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11/11卡梅伦北大演讲稿
ﻪﻭ
上次来这里时,我是英国反对党领导人.
ﻪ后来我们有了大选,它产生了保守党和自民党联合政府……工党现在成了反对党,其宪法职责是公开问责新政=府。
ﻪ事实上,在今天这个周三下午,要不是我在北京的话,就得准备每周的下院首相质询,议员们可以就所有**政策向我任意发问。ﻭ
英国政-府永远从属于法治,这些是对政=府的制约。ﻭﻪ有时它会让人沮丧,但我们认为,这最终会使我们的政=府更好,国家更强。ﻭ
通过媒体,公众可直接听到与政=府相左的意见,这有时可能很麻烦,但公众对影响我们社=会的问题越了解,最终政=府就越容易作出理智决定,制定出赢得民心的有力政策。ﻭﻪ我在英国当首相都没有专门的厨师为我做饭,只能去内阁蹭饭。
ﻪ不仅如此,每年收入全部公开。ﻭ
每周两周还要去下院接受质询,基本回来满脸都口水。
ﻪ我要是进了老百姓家,抱着老百姓哭.ﻭ
第二天泰晤士报的标题会是英国首相以无耻的眼泪换取选票。ﻭﻪ而太阳报的标题则会是英国首相和私生子相认。ﻭﻪtuesday9novemberXXﻭ
pm’sspeechatbeidauniversity,chinaﻭ
atranscriptofspeechgivenbytheprimeministeratthebeidauniversityinchinaon9novemberXX。
ﻪreadthetranscipt:ﻭ
[checkagainstdelivery]ﻭ
introduction
ﻪtwentyfiveyearsagoicametohongkongasastudent。ﻭ
theyearwas1985.ﻭ
dengxiaopingandmargaretthatcherhadrecentlysignedthehistoricjointdeclaration。
theremarkablestoryofthesuccessfulhandoverofhongkong
andthegreatprogresshongkonghascontinuedtomake
isanexampletotheworldofwhatcanbeachievedwhentwocountriescooperateinconfidenceandwithmutualrespect.ﻭ
sincethen,chinahaschangedalmostbeyondrecognition.ﻭ
china’snationalanthemfamouslycallsonthepeopleofchinatostandupﻭ
qilaiqilai(standup,standup)
todaythechinesepeoplearenotjuststandingupintheirowncountry
theyarestandingupintheworld.
ﻪnolongercanpeopletalkabouttheglobaleconomyﻭ
withoutincludingthecountrythathasgrownonaveragetenpercentayearforthreedecades。ﻭ
nolongercanwetalkabouttrade…
withoutthecountrythatisnowtheworld’slargestexporterandthirdlargestimporterﻭﻪandnolongercanwedebateenergysecurityorclimatechangeﻭ
withoutthecountrythatisoneoftheworld'sbiggestconsumerofenergy。ﻭﻪchinaisoncoursetoreclaim,laterthiscentury,itspositionastheworld’sbiggesteconomy
ﻪthepositionithasheldfor18ofthelast20centuries。
andanachievementofwhichthechinesepeoplearejustlyproud.
ﻪputsimply:chinahasre-emergedasagreatglobalpower.ﻭﻪthreatoropportunity
ﻪnowpeoplecanreacttothisinoneoftwoways.ﻭﻪtheycanseechina'sriseasathreatﻭﻪortheycanseeitasanopportunity.
ﻭ
theycanprotecttheirmarketsfromchinaﻭﻪoropentheirmarketstochina.
ﻪtheycantryandshutchinaoutﻭ
orwelechinain,toanewplaceatthetoptableofglobalaffairs。ﻭ
therehasbeenachangeofgovernmentinbritainandachangeofprimeminister.
butonthisvitalpointthereisabsolutecontinuitybetweenmygovernmentandthegovernmentsoftonyblairandgordonbrown。
wewantastrongrelationshipwithchina.strongontrade。strongoninvestment。strongondialogue.
