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11/11卡梅伦北大演讲稿

ﻪﻭ

上次来这里时,我是英国反对党领导人.

ﻪ后来我们有了大选,它产生了保守党和自民党联合政府……工党现在成了反对党,其宪法职责是公开问责新政=府。

ﻪ事实上,在今天这个周三下午,要不是我在北京的话,就得准备每周的下院首相质询,议员们可以就所有**政策向我任意发问。ﻭ

英国政-府永远从属于法治,这些是对政=府的制约。ﻭﻪ有时它会让人沮丧,但我们认为,这最终会使我们的政=府更好,国家更强。ﻭ

通过媒体,公众可直接听到与政=府相左的意见,这有时可能很麻烦,但公众对影响我们社=会的问题越了解,最终政=府就越容易作出理智决定,制定出赢得民心的有力政策。ﻭﻪ我在英国当首相都没有专门的厨师为我做饭,只能去内阁蹭饭。

ﻪ不仅如此,每年收入全部公开。ﻭ

每周两周还要去下院接受质询,基本回来满脸都口水。

ﻪ我要是进了老百姓家,抱着老百姓哭.ﻭ

第二天泰晤士报的标题会是英国首相以无耻的眼泪换取选票。ﻭﻪ而太阳报的标题则会是英国首相和私生子相认。ﻭﻪtuesday9novemberXXﻭ

pm’sspeechatbeidauniversity,chinaﻭ

atranscriptofspeechgivenbytheprimeministeratthebeidauniversityinchinaon9novemberXX。

ﻪreadthetranscipt:ﻭ

[checkagainstdelivery]ﻭ

introduction

ﻪtwentyfiveyearsagoicametohongkongasastudent。ﻭ

theyearwas1985.ﻭ

dengxiaopingandmargaretthatcherhadrecentlysignedthehistoricjointdeclaration。

theremarkablestoryofthesuccessfulhandoverofhongkong

andthegreatprogresshongkonghascontinuedtomake

isanexampletotheworldofwhatcanbeachievedwhentwocountriescooperateinconfidenceandwithmutualrespect.ﻭ

sincethen,chinahaschangedalmostbeyondrecognition.ﻭ

china’snationalanthemfamouslycallsonthepeopleofchinatostandupﻭ

qilaiqilai(standup,standup)

todaythechinesepeoplearenotjuststandingupintheirowncountry

theyarestandingupintheworld.

ﻪnolongercanpeopletalkabouttheglobaleconomyﻭ

withoutincludingthecountrythathasgrownonaveragetenpercentayearforthreedecades。ﻭ

nolongercanwetalkabouttrade…

withoutthecountrythatisnowtheworld’slargestexporterandthirdlargestimporterﻭﻪandnolongercanwedebateenergysecurityorclimatechangeﻭ

withoutthecountrythatisoneoftheworld'sbiggestconsumerofenergy。ﻭﻪchinaisoncoursetoreclaim,laterthiscentury,itspositionastheworld’sbiggesteconomy

ﻪthepositionithasheldfor18ofthelast20centuries。

andanachievementofwhichthechinesepeoplearejustlyproud.

ﻪputsimply:chinahasre-emergedasagreatglobalpower.ﻭﻪthreatoropportunity

ﻪnowpeoplecanreacttothisinoneoftwoways.ﻭﻪtheycanseechina'sriseasathreatﻭﻪortheycanseeitasanopportunity.

theycanprotecttheirmarketsfromchinaﻭﻪoropentheirmarketstochina.

ﻪtheycantryandshutchinaoutﻭ

orwelechinain,toanewplaceatthetoptableofglobalaffairs。ﻭ

therehasbeenachangeofgovernmentinbritainandachangeofprimeminister.

butonthisvitalpointthereisabsolutecontinuitybetweenmygovernmentandthegovernmentsoftonyblairandgordonbrown。

wewantastrongrelationshipwithchina.strongontrade。strongoninvestment。strongondialogue.

