定语从句解析 语法填空过关训练-高三英语二轮复习

备考高考英语一轮复习-定语从句解析+语法填空过关训练定语从句解析一、定语从句的先行词定语从句的先行词可以是指人、物、时间、地点、原因等的名词或代词，也可以是整个主句。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.正在踢足球的那些男孩是一班的。（指人）Basketballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.篮球是一项大多数男孩子都喜欢的运动。（指物）IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstmether.我还记得第一次见她的那一天。（指时间）Mozart'sbirthplaceandthehousewherehecomposedTheMagicFlutearebothmuseumsnow.莫扎特的出生地和他创作歌剧《魔笛》的房子现在都是博物馆了。(指地点)Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.我不知道他今天看上去不高兴的原因。(指原因）Thenaughtyboyupstairsalwaysmakesmuchnoise,whichmakesmeveryannoyed.楼上那个调皮的男孩总是弄出很大动静，这让我很烦。（指整个主句）二、定语从句的关系词关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有指人的who，whom，that,whose；指物的that，which,whose。关系副词有指时间的when.指地点的where，指原因的why。另外as也可作关系代词引导定语从句。Mrs.Smith(whom)youmetyesterdayisafriendofmine.你昨天碰见的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。Therearesomefilms(that)I'dliketosee.有几部电影我想去看。Guilinisacitywhichhasahistoryof2,000years.桂林是一座具有2000年历史的城市。Nobodywantsthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌了的房子。October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。Isthistheroomwherewewerelivinglastwinter?这就是我们去年冬天住过的房间吗？Thereasonwhyhesaidthatisquiteclear.他那样说的理由是十分清楚的。Wejumpedforjoyatthenews.aswasnatural.我们听到这个消息时高兴地跳了起来，这是很自然的事情。关系代词的基本用法关系代词修饰的先行词所作成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语which物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语、表语TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.昨天来我们学校参观的那个外国人来自加拿大。Theyplantedsometreesthat/whichdidn'tneedmuchwater.他们种了一些不需要浇太多水的树木。四、关系代词who，that，whom和whose的用法当先行词指人：①在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that，关系代词不可省略；2在定语从句中作宾语时，用whom/who/that，关系代词可以省略；③在定语从句中作定语时，用whose，关系代词不可省略。Sheisthegirlwho/thatlivesnextdoor.她就是住在隔壁的那个女孩。（作主语)That'sthegirl(whom/who/that)Iteach.那就是我教的那个女孩。(作宾语)Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewellknown.这就是那位成绩卓著的科学家。(作定语)Thisisthehousewhosewindowbrokelastnight.—Thisisthehouse,thewindowofwhichbrokelastnight=Thisisthehouseofwhichthewindowbrokelastnight.这就是昨晚窗户被打破的那所房子。（作定语）五、which，that的用法区别1.只用which不用that的情况(1)which可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他没通过数学考试，这令他父亲很生气（2)在介词提前的定语从句中，只用which而不用that引导。ThisistheplaceinwhichLuXunusedtolive.这是鲁迅曾住过的地方。(3)先行词本身是that或两个定语从句中的一个已用that，口能用which引导定语从句What'sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?刚才在天空中闪烁的是什么？2.限制性定语从句中，必须用关系代词that的情况(1)当先行词是不定代词all，something，everything，anything.nothing,none等时。Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?你有什么想要为自己说的吗？Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.你应该上交你所有的东西。（2)当先行词被theonly，thevery等词修饰时。ThisistheverypersonthatI'mwaitingfor.这正是我在等的那个人。Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomeadvice,我们唯一能做的就是给你一些建议(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。Thisisthebestwaythathasbeenusedagainstpollution.这是用来防止污染的最好方式。ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI'veeverseen.这是我看过的最有趣的电影。(4)当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。ThistrainisthelastthatwillgotoSuzhou.这是要去苏州的最后一趟火车。WhatisthefirstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen?你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？（5）当先行词既有人又有物时。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?你知道他们在谈论什么事情和什么人吗？（6）有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which时。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.爱迪生创建了一家工厂，用于生产人们过去从未见过的东西。（7）当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?站在门口的那个人是谁？六、as，which的用法区别1.which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句后，as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句之前、之中和之后。Shesaidshehadfinishedherwork,whichIdoubtedverymuch.她说她已经完成了工作，我对此深感怀疑。Asanybodycansee,acomputercandoalmosteverythingpeoplecan.正如人们所看到的那样，计算机几乎能做到人所能做的一切事情。2.当非限制性定语从句为否定句或谓语带的是一个复合宾语结构时，常用which引导。HecriticizesMaryinpublic,whichshedoesn'tlikeatall.他公开批评玛丽，对此她一点儿都不愿意3.引导限制性定语从句时，as常用于such..as...，so...as...,thesame...as...，as...as...结构中。Suchpeopleashavemadegreatcontributionstotheworldshouldbegreatlyrespected.那些对世界作出重大贡献的人应受到极大的尊重。It'sthesamepersonaswewantedtofindyesterday.我们昨天想要找到的是同一个人。SuchgirlsasheknowsaregoodatEnglish.他所认识的女孩都擅长英语。Thereissowarnahouseasweallwanttolivein.这里有如此暖和的一个房子，因此我们都想住在里面。4.在句法上，as常用作一些实义动词，如see，know,hear,watch,remember,say,tell,show,expect,guess等的宾语，这类动词与as几乎成了一种固定搭配。Asweallexpected,theplanturnedouttobeverysuccessful.正如我们所期望的，该计划很成功。5.引导的从句主要起连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，意为“正如，正像”。which可导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，意为“这一点，这件事”。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisacountrywiththelargestpopulationintheworld.众所周知，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。Hesoldhisbicycle,whichsurprisedme他把自行车卖了，这使我感到惊奇。语法填空解-常见语法易错点1：oneof+the+adj最高级+n复数。2：todo不定式表目的3：表被动（by提示词），情态动词+V-ed4：（and,but,or并列句）：（一）：词性---形容词，副词，名词可数不可数，保持一致（二）：n词单复数（三）：时态保持一致---最常考过去时5：常考特殊句型，短语：（一）：Startdoing/starttodosthbegindoing/begintodosth（二）:Itis/was+a/adj+(forsb)+todosth（三）：Avoiddoingstopdoingenjoyoneself6:现在分词V-ing表主动，过去分词V-ed表被动7：序数词：one,two,three----first,second,third8:结构：the+n.+of9:Adv常考结构：结构1：_______+动词，或者动词+______.结构2：__________+形容词。结构3：_______,+一个完整的句子。副词作状语，修饰整个句子。10：whatever,whenever,wherever,however引导句子（句子不缺成分）11：Adj常考结构：Adj+n.12:人称代词：eg:she----考her,hers,herself13:V的否定形式：eg:appear—disagreelike----dislikeAdj的否定形式：eg:possible—impossiblebelievable---unbelievableCareful---carelessspeech---speechless14:常考时态：时间状语有：recently,already,sofar,yet,lately,inthepast…,by…，for+时间段.考点----用现在完成时have/hasdone结构（注意：看是不是主动或被动-havebeendone）15:常与比较级连用的词：even,much,far,thanTodo不定式表目的，往往表示比较级【考点总结-1】（一）：单词词性：1.必考点---连词，冠词，名词，动词2.常考点---副词，形容词，代词，介词，数词（二）：句型：必考定语从句，常考状语从句和名词性从句（三）：语篇的逻辑关系：1：短文上下文的时态是否一致。2：短文上下文代词是否一致。3：短文上下文的逻辑是否一致。4；短文上下文的单词词性，短语搭配，从句的逻辑关系是否正确。【考点总结2-各个击破】动词：动词时态，语态，三单，非谓语，主动被动，特殊句中的特殊用法常考：查看时态是否一致。（二）：形容词与副词的误用。（三）：名词的单复数误用。（四）：代词的误用。（五）：介词的误用、缺少或多余。（六）：时态的错误。（七）：连词的误用。（八）：一些固定结构的误用。（九）：定语从句中关系词的误用（十）：些常用词的误用。（十一）：查连词结构是否平行一致。考点单词过关-复习巩固1:conversation.n.交谈，谈话→converse.v.交谈2:pronunciation.n.发音，读音→pronunce.v.发音3:patient.adj.有耐心的→patience.n.耐心→patiently.adv.耐心地→patient.n.病人4:expression.n.