2011届高考英语一轮复习讲解介词及短语

2011届高考英语一轮复解：介词及介词短【知识要点复合介词，由两个介词组成，如asfor，asto，outoffromunder，frombehind，untilafter，exceptin等。短语介词，由短语构成，如 to，becauseof，inspiteof，onbehalfof，withreference分词介词，由现在分词构成，如regarding，concerning，including表地点（包括，如about，upon，with，within，without等。[来源:]behind，beneath，between，on，to，under等。表时间，如about，after，around，as，at，before，behind，between，by，during，for，from，in，into，of，o，ovr，ast，sine，trough，troughut，till（until，to，towrds，within等。表比较，如as，like，above，over表，如against，with等on，without，consideringdespite，inspiteof表关于，如about，concerning，regarding，withregardto，asfor，astoon，accordingto，without（（一）介词的句1、作定语：Thebookonthetableis；They；They3、作表语：Mydictionaryisinthebag.4、作宾语补足语：Ifoundhiminthe（二）attheendof,atthattime,atthebeginningof,attheageof,atChristmas,atNewYear等。in表示一段的时间，如：inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheeveninginOctoberin1998,insummerinthepastinthefuture等。on总是跟日子有关，onMondayonChristmasmorningonthefollowing,onMayDayonawarmmorningmorningexercisesfromtoday./Wehavenotseeneachothersince1995.3inafter：两者都表示“在（某个时间）in表示“在（一段时间）in来时态连用。如：We’llbebackinthreedays./Afterseventherainbegantofall./Whatshallwedoafter4inonto：in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，toChangchunisinthenortheastofChina./MongoliaisonthenorthofChina./Japanistotheeastof5、表示“在……上onin：on只表示在某物的表面上而用in表示占去某物一部ThereisabookonthepieceofpaperThereisaninterestingarticleinthenewspaper./Hedugaholeinthewall.端至另一端在表面上的通过，与onWaterflowsthroughthepipeTheoldmanwalkedacrosstheonat的是拐角外附近的外面。如：ThelampstandsinthecorneroftheroomImetwithhimatthestreetcornerHesatonthecornerofthetable.8、intheend,attheendof,bytheendof：intheendof；attheendofreachedaplaceofsafety./Attheendoftheroadstandsabeautifulgarden./TheydecidedtohaveanEnglisheveningattheendofthisweek./bytheendoflastmonthhehadfinishedthenovel.的“论述。如：Hecame lmeaboutsomethingimportant./Hewroteabookon,Youaretositbetweenyourfatherandme./Heisalwayshappyamonghis注意：between。如：Agreementsweremadebetweenthedifferentcountries.在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居betweenThelittlevalleyliesbetweenhighmountains.between。如：Theydon’tknowthedifferencebetweenwheat,oatsandbarley.exceptAllwentoutexceptme.；but与except意思近似，表示no,all,nobody,anywhere,everything等和其他疑问词后面。如：Ineversawhimreadinganythingbutthenewspaper.；exceptforHisdiaryisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.。12、表示“用”的in和with：表示工具的“用用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、in。如：Heiswritingaletterwithapen./HewrotetheletterinpencilWemeasureditinpounds./Readthetextinaloudvoice./lmethestoryinEnglish.13、inchargeofinthechargeof：inchargeofinthechargeofWhoisinchargeoftheprojectTheprojectisinthechargeofanengineer.。14、as,like：as作“作为“以……地位或”解。如：Letmespeaktoyouasafather.（事实是父亲；like作“象……一样”解。如：Letmespeaktoyoulikeafather.（事实上不是父亲。frontof则是“在……前部”的意思（在某物内。如：ThereisadeskinfrontoftheblackboardTheboysatinthefrontofthecar.。16、in,into：into表示，不表示目的地或位置。如：Wewalkedintothepark.；in通常表示位置。putthecoinin(into)mypocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。[来源:Z*xx* 2动词+介词：laughat,wait形容词、过去分词+介词：begoodatbeproudofc：payavisitto,thekeyto3or,either...or,YoucangotoBeijingeithertodayorYoumustgetupearlyoryouwon’tcatchtheearly4but,however,while,HisbrotherisfondoffootballwhilehelikesYoucanwatchTV,butyoumustfinishyour5andboth...and,neither...nor,notonly...butalso,aswellasTostudyEnglishwell,weneedbothdiligenceandThathorseisnotonlytheyoungestamongthefive,butalsorunstheItmusthaverained,forthegroundis【考点诠释考点 常见介词的活over可表位置，意为“在……上方，越过；遮住，盖住”，也可表时间，意为“在……期间，(多年)①Y0ucan’twearabluejacketoverthatshirt—it’IIlookterrible．你不能在那件衬衣外面再穿上蓝色的夹②Wehadapleasantchatoveracupoftea③Wehearditovertheradio系)；通过……方式”等，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有：byandby不久，迟 byandlarge大体byoneself单 bytheway顺便说byfar……得多，最 bychance碰byaccident偶然 bymeansof借bynomeans绝不，一点也 bymistake错误①Thewaterintheriverrosebytwometers．河水上涨了两米。[来 ②HeisanEnglishmanbybirth①Heturnedredwithanger．他气得脸变红了。[来源 ②Theproblemwithlookingintospacefromtheearthisthatthereisalotofdustintheearth’sair．从地球上beyond这个词平时接触的机会不是太多，但它却是一个考查热点。beyond表示“(时间)过了 ①Theyarrivedbeyondnineo’clock9：00②Thebookisbeyondme③Tomisfarbeyondhiselderbrotherinmaths．的数学比他哥哥的好多了。典例：(2010高考英语卷,5)Tired,Jimwasfastasleepwithhisback

