专升本考试辅导语法VIP

一、动词时态重要考点：完成时。过去完成时现在完成时将来完成时专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第1页!一、用过去完成时的几个典型情况：by+过去时间：bythen,uptothen,tillthen,By1988,scientistssurelyhaddiscoveredcureforthemoncold.

Itwasthefirst/second/lasttime+从句

Thiswasthesecondtimehehadbeenoutwithheralone.

注：itisthefirst/second/lasttimethat…用现在完成时。专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第2页!固定结构：

hardly/scarcely/barely…when…;nosooner…than…

表示“刚刚就…，不等就…”。1.Shehadhardly(scarcely,barely)gonetobedwhenthebellrang.2.Nosoonerhadtheyleftthebuildingthanabombexploded.

注：主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第3页!二、用将来完成时的典型情况：

by+将来时间Wewillhavemadeourcountryoneofthemediumdevelopedcountriesintheworldbytheyearof2050.BynextMonday,shewillhavestudiedhereforthreeyears.

专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第4页!We_________intouchwitheachothersince2003.A.havekeptB.hadkeptC.keptD.keepEvenifit______thisafternoon,Iwillgothere.A.hasrainedB.willrainC.rainsD.willhaverained专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第5页!It’sbeen5yearssincehe_________China.A.leftB.hadleftC.hasleftD.leavingBythetimeyougetback,greatchanges_______inthisarea.A.willtakeplaceB.willbetakenplaceC.aregoingtotakeplaceD.willhavetakenplace专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第6页!二、语态重要考点：

被动语态。

及物动词才有被动语态

专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第7页!只能作为不及物的动词和词组：occur,happen,breakout,takeplace,etrue,beeareality1.May4thMovementtookplacein1919.2.Whendidtheaccidentoccur?专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第8页!（2）need,require,want,deserve,beworth+doingMywatchneedsrepairing.Thisfilmisreallyworthseeing.Whosaidtheboydeservepunishing.（3）某些系动词如：feel,prove,smell,taste,sound等形容词，也是主动表被动意义。Thefoodtastesdelicious.Howsweettheseflowerssmell!专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第9页!在主动语态中，感官动词和使役动词常跟不带to的动词不定式，但在被动语态中要有to。

1.

Isawherpassbythewindow.2.Shewasseentopassbythewindow.专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第10页!“Theceremonyhasalreadystarted.”“Look!Theflagis____now.”

A)

beingraisedB)risenC)beingrisingD)raisingThefilm____thisSaturday.A)showsB)willshowC)istobeshownD)istoshow专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第11页!三、强调句Itis…that…ItwasinGermany____Einsteinspenthischildhood.AwhereBwhichCthatDwhenItwasnotuntilshearrivedinclass____realizedshehadforgottenherbook.AandsheBsheCwhenDthatshe

专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第12页!2、为了避免句子部分重复，常用倒装。

即so(neither,nor)+be动词（助动词，情态动词）+主语，表示“也…”。

Myfatherisanengineer;soismyhusband.Janedidn’tattendmyclass;nordidTom.注意：如表示赞同别人的陈述，so后面的部分不倒装。---Janeisagoodswimmer.---Sosheis.专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第13页!

1.Ifitwerenecessary,Imightresign.→2.Ifyouhadinformedmeearlier,Iwouldn’thavesignedthecontract.→3.IfIshouldhavetime,Iwouldcallonher.→专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第14页!Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.Bynomeanscanwecreateordestroyenergy.专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第15页!比较结构中的省略：Weoftenadvisehimnottodrinkmorewine____isgoodforhishealth.A.asB.thatC.thanD.but专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第16页!比较级惯用法：MorethanMore…than…与其说…不如说Nomorethan至多Nolessthan至少专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第17页!特殊情况：1)Mymother,aswellasmyfather,hasakeytotheoffice.2)ThemantogetherwithhiswifeandchildrensitstherewatchingTV.某些词语构成的短语出现在主语中心词之后，谓语仍和前面的主语保持一致。例如：aswellas,with,alongwith,like,togetherwith,ratherthan,except,but,including,plus,besides,inadditionto,nolessthan，

专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第18页!七、非谓语动词不定式

分词动名词参见B级相关语法专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第19页!

