高考短文改错增添问题培元中学-学习任务单

培元中学1①连词缺省：andbutso②冠词（thea/an）的缺省：*the特指双方熟悉，上文已提及，世上独无二，序数，某些专有名，一类或一家。*不定冠词a/an泛指单数或首清是否。*冠词的固定搭配。做形式宾语：A主语+believefindfeelthink/guess/suppose/makeit+adj.+不定式/动名词/从句Bhate/like/dislike/appreciate/dependon/relyon/count⑤小品词to⑥关于助动词和be动词的缺省：*关注将来时态的will缺省，*完成时态的中be的缺省。23一.命题原则：遵循5个原则1个陷井。以改动一词为原则：一般情况，每句至多有2处错误，每处只改动一词。即但放到整个语篇中考虑就会发现该句中就存在不合符逻辑的地方，所以此时一定要结合语篇进行全面分析。二．设错的特六个字:错词,多词,缺词.即错词更正,缺词添加,多词删除,只修改一三．考点分从词法上看,主要考查:时态,语态,非谓语动词及情态动词的用法,名词,代词的数和格;冠词的基本用法;形容词,副词的;主谓一致;连词和关系词的使用等.从句法上看,涉及到简单句,从行文逻辑上看,人物的及与之相对应的代词,句义的并列与转折,四.解题方法:整篇理解,分句解题.五.错误类型分析（一）.漏词：句中漏掉了系动词,冠词,物主代词,介词及不定式符号等漏不定冠词的常考抽象名词前通常不用冠词，但具体化了的抽象名词已成为可数名词，使用时前面常漏掉不定冠词。 Itispleasuretohelpotherswhentheyareinpleasure具体化了已成为可数名词,又如：Itisagreathonortodosth，successfailure物质名coffee,drink,tea,beer等表示“”时，已转化为Eg.Iwouldlikecoffeeandtwocoffee具体化了已成为可数名词,常用的含不定冠词的固定搭配和习惯用法Twiceaweek,adayortwo,onceinawhile,allofasudden,onceuponaasamatteroffact,inaloudvoice,inaword,catch/have/getacold,doagooddeed,gooutforawalk,haveagoodtime,makeaface,takeaseat,asaresult,haveafever,inahurry,agreatmany,afterawhile,haveaneffecton,payavisitto,havearest，makeadifferenceto,漏定冠词的常考表示天体方位乐器等名词前面以及序数词形容词前面漏掉定冠词@Theskyisblueandsunis@hisdaughterplayspianovery@whatnewsubjectwillwehaveinfirstgrade（析：上述句子缺少定冠词固定结构或习惯用法短语没有记牢导致漏掉定冠Eg.@hewasbornin1990’sandmovedtoAmericain常用的含定冠词的固定搭配和习惯用 +比较级…the+比较级 /day/week/month/year/kilo等计量名词，inthe1990’s,atthebeginningof,tolyouthetruth,withthehelpof,atthemoment,attheageof,bytheway,atthetime,taketheplaceof,inthedistance,intheend,theotherday,ontheotherhand,themorebeautifulofthetwins,thewholeweekend,ontheInternet,inthemorning/afternoon/evening,inthelast/pastfiveyears,therestof,onthecontrary漏掉不定式符号使役动词和感官动词在主动语态中被省略的宾语补足语的不定式符号变为语态时，往往漏掉不定式符号toEg.Hewasmadeworkdayandnightinthe（workto用不定式代替上文提到的动词或动词短语时应保留不定式符号to，但测试中往往漏掉不定式符to。Eg. Iaskedhimtoplayfootball,buthedidn’t（析：wantto TheteacherallowedLiMingtodotheexperiment,butIallowed(析：第二个allowed后加to在某个谓语动词之后又出现一个动词的原型，此时往往漏掉了不定式符号toEg@ Icameherebuythebookyoumentionedyesterday.(析：here后加to)在某些特殊动词之后必须接不定式作宾语时，往往漏掉了不定式符号Eg.@ Everyonewantsseethefilm.(析：wants后加to) Theboyexpectedbetakentothe（析： 后加to此类动词主要有want,hope,expect,intend,manage,plan,afford,ask,attempt,decide,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,wish,agree等要接不定式作宾特殊句式要牢记 ittakessbsometimetodosth havenochoicebuttodosth ...tooadj/advtodosth ...adj/adv+enoughtodosth itis+adjfor/ofsbtodoEg. Theenemyhadnochoicebutlaydowntheir（析： 后加to Ittookhimtenminutesgettoschool（析： 后加to Sheistooyoungtakecareof（析： 后加to Itwasverydifficultforachildworkoutthis（析：child后加to受定向思维干扰can/could之 Hisstep-motherdidallshecouldhelphim(析:could后加to,原句补充完整Hisstep-motherdidallshecoulddotohelphim)4．漏掉了系动词，助动词(do/does/did/have/has/had等)和情态动Eg.@ TheyeagertoknoweverythingaboutChina.(析：eager前加are)@Thisbridge18meterslong(析：bridge后加is@Iveryhappytomeetyou(析：I后加am@Hismotherdiedwhenhe19yearsold(析： 后加was@OnlythenIrealizethatIwas(Only+Idid@Onlyinthiswayweworkoutthe(析：Only+前加can@TheylivedinBeijingsince(析： 后加 5．漏介词：漏掉介词主要表现为介词的用法错误，因此我们要掌握介词的一些基本用法和含义，注意其固定搭配以及作定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，其后的介词不能漏掉等。 Noneofusknowswhotheoldmandepends.(析：depends后加on) Everychildistakengood(析：care 后加of) Theiceistoothintoskate.(析：skate后加on) Themusicisniceto(析： 后加to Wehavetofindahotostay.(析：stay后加in) Thisiswhatheisworrying(析： 后加about Theseproblemsoughttobepaidspecialattention.(析：attention 后加to) Everyminuteshouldbemadefull(析：useof Thispictureisworthlooking.(析：looking后加at) Hecameonfootinsteadofcar(析： 后加by Someofmyclassmateslookdownme.(析：down后加on) Hewaspraisedbecausewhathehaddoneforthedisabledboy(析： 后加of常见的易漏掉介词的短语：arrivein/at,stickto,insiston,belongto,stareat,glareat,objectto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,makeuseof,catchupleadto,resultin,resultfrom,lookdownupon,takepartin,lookafter,takecareof,walkoutof,lookoutof,breakawayfrom,watchoutfor,preparefor,dependon,listento,lookfor,accordingto,asfor,forthepurposeof,owingto,dueto,apartfrom,forfearof,inadditionto,insteadof,becauseof,asaresultof,incaseof,inspiteof,thanksto,takepridein,beproudof,playtrickson,showaninterestin,bedifferentfrom,arguewith,beworriedabout,beashamedof,thanksbfor ngsth,besorryfor ngsth,apologizetosbforngsth,forgivesbfor ngsth,respondto,referto,have…in