过去分词作定语、表语、宾补

Grammar动词-ed形式作定语、表语、宾语补足语在句中成分主宾表宾补定状不定式分词动名词√√√√√√√√√√XX√√√√XX√√√√√√√√√XX√√√√√√√√√√√XX二、非谓语动词的句法功能【考点一】考查非谓语动词的时态和语态

非谓语动词时态主动语态被动语态动词不定式一般时(表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生,或在其后发生)todotobedone进行时(表示动作和谓语动作同时发生)tobedoing完成时(表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)tohavedonetohavebeendone动名词一般时(通常表示一般性的动作或与谓语动作同时发生)doingbeingdone完成时(动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前)havingdonehavingbeendone现在分词一般时(表示分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生)doingbeingdone完成时(表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前)havingdonehavingbeendone过去分词过去分词无人称和数的变化,也没有时态和语态的变化doneThisisthetelephonedesignedintheearlytime.

anamphibiouscar

Iwasexcitedatthenewinvention.Stephenson’s

“Rocket”

Stephenson’sinventionmadeallofussurprised.

过去分词作定语实际上相当于一个形容词,表示“完成”的动作,还表示“被动”的意义。如： icedbeer(冰冻啤酒)； cookedfood(熟食); friedchips(炸土豆条);一、动词-ed形式作定语

但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义。如:

fallenleaves(落叶)

therisensun(升起的太阳)等。

现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义．现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或完成．

amovingmovie感人的电影movedaudience被感动的观众boilingwater正在烧(煮沸)的水boiledwater已煮沸的水developingcountries反展中国家developedcountries发达国家fallingleaves落叶(正在进行)fallenleaves落叶(已经完成)

单个分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面;分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。

1.Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.

4.Thechild

standing

overthereismybrother.我会找规则

2.Hesavedaboyfromaburninghouse.3.Pricesofdailygoodsboughtthroughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.高考链接Mostoftheartists_____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.(MET90)A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited2)Mr.Smith,____ofthespeech,startedtoreada____novel.(2003北京春)A.tired,boringB.tiring,boredC.tired,boredD.tiring,boringA

A

过去分词作表语表明主语的感受或所处的状态。如：

Thecupisbroken.茶杯破了。Heisretired.他已退休。Nowonderhewassoexcited.【注意】现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别：现在分词作表语表示主语的性质和特征，意为“令人…的”,具有主动含义，意味着“起这种作用”Theworkwastiring.过去分词作表语表示主语的状态或心理感受,意为“感到…的”,具有被动含义，意味着“受这种影响”Theworkersweresoontired.翻译：(1)ThebookisinterestingandI‘minterestedinit.(2)Whenweheardofthemoving

story,weweredeeplymoved．二、过去分词作表语

disappointamusing

amused

amuseconfusing

confused

confuseinspired

inspiring

inspiresurprised

surprising

surprise

shocking

shocked

shock1.Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.A.waslosingB.gotlosingC.grewlostD.gotlostDC2.Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparentsare_____him.

A.disappointed;disappointedatB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingby

三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语

过去分词作宾语补足语可以表示完成意义的行为或状态。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：Shefoundthedoorbroken

inwhenshecameback.Mygrandfatherhadhisoldhouserebuilt.

(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,think,suppose,consider等。IheardthesongsunginEnglish.Theyconsideredthemattersettled.

(2)动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括make,get,have,keep,leave,hold等。

Ihavemyhaircutonceamonth.Hewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood.

(3)动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like，want,wish,expect,order等。学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。ThestudentswishtheTVserialplayscontinued.

(4)过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。小偷被带进来了，双手被反绑在后面。Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.Thenextmorningshefoundtheman____inbed,dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying2.--Thereisaholeinyourbag.--Iknow.I’mgoingtohaveit______.A.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended

Practice

A

C

Aboy

(call)Tomwenttothecinemaonenight.Itwas

ahorrorfilm,buthewas

(interest)init.Althoughthefilmwas

(frighten),hefelt

(excite).Afterthefilm,the

(tire)boycamebackhome.On

(arrive)home,hefoundoneofhiswindows(break)andaman

(lie)atthedoor.Thedoorremained

(lock),butthemanknockedatitveryhard.Tomrecognizedthathewasaneighbour

(know)as“frequentlydrunk”.Theboyopenedthedoorandmadeacupofteaforthedrunk.Laterthemanbecamesober.Whenherealizedwhathadhappened,hefelt

(embarrass).Hepromisedtohavethewindow(mend)andgiveup

(drink),thenhewenthome