ﻪimadethatclearasleaderoftheoppositionwhenivisitedbeijingandchongqingthreeyearsago。

andirepeatitasprimeministerhereinchina'scapitaltoday。ﻭ

intheargumentabouthowtoreacttotheriseofchina.ﻭ

isayit’sanopportunity。ﻭ

ichooseengagementnotdisengagement.ﻭ

dialoguenotstand-off。ﻭ

mutualbenefit,notzero-sumgame。ﻭﻪpartnershipnotprotectionism。ﻭ

britainisthecountrythatarguesmostpassionatelyforglobalisationandfreetrade.

freetradeisinourdna.

ﻪandwewanttradewithchina.asmuchofitaswecanget.ﻭﻪthat’swhyihavewithmeonthisvisitoneofthebiggestandmosthigh-powereddelegationsabritishprimeministerhaseverledtochina。

justthinkaboutsomeoftheprizesthattheriseofchinacouldhelptobringwithinourgrasp。

strong,andsustainablegrowthfortheglobaleconomy.

vitalprogressonthedohatraderoundwhichcouldadd$170billiontotheglobaleconomy。ﻭﻪarealchancetogetbackontracktowardsalegallybindingdealonemissions

unprecedentedprogressintacklingpoverty.

chinahaslifted500millionpeopleoutofpovertyinjustthirtyyears。ﻭﻪalthoughthereisstillalongwaytogo–that’smorepeopleliftedoutofpovertythanatanytimeinhumanhistory.ﻭ

youcanseetheresultsrightacrossthisenormouscountry.

wheniworkedinhongkongbrieflyin1985,shenzhenwasbarelymorethanasmalltown,surroundedbypaddyfieldsandwaterways.

ﻪtodayitisacitylargerthanlondon。itmakesmostoftheworld’sipodsandoneintenofitsmobilephones.ﻭ

andthereareotherbenefitstoointacklingtheworld’smostintractableproblems.ﻭ

iwelethefact,forexample,thatmorethan900chinesedoctorsnowworkinafricancountriesandthatinugandaitisachinesepharmaceuticalfirmthatisintroducinganewanti-malarialdrug.ﻭﻪsoiwanttomakethepositivecase

ﻪfortheworldtoseechina'sriseasanopportunitynotathreat。ﻭ

butchinaneedstohelpustomakethatargumentﻭ

todemonstratethatasyoureconomygrows,sodooursharedinterests,andoursharedresponsibilities。ﻭﻪ

ﻪﻭ

weshareaninterestinchina’sintegrationintotheworldeconomy,whichisessentialforchina’sdevelopment.

ﻪifwearetomaintaineurope’sopennesstochina,wemustbeabletoshowthatchinaisopentoeurope。ﻭ

soweshareaninterestinaninternationalsystemgovernedbyrulesandnorms.ﻭ

weshareaninterestineffectivecooperativegovernance,includingfortheworldeconomy.

ﻪweshareaninterestinfightingprotectionism

ﻪandinaco-ordinatedrebalancingbetweensurplusanddeficitcountries.

theseinterests,thoseresponsibilitiesarebotheconomicandpolitical.

ﻪletmetakeeachinturn.

economicresponsibilitiesﻭﻪfirst,economicresponsibilities。

ﻪlet'sgetstraighttothepoint.ﻭﻪtheworldeconomyhasbeguntogrowagainafterthecrisis。ﻭ

butthatgrowthisveryuneven。ﻭﻪledbychina,asiaandotheremergingmarketsaregrowingquickly.ﻭ

butinmuchoftheadvancedworldgrowthisslowandfragileandunemploymentstubbornlyhigh。ﻭ

weshouldnotbesurprisedatthis。

ﻪthecrisishasdamagedmanyadvancedeconomiesandweakenedtheirfinancialsectors。

theyfacemajorstructuralandfiscaladjustmentstorebalancetheireconomies.ﻭﻪthisistrueofmyowncountry.