后面接sb.+todo:advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,challenge,encourage,expect(要求),forbid,hire,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warn;固定词组，作独立成分：tobehonest,tobeginwith,tocutalongstoryshort,toget(back)tothepoint,toputitanotherway,totellthetruth;专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第20页!Theoldmanforgothowtogethomeafterhelefttheshop.Theleaderconcernedtoldthenewsreportersfranklythathedidnotknowwhom_______fortheaccidentcausedbyfakewine.A.isblameB.toblameC.blamesD.willblame专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第21页!有些动词后面加不带to的动词不定式：hadbetter,wouldrather,may/mightaswell,can’thelpbut

专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第22页!

并不是所有的to都是动词不定式。下面的to是介词，以下是固定搭配。attribute…to（归因于)apply…to（致力于）accustom…to(使习惯于)confine…to(限于…范围内)dedicate…to（奉献）prefer…to（喜欢）Owe…to（归功于）专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第23页!besimilarto（类似）beloyalto（忠于）besuperiorto（优于、胜过）answerto（回答、答复）

keyto（解答，关键）Accordingto（根据，按照）Asto（关于）Thanksto（由于，多亏）Inadditionto（除…之外）专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第24页!

七（二）现在分词

现在分词的形式跟动名词一样:-ing过去分词的形式:-ed.现在分词表示“主动”、“进行”。过去分词表示“被动”、“完成”。主动语态：doing（一般式），

havingdone（完成式）被动语态：beingdone（一般式）,havingbeendone（完成式）专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第25页!下列结构后面通常接ing形式:

haveahardtimedoing…havedifficulty(in)doing…havetrouble（in）doing…havefun(in)doing…thereisnopoint(in)doing…takerisks(in)doing…takepleasure(in)doing…takepride(in)doing…专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第26页!分词独立结构分词的逻辑主语与谓语动词主语不一致时，分词必须有自己的主语。这种带主语的分词结构叫做分词的独立结构。独立主格选择题的特点：

句中两个部分各有主语，之间用逗号分开，中间没有任何连接词。专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第27页!悬垂分词是一种具有独立性的分词，在句中做状语时，它的逻辑主语不必与句子主语保持一致。Regarding…,Concerning…,Judgingfrom…,Considering…,Generallyspeaking…,Admitting(that)…,专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第28页!分词练习：

Allflights_________becauseofthesnowstorm,wedecidedtotakethetrain.A.werebeingcanceledB.havingcanceledC.hadbeencanceledD.havingbeencanceled专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第29页!Allthings____,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.A)consideredB)beconsideredC)consideringD)havingconsidered专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第30页!____,amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidlythanamanwhosemandoflanguageispoor.A)OtherthingsbeingequalB)WereotherthingsequalC)TobeequaltootherthingsD)Otherthingstobeequal专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第31页!It____nowprettylate,wetookourthingstoourroom.A)isB)beingC)turnedD)got专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第32页!Thelab____nextyearwillbemoreadvancedthantheoldone.A)builtB)tobebuiltC)beingbuiltD)tobuild专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第33页!Iforgot____herthatmycoatbuttonsneedtobesewnon.A.remindingB.havingremindedC.toremindD.tohaveremindedAsweapproachedthevillagewesawmanynewhouses___________.A.builtB.buildC.beingbuiltD.building专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第34页!与过去事实相反条件从句：IfI(we,you,he,she,it,they)had+过去分词结果主句：I(we,you,he,it,they)+would+have+过去分词Ifwehadleftearlier,wewouldn’thavemissedthetrain.专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第35页!总结：总结：If从句主句与现在事实相反一般过去时/wereWould/should/could/might+动原与过去事实相反过去完成时Would/should/could/might+have+过去分词与将来事实相反或将来不可可能实现一般过去时或should/wereto+动原Would/should/could/might+动原专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第36页!衍生句型：Itis+V-ed+that从句：Itissuggestedthat…（should)+动词原形Itisinsistedthat…Itisrequestedthat…Itisremendedthat…Itisproposedthat…Itisrequiredthat…Itisadvisedthat…Itisorderedthat…专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第37页!表示“请求、建议”等动词构成的名词后面的同位语从句，用虚拟语气。suggestion,advice,decision,desire,order,idea,proposal,request,resolution,request,remendation,requirement,

1.Hisdesireisthathe(should)visittheGreatWallsomeday.2.Wemadethesuggestionthatsuchdevice(should)bedesignedandproducedwithoutdelay.专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第38页!虚拟语气的特殊句型：2.wouldrather+that从句hadrather+that从句wouldsooner+that从句

