国际经济学-试卷0607计统其中考试答案

1．71）特定要素模型中的资本属于特定要素，在国际贸易后，资本相对丰裕的2）HO模型中，不存在特定要素。短期看，资本相对丰裕的国家的资本密集型产品行5分。2．6分里昂惕夫悖论：Leontief发现 3．7HO理论预测的贸易模式与实际贸易模式会有偏离。－2分HO理论的基本结论不受影响。HO定理基本成立－2分要素价格均等化效应不能实现，但仍然是一种趋势。－3分44．8

MPLn MPLMPL1w1w2Laborin

LaborinReductioninthepriceoffoodshiftthevaluemarginalproductivitycurveoffoodfromMPL-1to TheequilibriumlaborallocationshiftsfromL-1toL-2andthewagefallfromw1tow2.Labordeclinesinfoodandincreasesinmanufactures. TheUSwageratefalls,althoughbylessthanthedeclineinthepriceoffood.4445．45.1CountryAwillproduceandexporttomato,fortheproducingoftomatoinAhasabsoluteadvantage.WhileBproduceandexportwheat. 2分WecanillustratethebenefitfromtradeinPPFgraph33CountryAwillproduceandexportsthegoodsthatitcanproducecheaperthanB,forwhichaLAwA<aLBwB,i.e.,forwhichtherelativelaborrequirementaLA/aLBislessthan1/5.Thus,AwillexportcornandavocadostoBwhileBwillexporttomatoes,applesandwheattoAthisrelativewage12AtanygivenpricetherelativedemandofenergyintheUSdecline.Thisimpliesadecreaseinthedesiredlevelofimportsandcorrespondinglyadecreaseinthedesiredlevelofexports.要点：相对的意愿进口减少，导致相应的出口减少。2分2

USOffercurve-

USOffercurve4

RoWOffer

USOffercurve-USOffercurve-Theinternationalrelativepriceformanufacturingtoenergyincreases.ThetradeequilibriumshiftsalongtheRoWoffercurvefromT1toT2,implyingacontractionoftrade,withlessimportsandlessexportsinbothcountries.14分 Theproductionpossibilityfrontierhasnotbeenaffected. TheincreaseintherelativepriceofmanufacturingimpliesadeclineintheRoW’stermsoftrade.ThedeclineinthetermsoftradeinduceashiftinproductionfromQ-1toQ-2,implyinglessproductionofenergyandmoreofmanufacturing.WelfaredeclinefromW-1toW-2. 1P=P*,ACnF/S同时根据Q=S×[1/n– (P–所以Q=S×（1/n）+b×S×P* –b×S×P令S×（1/n）+b×S×P*＝aQ=a–b×S×P所以MRab×S)-2Qb×S)=PQP=P*,MR=P-而根据MR=MC,P-1/n×b=c 根据AC=nF/S+c，P=1/（n×b）+c 所以n=(S/Fb)1/2推导占6 济下，本国：b＝1/30000,F= N=80*(10)1/2.P=3500+375/(