ﻪimadethatclearasleaderoftheoppositionwhenivisitedbeijingandchongqingthreeyearsago。
andirepeatitasprimeministerhereinchina'scapitaltoday。ﻭ
intheargumentabouthowtoreacttotheriseofchina.ﻭ
isayit’sanopportunity。ﻭ
ichooseengagementnotdisengagement.ﻭ
dialoguenotstand-off。ﻭ
mutualbenefit,notzero-sumgame。ﻭﻪpartnershipnotprotectionism。ﻭ
britainisthecountrythatarguesmostpassionatelyforglobalisationandfreetrade.
freetradeisinourdna.
ﻪandwewanttradewithchina.asmuchofitaswecanget.ﻭﻪthat’swhyihavewithmeonthisvisitoneofthebiggestandmosthigh-powereddelegationsabritishprimeministerhaseverledtochina。
justthinkaboutsomeoftheprizesthattheriseofchinacouldhelptobringwithinourgrasp。
strong,andsustainablegrowthfortheglobaleconomy.
vitalprogressonthedohatraderoundwhichcouldadd$170billiontotheglobaleconomy。ﻭﻪarealchancetogetbackontracktowardsalegallybindingdealonemissions
unprecedentedprogressintacklingpoverty.
chinahaslifted500millionpeopleoutofpovertyinjustthirtyyears。ﻭﻪalthoughthereisstillalongwaytogo–that’smorepeopleliftedoutofpovertythanatanytimeinhumanhistory.ﻭ
youcanseetheresultsrightacrossthisenormouscountry.
wheniworkedinhongkongbrieflyin1985,shenzhenwasbarelymorethanasmalltown,surroundedbypaddyfieldsandwaterways.
ﻪtodayitisacitylargerthanlondon。itmakesmostoftheworld’sipodsandoneintenofitsmobilephones.ﻭ
andthereareotherbenefitstoointacklingtheworld’smostintractableproblems.ﻭ
iwelethefact,forexample,thatmorethan900chinesedoctorsnowworkinafricancountriesandthatinugandaitisachinesepharmaceuticalfirmthatisintroducinganewanti-malarialdrug.ﻭﻪsoiwanttomakethepositivecase
ﻪfortheworldtoseechina'sriseasanopportunitynotathreat。ﻭ
butchinaneedstohelpustomakethatargumentﻭ
todemonstratethatasyoureconomygrows,sodooursharedinterests,andoursharedresponsibilities。ﻭﻪ
ﻪﻭ
weshareaninterestinchina’sintegrationintotheworldeconomy,whichisessentialforchina’sdevelopment.
ﻪifwearetomaintaineurope’sopennesstochina,wemustbeabletoshowthatchinaisopentoeurope。ﻭ
soweshareaninterestinaninternationalsystemgovernedbyrulesandnorms.ﻭ
weshareaninterestineffectivecooperativegovernance,includingfortheworldeconomy.
ﻪweshareaninterestinfightingprotectionism
ﻪandinaco-ordinatedrebalancingbetweensurplusanddeficitcountries.
theseinterests,thoseresponsibilitiesarebotheconomicandpolitical.
ﻪletmetakeeachinturn.
economicresponsibilitiesﻭﻪfirst,economicresponsibilities。
ﻪlet'sgetstraighttothepoint.ﻭﻪtheworldeconomyhasbeguntogrowagainafterthecrisis。ﻭ
butthatgrowthisveryuneven。ﻭﻪledbychina,asiaandotheremergingmarketsaregrowingquickly.ﻭ
butinmuchoftheadvancedworldgrowthisslowandfragileandunemploymentstubbornlyhigh。ﻭ
weshouldnotbesurprisedatthis。
ﻪthecrisishasdamagedmanyadvancedeconomiesandweakenedtheirfinancialsectors。
theyfacemajorstructuralandfiscaladjustmentstorebalancetheireconomies.ﻭﻪthisistrueofmyowncountry.