“宁愿做什么”，从句用一般过去时或过去完成时。专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第39页!2.Wemuststopnow.Itistimewe____home.A)havegoneB)aregoingC)wentD)willgo专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第40页!Itwasessentialthattheapplicationform____backbeforethedeadline.A)mustbesentB)besentC)wouldbesentD)weresent专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第41页!九、定语从句只用that不用which的情况：当先行词是all,something,nothing等不定代词；或先行词前有first,last,only,few,much,some,any,no等修饰时；或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时。

Ihaveexplainedeverything(that)Icandotoyou.Thisisthemostbeautifulcampus(that)I’veeverbeento.专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第42页!关系代词可以做介词的宾语，that不可以，只能是which或whom。

Thisistheringonwhichshespent$1,000.I’llneverforgetthemountainvillagewhere(inwhich)Ispentmychildhood.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hedidthat.

专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第43页!时态练习：David___thegolfclubfor2years.A.hasjoinedB.hasbeenC.joinedD.hasbeeninYesterdaywhenweleft,they___ameeting.A.werehavingB.haveC.arehavingD.hadIfit___nextSunday,wewon’tgotothepark.A.rainsB.rainC.rainingD.willrain专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第44页!Whenwearrivedattheairport,weweretoldourflight_______.A.hadbeencancelledB.hadcancelledC.hasbeencancelledD.cancelled3.Hisgrandfather___forquitesomeyears.A.haddiedB.hasbeendiedC.hasbeendeadD.isdeath专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第45页!He_____inasmallworkshop,butnowheistheheadofabigbusinesspany.A.usedtoworkingB.wasusedtoworkC.usedtoworkD.wasusedtoworkingMygrandpa_________rurallife.A.hasusedtoB.usedtoC.isusedtoD.usesto专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第46页!形式：be+donewillbedonehave/hadbeendonebebeingdone1.Hewashitbyacaryesterday.2.Anoticewillbeputuponthewall.3.Thatimportantproblemhasbeendiscussedfornearlytwoweeks.4.Anewlakeisbeingbuiltinthepark.专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第47页!用主动结构表示被动含义的情况：

（1）read,write,wash,cook,keep,open,sell等常和well,easily,smoothly等连用，用主动形式表示被动意义。1.Theclothwasheswell.2.Inhotweather,meatwon’tkeeplong.专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第48页!（4）某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。

1.Heishardtoplease.2.Thearticleisdifficulttounderstand.sth.+be+easy/hard/difficult+todo专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第49页!语态练习：Theanti-JapaneseWar____in1937.

A)

brokeoutB)wasbrokenoutC)hadbrokenoutD)washappenedThework____bythetimeyougethere.A)wouldhavebeendoneB)willhavebeendoneC)wouldhavedoneD)hasbeendone专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第50页!TheUnitedKingdom____GreatBritainandNorthernIreland.A.consistedofB.isconsistedofC.consistsofD.consistTherearemorethanfiftyproposals___attheconference.A.discussedB.tobediscussedC.discussingD.havingdiscussed专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第51页!四、倒装1、当否定词置于句首时，主谓倒装。否定词有：Never,not,nowhere,little,seldom,Hardly,scarcely,rarely,Notonly,nolonger,notuntil,Innoway,bynomeans,onnoaccount,In/undernocircumstances,innocase,专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第52页!3、条件句中有were,had,should,could时,可以省略if，把were/had/should/could放在主语前。Ifhehadstudiedmore,hewouldhavebeenabletopasstheexam.

→Hadhestudiedmore,hewouldhavebeenabletopasstheexam.专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第53页!

4、only+状语放在句首时。

OnlythendidtheynoticethatSusanwassittinginthedark.5、当so…that或such…that结构中的so/such放在句首时。

Sobeautifulisthesceneryofmyhometownthateachyearitattractsthousandsoftourists.专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第54页!五、比较结构表达方式原级的表达：as…as,notso/as…as比较级的比较范围通过than表达。最高级的比较范围通过among,of,in等表达。1.ofthetwoT-shirts,Ichosethelessexpensive.专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第55页!比较结构中的替代：By2011,productionintheareaisexpectedtodouble_____of2010.A.thatB.itC.oneD.what专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第56页!六、主谓一致就近原则：由or,neither…nor,either…or,notonly…butalso等连接的并列主语。1)Eitherheoryoulikeplayingfootball.2)Eitheryouorhelikesplayingfootball.therebe结构1)ThereisaspeakerandmanystudentsinRoomA209.2)TherearemanystudentsandaspeakerinRoomA209.专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第57页!

