中考英语语法训练-名词的词形变化学案

名词的词形变化一、名词的分类名词可分为 和 两大类。普通名词又可分为： 如：cup，desk，student等。 如：class，team，family等。 如：rice，water，cotton等。 如：love，work，life等。 。专有名词：如：China，Newton，London等。二、名词的数（一）可数名词的复数形式的构成规则一般情况下在名词的词尾加s，如：book books，pencil pencils.以结尾的名词加其读音如watches，dish dishes等。以-y结尾的名词：（1）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，把y改为i再加es，读［iz］，如：factory factories（2）以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾，直接在词尾加-s，读音为［z］。如：keykeys。以-f和-fe结尾的名词：（1）变-f或-fe为v再加-es，如：thiefthieves，wifewives，halfhalves等。（2）直接在词尾加-s，如：roofroofs，gulfgulfs，chiefchiefs，proofproofs等。（3）两者均可。如：handkerchief handkerchiefs或handkerchieves.以-o结尾的名词：（1）“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词后直接加-es，读音［z］如：hero heroes，potato potatoes，tomato tomatoes等。（二）不规则名词的复数形式改变单数名词中的元音字母或其他形式如mouse mice，child children等。单复数形式相同。如：sheep，deer，fish等，以及由汉语音译表示度量、币制等单位的名词。如：yuan.另外以-ese或-ss结尾的表示民族的名词也一样同形。如：Chinese，Japanese，Swiss等。以-an结尾或其他形式结尾的表示民族、国家的人的名词变复数时在词尾加-s.如：Americans，Asians，Russians，Australians，Italians，Germans等。注意：EnglishmanEnglishmen，FrenchmanFrenchmen.复合名词的复数形式：（1）在词末加-（e）s，如：afternoons，housewives等。（2）把主体名词变成复数形式。如：lookers-on（旁观者）passers-by（过路人）等。由man或woman作为第一部分的复数名词两个组成部分皆变为复数形式如driver mendrivers，womandoctor womendoctors等。（三）几种特殊的复数形式的名词眼镜（短裤），mathematics（数学），physics（物理学），politics（政治学）等。有些复数形式的名词表示特别的意义。如：papers（文件），manners（礼貌），goods（货物），times（时代），conditions（环境；情况）等。friends与……交朋友handswith（与……握手）等。（四）不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。如：luggage，milk，rice，soup，water，money，meat等。1apieceofadvice（一条建议）fivepiecesofadvice（五条建议），abagofrice（一袋大米）threebagsofrice（三袋大米）。可数名词的量也可以用适当的量词来表达。不可数名词的转化（1）物质名词表示种类或具体事物时则成为可数名词。如：glass（玻璃）aglass（一个玻璃杯），tea（茶）twoteas（两杯茶），ice（冰）threeices（三个冰淇淋）。（2）抽象名词具体化时也可成为可数名词。如：beauty（美丽）abeauty（一个美人），youth（青春）ayouth（一个青年）。一个房间）room（空间），achicken（一只小鸡）chicken（鸡肉）。三、名词的格格（case）是名词的语法范畴之一。名词有三种格：主格(nominativecase)宾格(objectivecase)和属格(genitivecase)。但名词的主格和宾格形式相同，所以它们又称为通格(commoncase)属格的形式's构成（-ses的复形'”）of加名词构成。前者多用来表示有生命的东西，后者多用来表示无child'splay很容易做的事thedoorofthebarn各色的门's属格的构成方法如：①：单形名词末加's theboy'smother②：复形名词末加“'” twoboys’mothers'sThomas'sbrother④：几个词作为一个单位时候，'s加在最后一个词的末尾如：theQueenofEngland'sthrone's如：John'sandSusan'sdesks'sandSusan'sdesk's属格常表示有生命的东西，但也可表示无生命的东西如： ①：表示时间 aday'sjourney ②：自然现象 themoon'srays③：表国家，城市等实体thecity'sparks ④：表工作群时theship'screw⑤：表示度量衡及价值amile'sdistance ⑥：表示拟人化death'sdoor⑦：固定用法astone'sthrow四、名词练习Therearesome onthehill.sheeps B.asheep C.sheep D.sheepesMrBlackoftengivesus byEmail.somegoodinformation B.somegoodinformationsC.goodinformations D.agoodinformationTherearesomenewbooksintheschoollibrary.Theyare books.child B.childrens' C.children D.children'sIhavewornoutmyshoes,soIwanttobuyanew .pair B.one C.ones D.trousersMeimei'shandwritingisbetterthananyother inhisclass.students B.students C.student's D.students'Thehospitalisabitfarfromhere.It'sabout .fortyminutes'swalk B.fortyminute'swalkC.fortyminuteswalk D.fortyminutes'walkHowmany arethereinyourclass?Japanese B.American C.Australian D.CanadianIfoundmyblackcatin room.JimandMike B.JimandMike's C.Jim'sandMike's D.Jim'sandMikeHowmucharethe ?bread B.meats. C.potatos D.tomatoesTherearemany inourschool.womanteachers B.woman'steachersC.womenteachers D.women'steachersThreemonths alongtimeforme.is B.are C.have D.hasThereare and onthetable.twoboxescake;fourbottleoforanges B.twoboxescake;fourbottleoforangeC.twoboxesofcakes;fourbottlesoforange D.twoboxofcakes;fourbottlesoforanges中考综合训练