ﻪweknowwhatstepsweneedtotaketorestorethepublicfinancesandrebalanceoureconomytowardsgreatersavingandinvestmentandgreaterexports.ﻭﻪandwehavebeguntotakethem。

ﻪbutfortheworldeconomytobeabletogrowstronglyagain–andtogrowwithoutcreatingthedangerouseconomicandfinancialinstabilitiesthatledtothecrisis,weneedmorethanjustadjustmentintheadvancedworld。ﻭﻪthetruthisthatsomecountrieswithcurrentaccountsurpluseshavebeensavingtoomuch

whileotherslikeminewithdeficitshavebeensavingtoolittle。ﻭﻪandtheresulthasbeenadangeroustidalwaveofmoneygoingfromonesideoftheglobetotheother.ﻭ

weneedamorebalancedpatternofglobaldemandandsupply,amorebalancedpatternofglobalsavingandinvestment。ﻭﻪnowsometimeswhenyouhearpeopletalkabouteconomicimbalances,itcanseemasthoughcountriesthataresuccessfulatexportingarebeingblamedfortheirsuccess.ﻭﻪthat’sabsolutelynotthecase.ﻭ

weallshareaninterestandaresponsibilitytoco—operatetosecurestrongandbalancedglobalgrowth。ﻭﻪthereisnogreaterillustrationofthisthanwhathappenedtochinaasthewesternbankingsystemcollapsed.

ﻪchineseexportsfell12percentﻭ

growthdroppedtoitslowestpointinmorethanadecadeﻭﻪandsome20millionjobswerelostinthechineseexportsector。

ﻭﻪchangesinthestructureofoureconomieswilltaketime.ﻭﻪwhatisimportantisthatthemajoreconomiesoftheworldhaveasharedvisionofthepathofthischange:whatactionscountriesshouldavoid;whatactionscountriesneedtotakeand,crucially,overwhatperioditshouldhappen.ﻭﻪthisiswhytheg20–andthemeetinginseoul–issoimportant.ﻭ

togetherwecanagreeamonapproach.ﻭﻪwecanmittothenecessaryactions。

wecanagreethatwewillholdeachothertoaccount。ﻭﻪandjustaschinaplayedaleadingroleattheg20inhelpingtoavertaglobaldepression

soitcanleadnow。ﻭﻪiknowfrommydiscussionswithpremierwenhowmittedchinaistoactionstorebalanceitseconomy.

ﻪchinaisalreadytalkingaboutmovingtowardsincreaseddomesticconsumptionﻭﻪbetterhealthcareandwelfare

moreconsumergoodsasitsmiddleclassgrowsﻭ

andintimeintroducinggreatermarketflexibilityintoitsexchangerate。

thiscannotbepletedovernight

butitmusthappen.

ﻪlet’sbeclearabouttherisksifitdoesnotﻭﻪaboutwhatisatstakeforchinaandfortheuk–countriesthatdependonanopenglobaleconomy。

attheworstpointofthecrisis,weavertedprotectionism。

ﻪbutatatimeofslowgrowthandhighunemploymentinmanycountriesthosepressureswillriseagain

alreadyyoucanseethem.ﻭﻪcountrieswillincreasinglybetemptedtotrytomaximisetheirowngrowthandtheirownemployment,attheexpenseofothers.ﻭ

globalisation–theforcethathasbeensopowerfulindrivingdevelopmentandbringinghugenumbersintotheworldeconomycouldgointoreverse.

ﻪifwefollowthatpathwewillallloseout.

ﻪthewestwouldloseforsure.butsotoowouldchina.

ﻪforthelasttwodecades,tradehasbeenaverypositivefactorinchina’sre-emergenceontheworldstage。ﻭ

ithasdrivenamazinggrowthﻭﻪandraisedthelivingstandardsofmillions.

tradehashelpedstitchbackchina’snetworkofrelationswithcountriesacrosstheworld。

ﻪweneedtomakesurethatitdoesnotturnintoanegativefactor.

justasthewestwantsgreateraccesstochinesemarketsﻭ

sochinawantsgreateraccesstowesternmarkets

anditwantsmarketeconomystatusintheeutoo。ﻭ

ihadveryconstructivetalkswithpremierwenonexactlythisissueyesterday。

ﻪiwillmakethecaseforchinatogetmarketeconomystatusintheeu

butchinaneedstohelp,byshowingthatitismittedtobeingmoreopen,asitbeesmoreprosperous.ﻭﻪandweneedtoworktogethertodomoretoprotectintellectualpropertyrights

ﻪﻭﻪ

ﻪbecausethiswillgivemorebusinessesconfidencetoeandinvestinchina.

