2022年高考英语一轮复习Unit22EnvironmentalProtection单元主题语篇训练一北师大版选修8

Unit22单元主题语篇训练AMeetthelongest-livingvertebrate（脊椎动物）intheworld,theGreenlandshark.FoundprimarilyintheverycoldwatersoftheNorthAtlantic,theseslow-swimmingsharkscanbeasbigasthelargestgreatwhites,reachingupto21feetinlength.They'reamongthelargestofcarnivorous（食肉的）fish,andyetgrowperhapsonlyacentimeterorsoayear.Suchslowgrowthyetbigsizeisusuallyanindicatorofalong-livedanimal.“Weonlyexpectedthatthesharksmightbeveryold,“JuliusNielsen,attheUniversityofCopenhageninDenmark,toldNPR."Butwedidnotknowinadvance.Anditwas,ofcourse,averybigsurprisetolearnthatitwasactuallytheoldestvertebrateanimal.”Imaginebeing150yearsoldbeforeyou'rereadytohaveyourfirstchild!ImaginebeingbornbeforetheUnitedStateswasevenareality.Forhumans一whorarelymakeittoacenturymark—it，sdifficulttofullyunderstand.LittleisknownaboutGreenlandsharks,evenbasicssuchaswheretheygivebirthorhowmanyofthemthereare,thoughresearchersataconferenceattheUniversityofExeterthoughtthattheymaymatein“hidden”Arcticfjords.Noonehasevenwitnessedonehunting,thoughtheyhavebeenfoundtohavevariousvertebrateonesintheirstomachssuchaspolarbear,seals,fast-swimmingfishandevenmooseetc.Giventheshark，sincrediblylonglifespans,scientistsaredivingintotheseacreature'sgenome,lookingforclues.Thatconferencealsohighlightedtheworkbeingdonetoseparatetheshark，slongevitygene,withcompleteDNAinformationgatheredfromalmost100sharks,includingsomeborninthe1750s.Findingsuchagenecouldgoalongwayinexplainingwhysomevertebrates,likehumans,havesuchlimitedlifespans.Thesesharksalsoserveasswimminghistorybooks.Theirtissue,bonesandDNAcouldtellusagreatdealaboutthewatersoftheworldfromatimebeforetheIndustrialRevolution,large-scalecommercialfishingandthepronouncedoceanpollutionweseetoday.Checkoutwhatit'sliketoswimwithoneinthisencounterwithwhatisasmallandyoung一andyettous,stillfairlyold一Greenlandshark.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家们发现格陵兰鲨鱼是世界上最长寿的脊椎动物。WhatcanweknowaboutGreenlandsharksfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?Longest-living,andslow-swimmingcarnivorousvertebrate.Longest-1iving,andslowest-swimmingvertebrate.Largest,butfast-growingcarnivorousvertebrate.Longest-living,largestcarnivorousvertebratebutfast-growing.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段可知，格陵兰鲨鱼是世界上最长寿的脊椎动物。根据第二段第一、二句可知，这种鲨鱼游泳缓慢并且食肉。WhywerescientistssurprisedaftertheyexaminedGreenlandshark?Greenlandsharkcanliveasoldashumans.Greenlandsharkisthelargestanimalintheworld.Greenlandsharkcanlivemorethanonehundredyears.Greenlandsharkisreallytheoldestvertebrateintheworld.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“averybigsurprisetolearnthatitwasactuallytheoldestvertebrateanimal可知,科学家们因为发现格陵兰鲨鱼是世界上最古老的脊椎动物而感到惊讶。WhatkindofanimalsdoGreenlandsharksprefer?Bothpolarbearandseal.Onlyfast-swimmingfish.Variousvertebrateanimals.Polarbear,mooseandfish.解析•：选c细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，格陵兰鲨鱼喜欢吃各种各样的脊椎动物。Whatinformationcanwegetfromthepassage?ScientistsdeclarethattheyhaveknownallaboutGreenlandsharks.Scientistswanttogetmoreinformationaboutlongevityfromtheirstudyonsharks.Scientistsconsidersharkscanonlyserveasswimminghistorybooks.ScientistsjustwanttoknowwhyGreenlandsharkshavealonglife.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第六段可推知，科学家们希望从他们对鲨鱼的研究中获得更多关于长寿的信息。BAtsunseteveryday,loudsoundscanbeheardcomingfromtheskyinacommunityinEastLosAngeles(EastL.A.).Thenoisesarefromparrots.Thecolorfulbirdshavebecomepartofeverydaylifethere.