表情，表达，表达方式→express.v.表达5:discover.v.发现，发觉→discovery.n.发现6:note.n.笔记，记录→note.v.注意，指出7:physics.n.物理，物理学→physical.adj.身体的，身体上的，体能的→physically.adv.体能地，身体上地8:chemistry.n.化学→chemical.adj.化学的9:memorize.v.记住，记忆→memory.n.记忆10:increase.v.增加，增长→increasing.adj.增加的，增长的→increasingly.adv.增长地，增加地11:speed.n.速度→speedy.adj.迅速的，速度的12:born.adj.天生的→birth.n.出生，诞生13:activity.n活动→active.adj积极的，活动的→actively.adv积极地14:creative.adj有创造性的→create.v创造→creator.n创造者,造物主→creation.n.创造，创新15:able.adj可以的，能够的→ability.n能力→enable.v使能够→disabled.adj残疾的16:connect.v.（使）连接，与…….有联系→connection.n.联系，连接17:review.v.回顾，复习→review.n.复习，回顾18:wise.adj.明智的，聪明的→wisely.adv.明智地，聪明地19:knowledge.n.知识，学问→knowledgeable.adj.博学的，知识渊博的20:stranger.n.陌生人→strange.adj.陌生的，不熟悉的过关训练1-单句语法填空第一组It’snopleasure________(stay)athomedoinghomeworkallday.Everyday,Isetmyfeelings_______ontheblog,whichismyhobby.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhen______(attack).Therewasonceatime________womenhadnorighttovote.________（ignore）thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.________________(suffer)suchaheavyloss,thebossdidn’thavethecouragetogoonwithhisbusiness.ItwasthefirsttimethatI________________(leave)myparents.(concern)aboutthestudent,theteachercalledhisparentstofindoutwhyhewassooftenabsentfromclass.We’vehadafew(disagree),butwe’restillgoodfriends.Becauseoftheseriousaccident,ittookhimmorethantwoyearstorecoverhisinjury.答案：1.stayingItisnopleasuredoing...做某事不快乐2.down固定词组setdown写下，记下=write/take/putdown3.attacked分词状语，当分词的动作不是句子主语发出的用过去分词，如果是主语发出的用现在分词；plants与attack之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。4.when固定句型：Therewasatimewhen...曾有一段时间......5.Ignoring动名词做主语6.Havingsuffered分词做状语，suffer的动作是主语发出的，且分词动作在谓语之前发生，所以用分词的完成式havingdone的形式。7.hadleft固定句型：Itwasthe+序数词+timethat+句子（谓语用过去完成时haddone），如果句型中的was改成is，从句用现在完成时。8.Concerned固定词组beconcernedabout对......担心，当作状语时用过去分词concerned，相当于原因状语从句becausehewasconcernedabout....省略了becausehewas(此处涉及到状语从句的省略：当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时可用将从句的主语和一部分谓语即be省略掉）9.disagreementsafew后接名词复数10.from固定词组recoverfrom.....从.......恢复过来第二组单句语法填空1.Aswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igotseparatedmyfriends.2.Theboywouldn’tleaveeventhough(ask)totwice.3.Thenumberofpeople,whowalkthedogoutdoors,______(drop)by17percentinthepastyears.4.Ittookhimalongtimebeforeherealizedthathe(base)allhisstatementsonafalsestory.5.Theprofessorcametoourschooltogivelectures________request.6.Thefilmstardislikes(recognize)inpublic,sohehasgottowearsunglasses.7.Iadviseyoutodowhatyouliketokeepcalm,suchlisteningtomusic,doingsportsandsoon.8.Itwasthekingwhocommandedthey(serve)theprincessheartandsoul.9.Friendsplayanimportantpartourlives,althoughwemaytakefriendshipforgranted.10.Theypackeduptheirsuitcasesinthewaytheircoachtoldthem.from固定词组getseparatedfrom与......分开asked男孩被要求，所以用过去分词hasdropped时间状语inthepastyears与现在完成时连用hadbased在宾语从句中，当主句是一般过去时，从句动作发生在主句之前，用过去完成时by固定短语应......请求beingrecognized空前的dislike后接doing，且被动as固定词组suchas例如8.（should）serve动词command后接从句，从句的谓语用shoulddo,should可省9.in词组playapart/rolein在......扮演角色，起作用10.that定语从句当先行词是theway关系词用that/inwhich/不填过关训练2第一篇