ﻪukpaniesareuniquelyplacedtosupportchina’sdemandformorehighvaluegoodsforitsconsumers。

ourpavilionattheworldexpoinshanghai–whichwonthegoldawardforthebestpaviliondesign–wasashowcaseforsomanyofbritain’sstrengths

fromadvancedengineeringtoeducation…ﻭﻪfromgreatbrandstogreatpharmaceuticalbusinessesﻭﻪfromlowcarbontofinancialservicestothecreativeindustries.ﻭ

inalltheseareasandmanymore,britishpaniesandbritishexportscanhelpchinadelivertheprosperityandprogressitseeks.

wecanbepartofchina'sdevelopmentstrategy,justaschinaispartofours。

ﻪatruepartnershipofgrowth.ﻭ

inrecentdays,britainhaswonnewbusinessworthbillionsofpoundsﻭ

involvingpaniesacrosstheukandcitiesalloverchina.

includingadealbetweenrollsroyceandchinaeasternairlinesfor16airbus330aeroenginesworth£750millionﻭﻪandinwardinvestmentsworthinexcessof£300million

ﻪthisisallinadditiontoatleast£3bnofbusinesswhichbritishpanieshavesecuredaspartoftheairbuscontractconcludedwithchinalastweek

andafurther£2billionofinvestmentsbytescotodevelopnewshoppingmallsoverthenextfiveyears。ﻭﻪandwithnearly50ofbritain’smostinfluentialculture,educationandbusinessleadersjoiningmeonthisvisit。

ihopethesedealscanbejustthebeginningofawholeneweraofbilateraltradebetweenourcountries.

ﻪachievingthiswouldbearealwin-winforourtwocountries。ﻭ

soifchinaispreparedtopursuefurtheropeningofitsmarkets

ﻪandtoworkwithbritainandtheotherg20countriestorebalancetheworldeconomyandtakestepsovertimetowardsinternationalisingitscurrency

ﻪthatwillgoalongwaytowardshelpingtheglobaleconomylockinthestabilityitneedsforstrongandsustainablegrowth。

ﻪandjustasimportantly,itwillgoalongwayinsecuringconfidenceintheglobalmunitythatchinaasaneconomicpowerisaforceforgood.

politicalresponsibilitiesﻭ

butchinadoesnotjusthaveneweconomicpower.ﻭ

ithasnewpoliticalpower.ﻭﻪandthatbringsnewpoliticalresponsibilitiestoo。ﻭ

whatchinasays–andwhatchinadoes–reallymatters.

ﻪthereisbarelyaglobalissuethatneedsresolution,whichdoesnotbegthequestions:whatdoeschinathink,andhowcanchinacontributetoasolution?

ﻪchinahasattemptedtoavoidentanglementinglobalaffairsinthepast.butchina’ssizeandglobalreachmeansthatthisisnolongerarealisticchoice.

ﻪﻭ

whetherit’sclimatechangeordevelopment,healthandeducationorglobalsecurity,chinaistoobigandtooimportantnownottoplayitspart。

onclimatechange,aninternationaldealhastobefair.ﻭﻪandthatmeansthatcountrieswithdifferenthistoriescan'tallbeexpectedtocontributeinexactlythesameway.ﻭﻪbutafairdealalsomeansthatallcountriescontribute

andallarepartofanagreement.ﻭ

andthere’sactuallyahugeopportunityhereforchina.ﻭﻪbecausechinacanreallyprofitfromhavingsomeofthemostefficientgreenenergyintheworld.ﻭﻪoninternationalsecurity,greatpowershaveabiggerinterestthananyoneinpreservingstability。

takedevelopmentforexample,chinaisoneofthefastestgrowinginvestorsinafrica

withavitalinfluenceoverwhetherafricacanbeeanewsourceofgrowthfortheworldeconomy。

wewanttoworktogethertoensurethatthemoneywespendinafricaisnotsupportingcorruptandintolerantregimes。

andthemeetingoftheunsecuritycouncilwhichthebritishforeignsecretarywillchairlaterthismonthprovidesagoodopportunitytostepupourco-operationonsudan.

ﻪaschina’sstarrisesagainintheworld,sodoesitsstakeinastableandorder

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