abigA. B. C. D.考点2介词的固定搭配名词词组：onthecontrary相反；inturn依次；inone’sopinion根据的看法；offtime准时；outofreach够不着动词词组：remindsbofsth提醒某事；robsbofsth的……；restdtfrom由……引起callat(某地形容词词组：becuriousabout对……好奇；beproudof因……而自豪；bepopularwith受到……的介词短语：apartfrom除……Pb；inadditionto除……之外(还)；becauseof因为；insteadof代替；infearof为……提心吊胆；forfearof以免；incaseof防备；thanksto由于；inthemiddleof在……中间；accordingto根据；infrontof在……前面；inreturnfor作为对……的回报；inchargeof负责；asaresultof作为……的结果；inexchangefor与……典例：(2010高考英语江西卷,34)Nowadayssomehospitalsrefertopatients

name,notcaseA B C D【答案】【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：如今有些医院是以来查阅患者的，而不是凭病例编号(去查询的)byname按考点3介词用法归纳与辨如：inthe1990s,inJanuary,in(the)winterinduring表一段时间内两词可互用。如：inthenight,duringthenight,inthewar,duringthewar。但略有区别：当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during，接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。如：duringthediscussion/indiscussingtheproblemduringherstayinHubei/inplayingbasketball/duringthecourseof/indiggingthethatday，nextSundaysomeday，oneday4.till、until、to的用法。Hewaitedformetilltwelveo’clock.Hedidn’tgetuptilluntil10a.m.(till而用untilNotuntil9a.m.didMr.Smithcomebacktoto表“终结”from连用，但要注意不与fromfromJulytoSeptember,fromsixtotilleight(从……到……为止)frommorningtillnight(从早到晚)，to。 bytheyear/hour/day按年/小时/tothepound按磅算，totheton表泛指的方式、:bypost,byephone(radio),但onthephone/ontheradio/onTV(电讯器材)，byelectricity，byhardwork,learnsth.byheart,throughthesalite,throughpractice,throughhisownefforts,throughexperience,throughtheescope交通工具类。另外：bymeansof用……方法，bywayof经由，取道于，用……方法;withthehelp(permission)ofsb./withsb.’shelp(permission)“在……帮助下”。表方式、的其他用法Hebeatthedogwithawhip.(with+工具、机器Onesmellswithhisnose.(with+，但byhand“手工，用手”)Hestoodupwithpride.(with+情绪、情感、态度的名词)inhigh(good,low)spirits,inanger,injoy,incomfort,insorrow,insafety,indanger,inneed,indebt,inlove,infun,inpain,intears,insurprise,ingood(poor)health,ingoodorder,inflower,inaway,inalowvoice,insilence,in(with)satisfaction,inahurry,in(with)words,live/feedonfood,kneelonone’sknee,take(catch)sb.bysurprise(出其不意)[来源:学#科#Z#X#X#K]besides除……以外，(还有)”。作副词时意思是“而且，更何况”。如：Itwastoolatetoseeafilm,andbesides,Iwastired.WeallwentexceptJohn.Hehasnootherhatsexcept/besidesthisexceptfor“除了……(对句子进行细节校正或附加说明)”后接名词、代词或what从句，此时HewasverycleverexceptforHehasnotchangedexceptthatheiswearingdarkbutexcept在表示“除了……以外”时可以通用，但应注意以下三点：前面有不定人词、疑问代词but。Allbutonearehere.NobodybutIlikesmakingmodelships.后接不定式短语为排buttodosth.只得做某事，cannotbutdosth.不得不,cannothelpbutdosth.不得不……，butfor...如不是……for以all开头的名词短语，forIstayedwithheralltheIhaven’tseenyouforthirtyForthewholemorning,theoldmankeptin的名词有：interest,satisfaction,expertHeisexpertinteachingsmall【高