由morethanone…或者manya…作主语，表示“许多”，但谓语动词要用单数。1)Morethanonestudenthaspassedtheexamination.2)Manyaboylearnstoswimbeforehecanread.“oneof+复数名词＋定语从句”：复数。“theonlyoneof+复数名词＋定语从句”：单数1)SheisoneoftheengineerswhoaregoodatEnglish.2)SheistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhoisgoodatEnglish.

专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第58页!七(一）不定式后面+todo的动词:(后面接不定式做宾语）

afford,agree,ask,choose,claim,decide,desire,determine,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,decline,seek,swear,wish,aim,long,strive,tend,fail,think,threaten,care,hate,prepare,undertake,help,want,hesitate,propose,plan,seem;专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第59页!动词+how/what/where/which/when/why+todo有些动词后面跟不定式时，不定式前需要加疑问词，如how,when,why,where,whether,which等。

这些动词有：know,wonder,findout,guess,discuss等。专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第60页!在“名词（代词）+be+easy(difficult,fit)+不定式”结构中，有时尽管句中主语是动作的承受者，不定式在意义上是被动的，形式上却是主动的。Thebookisdifficulttoread.Thepathiseasytofind.

（参见被动语态部分）专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第61页!donothingbut/except…doanything/everythingbut/except…1.mysistercoulddonothingelsebutreadbooks.

当but/except前没有do时，后面则接todosth2.Ihadnochoicebuttogowithhim.注：有do没to,没do有to.专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第62页!

beaccustomedto（惯于）beusedto（习惯于，适应于）bedevotedto（致力于）lookforwardto（盼望）

专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第63页!固定搭配练习：1.Youmustaccustomyourselfto___(get)upearly.2.Wearelookingforwardto_____(see)youagain.3.Heusedto_____(smoke)apipe.

专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第64页!下列结构后面通常接ing形式：

itisnouse+doingsth.itisnogood+doingsth.itisnohelp+doingsth.Itisnotworth+doingsth.

it作形式主语，动名词做真正的主语。

但在itisofnouse后面则用动词不定式。例如：Itisofnousetocryoverspiltmilk.

专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第65页!后面加doing的常见动词有：avoid,admit,delay,enjoy,risk,finish,mind,miss,imagine,suggest,keep,deny,postpone,appreciate,giveup,beopposedto,putoff,devote…to,feellike,lookforwardto,beaccustomedto,beusedto,objectto,can’thelp,专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第66页!分词的独立结构例句：

Nightfalling,wehurriedhome.=Whenthenightfell,…(表时间）Thetrainbeinglate,wemissedourplane.=Becausethetrainwaslate,…(表原因）Weatherpermitting,we’llhavethematchtomorrow.=Ifweatherpermits,…(表条件）专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第67页!Judgingfromthenumberofcars,therewerenotmanyguestsintherestaurant.

从汽车的数量来看，饭店里的人不多。

Consideringhisage,hedidagoodjob.

就他的年龄而言，他做得很不错。专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第68页!AsanEnglishsayinggoes:It’snouse___________overspiltmilk.A.tobecryingB.tocryC.cryingD.cried专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第69页!Youwillseethisproduct____whereveryougo.A)tobeadvertisedB)advertisedC)advertiseD)advertising专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第70页!Theeditorial____nowwillappearintomorrow'snewspaper.

A)writingB)towriteC)beingwrittenD)write专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第71页!Iunderstoodyouwerethird-yearstudents____inEnglish.A)whomajorsB)whomajoris

C)havemajoredD)majoring专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第72页!Thoughsmall,theroomisfortable___.A.toliveB.toliveinC.livinginD.liveinWeweresurprisedat___theexam.A.himnotpassB.hispassingnotC.hisnotpassingD.himnottopassThedecision____,whatistobedonenowishowtocarryitout.A.beenmadeB.hasbeenmadeC.havingbeenmadeD.havingbeenmaking专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第73页!八、虚拟语气与现在事实相反条件从句：IfI(we,you,he,she,it,they)+动词过去式(be动词的过去式一律用were)结果主句：I(we,you,he,it,they)+would+动词原型

Hewouldn’tfeelsocoldifhewereindoors.专升本考试辅导语法共83页，您现在浏览的是第74页!与将来时间相反条件从句：were+不定式/

一般过去式/should+动词原型结果主句：would(should)+动词原型Ifshewereto