.becauseof“因为……”，表示原因Ididn'tgooutbecauseofthebadweather.【中考例题】（2015福州）一Doyourememberwhatshelookedlikewhenyoufirstmether?—Ofcourse.Shewastallandthinlonghair.A.in B.with C.on D.for（2015龙岩）Jackhadtostopworkingthoughitwashisownwishes.A.on B.for C.against D.by（2015河南）Wildanimalsareourfriends.Weshouldn'tkillthemfoodorclothing.A.in B.with C.about D.for（2015连云港）ItisgreatustogetsomanyfavouritebooksonInternationalChildren'sBookDay.A.to B.with C.of D.for（2015凉山完形填空）Helookedatmeand,aword,smiled.A.in B.with C.without D.for（2014四川省内江市）AllofuswenttotheparkBob.Hehadtolookafterhissister.A.besides B.with C.except D.besides-5-中考介词考点梳理

五、对介词短语的考查搭配情况介词固定搭配与名词的搭酉己atatnight/noon;atonce;atfirst/last;athome/school/workafterafterschool/class;afterbreakfast/lunch/supper;afterallbybytheway;bythelake/river;bynow;bychance/accidentininclass;intime;intown;inthefuture;infact;inacar/taxionontime;onduty;onbusiness;onfoot;onatrain/ship/planeforforexample;forawhile;forsure;forfun;theidea/technologyfor…totheanswerto…/thewayto…/thekeyto…withhaveproblem/trouble/difficulty/funwith...//makefriendswith...与动词的搭酉己aboutworryabout;talkabout;thinkabout;learn/knowaboutatlookat;laughat;shoutat;pointat;knockat;arriveat;callatswh.forlookfor;askfor;waitfor;standfor;leavefor;sendforsb.fromhearfromsb.;learnfromsb.;comefrom;bemadefromondependon;geton;callonsb.;(puton;tryon;turnon)offgetoff;falloff;showoff;(takeoff;seesb.off)tobelongto;listento;getto;writeto;helponeselfto;sayhello/hito…withbeginwith;talk/chatwithsb.;agreewithsb.;geton/alongwithsb.与形容词的搭酉己aboutbesureabout;besorryaboutatbemadat;begood/badat;besurprisedat;betalentedatofbeafraid/scaredof;besure/proud/fond/jealous/fullofwithbebusy/strict/angry/popular/satisfied/covered/filledwithinbeinterestedin;bedifferentinsize;bestrictinsth.forbefamousfor;belatefor;bereadyfor;begood/badfortobepolite/rude/crueltosb.;begood/friendly/kind/badtosb.frombeawayfrom;bedifferentfrom;be...awayfrom-6-中考介词考点梳理【中考例题】(2015滨州)Mymothersaysmyfriendissimilarme,butIthinksheisdifferent me.A.as;from B.to;from C.to;to D.as;to(2015盐城)Thisphotoremindedtheoldmanthedayswhenhewasyoung.A.with B.for C.by D.of(2015武威)Theyhopeitcanprotectthemterribleair.A.in B.from C.for D.at(2015广州)Whenthekingsawthatsheasplayinghisoldharp,hewasfilledjoy.A.in B.of C.by D.with(2014山西)Thiskindofdressisthisyear,andIreallywanttogetoneA.indanger B.introuble C.instyle D.intime(2014四川)Mr.Yang,sdaughterisprettygooddrawingpicturesandwonmanyprizes.A.with B.for C.in D.at(2014天津)ShenXueandZhaoHongbowonthegoldmedalforChinasowe,reproud them.A.in B.on C.of D.for(2015广安完形填空)Ilearnmyteacherandmyclassmatesatthecorner.A.to B.at C.for D.from(2015烟台)Comparedsomeunhappypeople,thosewhoarealwayspleasedandrelaxedarelesslikelytosuffercolds.A.at B.with C.in D.of附：介词的省略省略情况示例表示时间的短语中介词的省略。(in)thismorning/afternoon/evening;(on)thenextday;(in)nextweek/month/year;(in)lastnight/week/year;(on)thedaybeforeyesterday;(in)theyearbeforelast;(on)tomorrowmorning;(on)every/some/one/allday…在肯定句中表示一段时间的for常可省略。Ihavebeenwaitingforyou(for)awholeafternoon.HehasstudiedEnglish(for)fiveyears.在“of+大小、形状、年龄”等结构中，of常省略。WhenIwas(of)yourage,Iknewmuchlessthanyou.Thedesksinourclassare(of)thesamecolour,material,shape,heightandlength.在here，there，home等副词前。come(to)here;go(to)there;go(to)home某些习语中的省略。bebusy(in)doingsth.忙于做某事(in)this/thatway以这种/那种方法stop/preventsb.(from)doingsth.阻止某人做某事spend….in)doingsth.在做某事上花费havetrouble(in)doingsth.在做某事中遇到麻烦helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事-7-中考介词考点梳理近年河北省中考介词真题（2015）Thisfoodisfree.Youdon'thavetoit.A.lookfor B.payfor C.askfor D.waitfor（2014）Yousee,Keviniswritinghislefthand.A.at B.as C.for D.with（2013）age7,Brucewonsecondprizeinthepianocompetition.A.In B.At C.On D.For（2012）Wecanbethankfuleveryday,notjustThanksgivingDay.A.in B.on C.to D.by（2011）Thisschoolisdifferentothers.Ithasmanyout-of-classactivities.A.off B.from C.of D.for（2015邯郸一模）JessicatookpartintheEnglishcompetitionthemorningofApriltenth.A.in B.on C.to D.b