选择题第一节：单项填空（共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1．— willyoufinishyourhomework?InhalfanA．Howsoon B．Howlong C．Howfar D．Howoften2．—youlike ?No,thankyou.I’mfull.A．something B．anything C．somemore D．alittle3．Thegirl wonthegoldmedalcomesfromAnhuiProvince.A．whom B．which C．who 4．Isthere here?Ifnot,don’tstayherealone.A．anyone B．somebody C．anyoneelse D．everyone5．Peopleinwesterncountriescelebrate Christmas,whilepeopleinChinaobserve SpringFestival.A．the;the B．/;/ C．the;/ D．/;the6．Thereisaplaneat9:30andoneat12:00; planewillgetyoutoParisforthecarexhibition.A．Either B．Both C．Every D．Each7．Childrengettiredoflearningoftenbecausethey todobetterthantheycan,bothatschoolandathome.A．hope B．arehoped C．expect D．areexpected8．Don’thavethehorse allthetime.Itneedsagoodrest.beorig Bokg Ctowork o9．Chinaisknown adevelopingA．as B．with C．for D．of10．Thisistheverything belongs .hic;im tht;him Ch;ohis Dtht;tohim11．—Ididn’tdowellintheexam.Whataboutyou,dear?Idid thanyou.A．noworse B．nobetter C．nomore D．notbetter12．—Haveyougotanyjoboffers?No.I .A．waited B．hadbeenwaiting C．havewaited D．amwaiting13．—Whatdoyouenjoy athomeinthenextfewdays?Reading,ofcourse.A．topassyourtime B．passingyourtime C．passyourtime D．beingpassingyourtime14．—Theplaceisn’ttoobad,isit? abittoocrowded.and B．No,because C．No,but but15．—MayIuseyourtelephone?— .A．No,youdon’t B．Goahead C．Nevermind youdo16．EverybodyinthevillagelikesJackbecauseheisgoodattellingand jokes.A．turningup B．puttingup C．makingup D．showingup17．Itisn’tquite thatthechairmanwillattendthemeeting.A．sure B．right C．exact D．certain18．Everytimeshe ,she someflowerstome.A．comes;wouldbringB．come;willbring C．came;wouldbringD．came;hadbrought19．—Oh,thematter?looksotired— .A．SodoI B．SoIam C．SoIdo D．SoamI20．John,lookatthetime. youplaythepianoatsuchalatehour?A．Must B．Can C．May D．Need第二节：完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）ManypeopleuseemailtocommunicatewitheachIfyoucansurftheInternet,itisagreat21tosendmessagesquicklyandasoftenasyoulike.No22isitnecessarytofindapenorpaper,notto23anenvelopeorstamp.Arewemissinganythingbynotwritingpaperletterstopeople?Mustyoutakethe24ofwritingthemifyouwanttoreceivesuchletters?Mostpeoplewouldprobablyanswer,“No,itisawasteofpaper25,andthisisamuchbettersystem.”Itishardtobeagainstsuchaviewpoint.However,IwouldliketoIbelievethatthekindsofletterspeople26towritewereprobablymore27thanbillionsofemailssentOfcourse,whenit28tosendingquickmessages,emailisthebest.If29isimportant,emailisparticularlyuseful.30,ifyouwantreallytotouchsomeone,aletterismorepersonal. 31 lettersarethemostpersonal.Ifyoucantypefast,youcanputalotintoaletter,butitlacks（缺少）thespecialsensethatcomesfromseeingthehandwriting.Aslongasitisunderstandable,itdoesn’tmatterhowtidyitis.Whensomeonesitsdownandjustwritestoyou,youwill32thatwhenyouarereadingit.ThoughI’mateenager,IadmitthatItoofeel33toreceivealetterinthemail.Iloveseeingmynamewrittenbyhandon34makeyourselfacupofcoffee,sitdowninacomfortableplace,openyour35,andenjoyeverythingthatthepersonputsintothosewordsjustforyou.Whatagift!21．