2010高考英语1.(2010高考英语秋季卷,30)Inancienttimes,peoplerarelytravelledlongdistancesandmostfarmers thelocalmarket.A.longer B.more C.asmuch D.asfar【答案】asfaras远到2.(2010高考英语秋季卷,25)Seanhasformedthehabitof

thetree-linedavenueforhourseveryA. B. C. D.英语重庆卷,22)ThedictionaryiswhatIwant,butIdon’thaveenoughmoney A.byB. C. D.【解析】考查介词。Idon’thaveenoughmoneywithme4.(2010高考英语卷,29)Wouldyoumindnotpickingtheflowersinthegarden?Theyare everyone'sA. B. C. D.【答案】【解析】介词。句意为：“不要摘花园里的花好吗？它们是供大家欣赏的。”此处表示目的，“为了”的意思，故用介词for。5.(2010高考英语浙江卷,7)Iguesswe’vealreadytalkedaboutthisbeforebutI’llaskyouagainjust A．bynature B．inreturn C．incase D．bychance【答案】【解析】本题考查介词短语。分析四个选项的意思：bynature天生地；inreturn作为回报，作为交换；incase万一，以防；bychance偶然地。根据句意：我之前已经跟你谈论过这件事，但是以防万一，6.(2010高考英语卷,13)Myfatherwarnedme goingtotheWestCoastbecauseitwascrowdedwithtourists.A. B. C. D.语卷,5)Tired,Jimwasfastasleepwithhisback

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7.(2010A. B. C. D.【答案】；8.(2010高考英语春季卷,25)Wereplanningtosendoutathousandinvitations 【答案】【解析考查介词语意我们打算送1000张邀请函给世博会sendsthtosb意为送某物给，D项。9.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,31)Iagreetohissuggestion the C. D.【答案】10.(2010高考英语江西卷,34)Nowadayssomehospitalsrefertopatients

name,notcaseA B C D【答案】【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：如今有些医院是以来查阅患者的，而不是凭病例编号(去查询的) name按11.(2010高考英语江西卷,29)Wegivedogstime,spaceandlovewecanspare,and ,dogsgiveustheirAin Bin Cin Dinreturn[来源 英语卷,30)Itisillegalforapublicofficialtoaskpeopleforgiftsormoney

12.(2010高考favorstoA.inpreference B.inplaceC.inagreement D.inexchange【答案】13.(2010高考英语福建卷,27)Moreandmorehigh-risebuildingshavebeenbuiltinbigcities

A.insearch B.inplace C.forlack D.forfearo【答案】找……”；B项意为“代替，替代”；C项意为“缺乏，短缺”；D项意为“担心，害怕”。据句意可知，C2009高考英语1.（09福建）23.Howamazingitisthatastronautsareexploringouter-It’sachallenge,ImanagainstA. B.【答案】C.D.【解析】Iguesschallenge连用，表所属，用of，A