ﻪweknowwhatstepsweneedtotaketorestorethepublicfinancesandrebalanceoureconomytowardsgreatersavingandinvestmentandgreaterexports.ﻭﻪandwehavebeguntotakethem。
ﻪbutfortheworldeconomytobeabletogrowstronglyagain–andtogrowwithoutcreatingthedangerouseconomicandfinancialinstabilitiesthatledtothecrisis,weneedmorethanjustadjustmentintheadvancedworld。ﻭﻪthetruthisthatsomecountrieswithcurrentaccountsurpluseshavebeensavingtoomuch
whileotherslikeminewithdeficitshavebeensavingtoolittle。ﻭﻪandtheresulthasbeenadangeroustidalwaveofmoneygoingfromonesideoftheglobetotheother.ﻭ
weneedamorebalancedpatternofglobaldemandandsupply,amorebalancedpatternofglobalsavingandinvestment。ﻭﻪnowsometimeswhenyouhearpeopletalkabouteconomicimbalances,itcanseemasthoughcountriesthataresuccessfulatexportingarebeingblamedfortheirsuccess.ﻭﻪthat’sabsolutelynotthecase.ﻭ
weallshareaninterestandaresponsibilitytoco—operatetosecurestrongandbalancedglobalgrowth。ﻭﻪthereisnogreaterillustrationofthisthanwhathappenedtochinaasthewesternbankingsystemcollapsed.
ﻪchineseexportsfell12percentﻭ
growthdroppedtoitslowestpointinmorethanadecadeﻭﻪandsome20millionjobswerelostinthechineseexportsector。
ﻪ
ﻭﻪchangesinthestructureofoureconomieswilltaketime.ﻭﻪwhatisimportantisthatthemajoreconomiesoftheworldhaveasharedvisionofthepathofthischange:whatactionscountriesshouldavoid;whatactionscountriesneedtotakeand,crucially,overwhatperioditshouldhappen.ﻭﻪthisiswhytheg20–andthemeetinginseoul–issoimportant.ﻭ
togetherwecanagreeamonapproach.ﻭﻪwecanmittothenecessaryactions。
wecanagreethatwewillholdeachothertoaccount。ﻭﻪandjustaschinaplayedaleadingroleattheg20inhelpingtoavertaglobaldepression
soitcanleadnow。ﻭﻪiknowfrommydiscussionswithpremierwenhowmittedchinaistoactionstorebalanceitseconomy.
ﻪchinaisalreadytalkingaboutmovingtowardsincreaseddomesticconsumptionﻭﻪbetterhealthcareandwelfare
moreconsumergoodsasitsmiddleclassgrowsﻭ
andintimeintroducinggreatermarketflexibilityintoitsexchangerate。
thiscannotbepletedovernight
butitmusthappen.
ﻪlet’sbeclearabouttherisksifitdoesnotﻭﻪaboutwhatisatstakeforchinaandfortheuk–countriesthatdependonanopenglobaleconomy。
attheworstpointofthecrisis,weavertedprotectionism。
ﻪbutatatimeofslowgrowthandhighunemploymentinmanycountriesthosepressureswillriseagain
alreadyyoucanseethem.ﻭﻪcountrieswillincreasinglybetemptedtotrytomaximisetheirowngrowthandtheirownemployment,attheexpenseofothers.ﻭ
globalisation–theforcethathasbeensopowerfulindrivingdevelopmentandbringinghugenumbersintotheworldeconomycouldgointoreverse.
ﻪifwefollowthatpathwewillallloseout.
ﻪthewestwouldloseforsure.butsotoowouldchina.
ﻪforthelasttwodecades,tradehasbeenaverypositivefactorinchina’sre-emergenceontheworldstage。ﻭ
ithasdrivenamazinggrowthﻭﻪandraisedthelivingstandardsofmillions.
tradehashelpedstitchbackchina’snetworkofrelationswithcountriesacrosstheworld。
ﻪweneedtomakesurethatitdoesnotturnintoanegativefactor.
justasthewestwantsgreateraccesstochinesemarketsﻭ
sochinawantsgreateraccesstowesternmarkets
anditwantsmarketeconomystatusintheeutoo。ﻭ
ihadveryconstructivetalkswithpremierwenonexactlythisissueyesterday。
ﻪiwillmakethecaseforchinatogetmarketeconomystatusintheeu
butchinaneedstohelp,byshowingthatitismittedtobeingmoreopen,asitbeesmoreprosperous.ﻭﻪandweneedtoworktogethertodomoretoprotectintellectualpropertyrights
ﻪﻭﻪ
ﻪbecausethiswillgivemorebusinessesconfidencetoeandinvestinchina.