A．chanceB．wayC．funD．time22．A．longerB．muchC．lessD．important23．A．sayB．speakC．talkD．mention24．A．questionB．troubleC．pleasureD．problem25．A．anywayB．tooC．simplyD．just26．A．neededB．usedC．gotD．agreed27．A．importantB．usefulC．helpfulD．meaningful28．A．runsB．leadsC．comesD．arrives29．A．moneyB．meaningC．feelingD．time30．A．HoweverB．SoC．ThereforeD．But31．A．LongB．TypedC．HandwrittenD．Short32．A．feelB．loveC．wantD．like33．A．excitedB．disappointedC．puzzledD．surprised34．A．aletterB．alistC．apaperD．anenvelope35．A．mouthB．letterC．bookD．magazine第三节：阅读理解（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C.D.四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AIndianapolisisthecapitalandlargestcityofIndiana,USA.Withapopulationof774000,itisoneofthelargestcitiesintheworldthatcannotbereachedbywater.However,Indianapolisisacitythroughwhichmanyrailways,roads,buses,andplanespass.Therearemayfactoriesthatmakecars,farmtoolsandelectricalthings.Thesefactoriescauselittlepollutionforthecity.BulterUniversity,wellknownforengineering,andthelawandmedicalschoolsofIndianaUniversityareinthecitycenter.NearbyistheIndianapolisracecourse,wherethenation’smostfamouscarraceisheldeveryyearonMay30th.IfyouvisitIndianapolis,youwillbeabletofindyourwayaroundeasilybecausemostofthestreetscrosseachotherlikeachessboard.Inthecenterofthecalledthecircle,standstheSoldier’sandSailor’s纪念碑100hundredmetershigh.AlsointhecentertherearemanybuildingsmadeoffamousIndianapolisstone,whichmakesthemwhiteincannottraveltoIndianapolisby .A．boat B．bike C．car D．train37．WhatisIndianapolisbestknownfor? .A．Itsschoolandlibraries B．ItsyearlymotorraceC．Itsuniversitiesandmedicalschools D．ItsSoldiers’andSailors’Monument38．Itiseasyforastrangertogoaboutinthecitybecause .A．mostofthebuildingsareinthecenterofthecityB．therearemanydifferentwaysoftravelingthereC．thebuildingsareveryclosetoeachotherD．thecityisplannedinsquares39．ManybuildingsinIndianapolisarewhitebecause .A．theyarepaintedeveryyear B．theIndianapeoplekeepthemcleanC．theyaremadeofspecialstone D．thereislittlepollutionfromfactoriesBIfthereistimeforquestionsordiscussionattheendofaclass,takethechancetoaskforfurtherexplanationofanythingthatwasnotimmediatelyclear.Youareunlikelytobetheonlyonewhodoesnotunderstand.Soourquestionswillhelpothersandwillencouragethemtoaskquestions,andyoushouldlearnfromalltheteacher’sreplies.Questionsnotonlyhelpstudentstolearnbutalsoshowinterestinthesubject,andthismakestheteacher’sworkmoreuseful.Besides,questionsshouldhelptheteacherfirsttorecognizethingsthatstudentsfinddifficultandthentogivebetterlessons.Morequestionswillcometomindduringyourfurtherstudies.Trytofindtheanswersbeforethenextclass.Thiswillhelpyoutolearn.40．Thewriterofthispassageadvisesus .A．toaskforfurtherexplanationofeverythingwelearnB．toaskquestionsattheendofaclassC．tohelpothersbyaskingtheteacherquestionsD．toencouragetheteachertogivebetterlessons41．Accordingtothepassage,youaskquestionsinorderto .A．makeyourteacherrecognizeyouB．encourageyourschoolfriendstolearnbetterC．makeyourselfandyourclassmateslearnbetterD．satisfyyourteacher42．Accordingtothepassage,questionsarehelpful .A．eithertotheslowstudentsortothebrightstud