SaiWenglivedontheborderandheraisedhorsesforaliving.Oneday,helostoneofhishorses.After①_____(hear)ofthemisfortune,hisneighborfeltsorryforhimandcametocomforthim.ButSaiWengsimplyasked,"Howcouldweknowitisnotagoodthingforme?"Afterawhile,the②_____(lose)horsereturnedwithanotherbeautifulhorse.TheneighborcameoveragainandcongratulatedSaiWeng

③_____hisgoodfortune.ButSaiWengsimplyasked,"Howcouldweknowitisnotabadthingforme?"Oneday,hissonwentoutfor

④_____ridewiththenewhorse.Hewas⑤_____(violent)thrownfromthehorseandbrokehisleg.Theneighborsonceagainexpressed⑥_____(they)sympathy,hutSaiWengsimplysaid,"Howcouldweknowitisnotagoodthingforme?"Oneyearlater,theEmperor'sarmyarrivedatthevillagetodraftallable-bodiedmentofightinthewar.Becauseofhis⑦_____(injure),SaiWeng'ssoncouldnotgoofftowar,and⑧_____(spare)fromcertaindeath.Theproverbcanbereadtohavemultiplemeanings

⑨_____itcomestotheconceptofluckandfortune.Theendofthestoryseems⑩_____(suggest)thateverymisfortuneconieswithasilverlining.Butwithinthestoryisalsothesensethatwhatatfirstappearstobegoodluckcancomewithmisfortune.答案：hearing;lost;on;a;violently;their;injury;wasspared;when;tosuggest第二篇Haveyouheardofthe"metaverse"lately?Ithasbeenhardnotto.Facebook'sChiefExecutiveMarkZuckerbergmentionedthelatestbuzzword(热词)manytimesonameeting①_____(hold)in2021.ThefutureofFacebook,hesaid,isametaverse—avirtualenvironment

②_____youcanbephysicallypresent(身临其境)tohangout,playgames,workandcreate.

Buthedidn'tcointheterm.NealStephenson's1992sciencefictionisregardedastheoriginal③_____(inspire)fortheconcept.Techgiantswanttoplayarole—preferablya④_____(lead)one.CompaniesrangingfromIntelCorp.⑤_____UnitySoftwareInc.maderelevantplansin2020.AppleInc.⑥_____(report)tobeworkingonAR(增强现实技术)devicesofitsowncurrently.

ButaworldcreatedthroughVRhasplentyofdrawbacks.Thereisstillongoingdebateasto

⑦_____prolongeduseofVRissafe.Somesuggestparentsavoid⑧_____(expose)childrentoVRastheireyesarestilldeveloping.Plus,thatitstargetusersinteractlittlewithpeopleinreallife⑨_____(cause)concerninthepastfewyears.

Bigtechcompaniescan⑩_____(eventual)buildthemelaverse.Butconsumerswillhavetolookbeforetheyleap.答案：held;where;inspiration;leading;to;isreported;whether;exposing;hascaused;eventually第三篇Ifyoualwayshatecertainvegetables,youmaybemorethanapickyeater.Instead,youmightbea"super-taster",aperson①__________"bittergenes"(苦味基因).Thosepeoplewhohavethe"bittergenes"are2.6timesmorelikelytoeat②__________(few)vegetablesthanothers,accordingtoanewstudy③__________(present)attheannualmeetingoftheAmericanHeartAssociation."Wedon'tgetthetasteoffoodequally,"saidProfessorDuffy,anexpertinthestudyoffoodtaste."Itcouldexplainsomeofthedifferencesinourfood④__________(prefer)."Abouthalfofuscantastebitterandsweet,sowearenotespeciallysensitivetobitterfood.Another25%arecalled"non-tasters",to⑤__________bitterfoodmightactuallybeabitsweeter.Therestofusare⑥__________(extreme)sensitivetothebitternessthatsome⑦__________(plant)developtokeepanimalsfromeatingthem.Foodscientistsaretryingtodevelopways⑧__________(reduce)thebitternessinveggies,inthehopethatwecankeep"super-tasters"fromrejectingvegetables.Infact,somevegetableswegrowtoday⑨__________(be)muchsweeterthanbefore.Wemightalsotrytousevariouscookingmethods,eitherbyaddingsomefat,sweetness,strongflavorslikegarlic⑩__________roastingthem,toimprovethetasteofthevegetables.答案：with;fewer;presented;preference;whom;extremely;plants;toreduce;are;or第四篇Amanhadalittledaughter—anonlyandmuch-lovedchild.Helivedforher.Sowhenshebecameill,hebecameacrazyman.He①__________(try)everythingtobringherhealthback.②__________,hiseffortsdidn'tworkandthechilddied.

Thefatherwasheartbrokenanddepressed,③__________(shut)himselfawayfromhisfriendsandrefusingtodoanyactivity

④__________mightbringhimbacktohisnormalself.Onenighthehadadream.Inthedreamhesawagroupoflittlechildren.Theywerewalking

⑤__________aline.Allthechildrenwerewearingwhiteclothesandeachchildcarried

⑥__________candle.Henoticedthatonechild’scandlewasnotlighted.Thenhesawthatthechildwashislittlegirl.Soherushedto⑦__________(she)rightaway,