ﻪukpaniesareuniquelyplacedtosupportchina’sdemandformorehighvaluegoodsforitsconsumers。
ourpavilionattheworldexpoinshanghai–whichwonthegoldawardforthebestpaviliondesign–wasashowcaseforsomanyofbritain’sstrengths
fromadvancedengineeringtoeducation…ﻭﻪfromgreatbrandstogreatpharmaceuticalbusinessesﻭﻪfromlowcarbontofinancialservicestothecreativeindustries.ﻭ
inalltheseareasandmanymore,britishpaniesandbritishexportscanhelpchinadelivertheprosperityandprogressitseeks.
wecanbepartofchina'sdevelopmentstrategy,justaschinaispartofours。
ﻪatruepartnershipofgrowth.ﻭ
inrecentdays,britainhaswonnewbusinessworthbillionsofpoundsﻭ
involvingpaniesacrosstheukandcitiesalloverchina.
includingadealbetweenrollsroyceandchinaeasternairlinesfor16airbus330aeroenginesworth£750millionﻭﻪandinwardinvestmentsworthinexcessof£300million
ﻪthisisallinadditiontoatleast£3bnofbusinesswhichbritishpanieshavesecuredaspartoftheairbuscontractconcludedwithchinalastweek
andafurther£2billionofinvestmentsbytescotodevelopnewshoppingmallsoverthenextfiveyears。ﻭﻪandwithnearly50ofbritain’smostinfluentialculture,educationandbusinessleadersjoiningmeonthisvisit。
ihopethesedealscanbejustthebeginningofawholeneweraofbilateraltradebetweenourcountries.
ﻪachievingthiswouldbearealwin-winforourtwocountries。ﻭ
soifchinaispreparedtopursuefurtheropeningofitsmarkets
ﻪandtoworkwithbritainandtheotherg20countriestorebalancetheworldeconomyandtakestepsovertimetowardsinternationalisingitscurrency
ﻪthatwillgoalongwaytowardshelpingtheglobaleconomylockinthestabilityitneedsforstrongandsustainablegrowth。
ﻪandjustasimportantly,itwillgoalongwayinsecuringconfidenceintheglobalmunitythatchinaasaneconomicpowerisaforceforgood.
politicalresponsibilitiesﻭ
butchinadoesnotjusthaveneweconomicpower.ﻭ
ithasnewpoliticalpower.ﻭﻪandthatbringsnewpoliticalresponsibilitiestoo。ﻭ
whatchinasays–andwhatchinadoes–reallymatters.
ﻪthereisbarelyaglobalissuethatneedsresolution,whichdoesnotbegthequestions:whatdoeschinathink,andhowcanchinacontributetoasolution?
ﻪchinahasattemptedtoavoidentanglementinglobalaffairsinthepast.butchina’ssizeandglobalreachmeansthatthisisnolongerarealisticchoice.
ﻪ
ﻪﻭ
whetherit’sclimatechangeordevelopment,healthandeducationorglobalsecurity,chinaistoobigandtooimportantnownottoplayitspart。
onclimatechange,aninternationaldealhastobefair.ﻭﻪandthatmeansthatcountrieswithdifferenthistoriescan'tallbeexpectedtocontributeinexactlythesameway.ﻭﻪbutafairdealalsomeansthatallcountriescontribute
andallarepartofanagreement.ﻭ
andthere’sactuallyahugeopportunityhereforchina.ﻭﻪbecausechinacanreallyprofitfromhavingsomeofthemostefficientgreenenergyintheworld.ﻭﻪoninternationalsecurity,greatpowershaveabiggerinterestthananyoneinpreservingstability。
takedevelopmentforexample,chinaisoneofthefastestgrowinginvestorsinafrica
withavitalinfluenceoverwhetherafricacanbeeanewsourceofgrowthfortheworldeconomy。
wewanttoworktogethertoensurethatthemoneywespendinafricaisnotsupportingcorruptandintolerantregimes。
andthemeetingoftheunsecuritycouncilwhichthebritishforeignsecretarywillchairlaterthismonthprovidesagoodopportunitytostepupourco-operationonsudan.
ﻪaschina’sstarrisesagainintheworld,sodoesitsstakeinastableandorder
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