“Theparrotsleavetheirwasteeverywhere,”saidHavolynnRoseOwaleon.Butsheandmanyothercommunitymembershavegottenusedtothebirds.Owaleonsaid,“Theyarenotquietatall,butyouknow,it'ssomethingthatyoulistenfor,becauseifIdon，thearthemonadailybasis,thenIknowsomethingisreallywrong.”Red-crownedparrotsarenowpartoftheecosysteminSouthernCalifornia.TheirancestorscamefromTamaulipas,Mexico,wheretheparrotsarenowendangered.Thebirdswereoftenkilledintheirnativeland.ButintheUnitedStates,theyweresoldtopeopleaspets.Someoftheparrotsescapedorwerereleasedbytheirowners.Theyhavesincereproducedandgrowninnumberinanareawithlargenumbersofpeople."Theyaregoodatmakingahabitatforthemselvesinmajorcities,andthisiswhathappenedinPasadenaandEastL.A.Sothesearebirdsthatliveprettymuchexclusively(专有地)offtreesthatarealsonotnativetoourarea,“saidUrsulaHeise.SheteachesattheDepartmentofEnglishofUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles(UCLA)andattheInstituteoftheEnvironmentandSustainability.SincearrivinginSouthernCalifornia,thered-crownedparrotshavebecomesuchpermanentfixturesthattheyareontheCaliforniaBirdRecordsCommittee'slistofbirdsinthestate.“They'vebeennaturalizedasCaliforniacitizens,“saidHeise.ShenotedthatherstaffmembershaveputupmajorbuildingsandaddeddifferentkindsofplantsinneighborhoodsacrossSouthernCalifornia.语篇解读：红冠鹦鹉原来栖息于墨西哥的塔毛利帕斯州，由于经常被猎杀，不得不飞离故土到美国安家，现已成为美国的生态系统的一局部，也得到了人们的保护。WhatdoweknowabouttheparrotsinthecommunityinEastL.A.?Theyareindangerofdyingout.Theyjoininthedailylifethere.Theyaredisturbingcommunitymembers.Theyplayapositivepartinthelifeofthecommunity.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Thecolorfulbirdshavebecomepartofeverydaylifethere”可知，多姿多彩的鹦鹉已成为那儿日常生活的一局部了。再根据Owaleon所说的话可知，鹦鹉已加入到这个社区的日常生活中了。Whatcausedthered-crownedparrotstoleavetheirhomeland?Beinghunted.Beingkeptaspets.Lackofenoughfood.Beingexposedtobadweather.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Thebirdswereoftenkilledintheirnativeland"可知，在红冠鹦鹉的家乡，它们遭到猎杀，被迫离开了家乡。Whycanred-crownedparrotsliveinbigcities?Theyenjoytheairofbigcities.Thetreesinbigcitiesattractthem.Thereareenoughfoodforthemtofeedon.Theyhaveunusualabilitytosettlethemselves.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Theyaregoodatmakingahabitatforthemselvesinmajorcities,,可知，红冠鹦鹉擅长在大城市中给自己筑巢。所以D项是最佳选项。Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?FlyingimmigrantsEndangeredparrotsKeepingparrotsaspetsParrotslivingofftrees解析：选A标题归纳题。第二段介绍红冠鹦鹉的祖先来自墨西哥的塔毛利帕斯州，在那儿它们已面临灭绝的危险。第三段介绍它们飞往加利福尼亚南部，在那儿大量繁殖和生长，现在已成为美国的生态系统的一局部了。由此可知，这种红冠鹦鹉可称作“飞行的移民”。CHaveyoueverthoughtaboutlivingina“green”house,onethatishealthyforyouandyourfamilyandhelpsconservetheEarth，sresources?Somepeoplewanttobuildanewhome,renovateanexistingone,ormakeafewchangesintheirlivinghabits.Everyhouseholdcandosomethingtosupporttheconservationoftheenvironmentandimproveourqualityoflife.Asenvironmentalconcernscontinuetoincreaseworldwide,usingmoregreenproductsintoourlivesbecomesmoreandmoreimportant.Thereisgrowinginterestingreenliving,andthepossibilitiesforachievingitinourhomesarerapidlyexpanding.Ourcompany，canshowyoumoreaboutthat.BecausebuildingsneedenormousquantitiesoftheEarth，sresourcesintheirconstructionanddailyoperation,theyoffermanyopportunitiesfornewcco-friendlydesignaswellascostsavings.TheGreenHouseshowsthecombinationofarchitecture,interior-design,andenvironmentalresponsibility.Homeiswheregoinggreenbegins—whereweasindividualshavethepowertosetanewcourseforabrighterfuture.

Ifyouareinterestedinthese"green“houses,pleasecontactusandourcompanywillsendyoumoreinformationaboutthem.Andwe'resureyou，11haveasurprise.E-mail：ghouseabc@126.comPhone：3567218/3567219Fax：3390231语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了有关"GreenHouse”的相关内容，意在宣传推销自己的产品。Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.remindpeopletoprotecttheenvironmentaskpeopletobuya“green”housegiveabriefintroductionofthe“green“houseexpressthewriter'sownopinionabouttheenvironment解析：选B写作意图题。文章主要介绍了“green”house以及与之相关的一些内容,其目的在于让人们买他们的产品。Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheGreenHouseshows.onlyinterior-designandouterappearanceofthebuildingthecombinationofarchitectureandenvironmentalimportancetheimportanceoftheGreenMovementthecombinationofarchitecture,interior-design解析：选D细节理解题。第二段第二句指出theGreenHouse展现了"architecture,interior-design,andenvironmentalresponsibility^的结合。.Theunderlinedword“eco-friendly”inParagraph2probablymeansfriendlytopeoplegoodforthedesignofbuildingsgoodfortheenvironmentfriendlytotheGreenHouse解析：选C词义猜想题。eco-是