selenium从入门到精通-webdriver实用指南-java

titlesendkeysbuttonbuttonRemoteimportpublicclassStartBrowser{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]{WebDriverdr=new}}close方法关闭当前的浏览器窗口，quit方法不仅关闭窗口，还会彻底的退出的close，quit会更好的释放资源，适合强迫症和完美主义者。importpublicclassCloseBrowser{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]{WebDriverdr=newChromeDriver();System.out.println("browserwillbeclosed");System.out.println("browseris}}importpublicclassize{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throws{WebDriverdr=newChromeDriver();System.out.println("izebrowser");System.out.println("browserwillbeclose");}}sikuli操作flash；importpublicclassCloseBrowser{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]{WebDriverdr=newChromeDriver();System.out.println("browserwillbeclosed");System.out.println("browseris}}webdriver的api里有2种url的方式，分别是get和navigate.to方法。一般情况下建议使用get，因为其字母比较少，不太容易出错。importpublicclassGet{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throws{WebDriverdr=newChromeDriver();Stringurl= System.out.printf("nowaccesss%s\n",url);System.out.println("browserwillbeclose");}}title测试中，1个页面然后判断其title是否符合预期是很常见的1个用例，所谓用例不够，title1title是'oworld',那么可以写这样的一个用例：该页面，获取该页面的title，判断获取的值是否等于'oworld'。这时系统会自动对这个url进行跳转，这就是所谓的'重定向'。一般测试重定向urlurlimportpublicclassTitleAndUrl{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throws{WebDriverdr=newChromeDriver();Stringurl="ht System.out.printf("nowaccesss%s\n",url);System.out.printf("titleofcurrentpageis%s\n",dr.getTitle());System.out.printf("urlofcurrentpageis%s\n",dr.getCurrentUrl());System.out.println("browserwillbeclose");}}回跳转，省去每次都geturl。importpublicclassForwardAndBack{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throws{WebDriverdr=newChromeDriver();StringfirstUrl="ht System.out.printf("nowaccesss%s\n",firstUrl);StringsecondUrl="h System.out.printf("nowaccesss%s\n",secondUrl);System.out.printf("nowbackto%s\n",firstUrl);System.out.printf("forwardto%s\n",secondUrl);System.out.println("browserwillbeclose");}}class，nameclasslinkpartiallinktagcsshtml代码<metahttp-equiv="content-type"content="text/html;charset=utf-8"<scripttype="text/javascript" href="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/css/bootbined.min.css"rel="stylesheet"/>src="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootst<h3>simplelogin<formclass="form-<divclass="control-<labelclass="control-label"for="input"><div<inputtype="text"id="input"placeholder=""name="<divclass="control-<labelclass="control-label"<div<inputtype="password"id="inputPassword"placeholder="Password"<divclass="control-<div<label<inputtype="checkbox">Remember<buttontype="submit"class="btn">Sign<ajava代码importimportimportorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;importimportorg.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;publicclassSimpleLocate{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throwsInterruptedExceptionWebDriverdr=newChromeDriver();Filefile=newFile("src/form.html");StringfilePath="file:///"+file.getAbsolutePath();System.out.printf("nowaccesss%s\n",filePath);//byid//byname//byStringclassOfForm=System.out.printf("%s\n",classOfForm);//bylinkWebElementlink=dr.findElement(By.linkText("register"));eIn()",link);//bypartiallinkWebElementsameLink=dr.findElement(By.partialLinkText("reg"));eIn()",sameLink);//bycssWebElementdiv=dr.findElement(By.cssSelector(".controls"));eIn()",div);//byxpathSystem.out.println("browserwillbeclose");}}上面例子里由于html文件中了jquery，所以在执行js时可以使用jquery的$fadeIn(jquery从上一节的例子中可以看出，webdriver可以很方便的使用findElement方法用findElements方法。定位出页面上所有的checkbox，然后选择最后一个<metahttp-equiv="content-type"content="text/html;charset=utf-8"<scripttype="text/javascript" href="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/css/bootbined.min.css"rel="stylesheet"/>src="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootst<div<formclass="form-<divclass="control-<labelclass="control-label"<div<inputtype="checkbox"id="c1"<divclass="control-<labelclass="control-label"<div<inputtype="checkbox"id="c2"<divclass="control-<labelclass="control-label"<div<inputtype="checkbox"id="c3"<divclass="control-<labelclass="control-label"<div<inputtype="radio"id="r"importimportimportimportorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;importimportorg.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;publicclassSimpleLocate{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throws{WebDriverdr=newFilefile=newStringfilePath="file:///"+file.getAbsolutePath();System.out.printf("nowaccesss%s\n",filePath);List<WebElement>checkboxes=for(WebElementcheckbox:checkboxes){}//打印当前页面上有多少个checkboxList<WebElement>inputsdr.findElements(By.tagName("input"));for(WebElementinput:}}List<WebElement>allCheckboxes=allCheckboxes.get(allCheckboxes.size()-1).click();System.out.println("browserwillbeclose");}}checkbox.html必须与find_elments.rb在同一 linktext，hrefullink1Anotheraction这个选项。<metahttp-equiv="content-type"content="text/html;charset=utf-8"<title>Level<scripttype="text/javascript" href="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/css/bootbined.min.css"rel="stylesheet"/><h3>Level<div<div<div<aclass="dropdown-toggle"data-toggle="dropdown"<ulclass="dropdown- "role=" "aria-labelledby="dLabel"id="dropdown1"><li><atabindex="-1"<li><atabindex="-1"href="#">Another<li><atabindex="-1"href="#">Somethingelse<li<li><atabindex="-1"href="#">Separated<div<div<div<aclass="dropdown-toggle"data-toggle="dropdown"<ul " "aria-labelledby="dLabel"<li><atabindex="-1"<li><atabindex="-1"href="#">Another<li><atabindex="-1"href="#">Somethingelse<li<li><atabindex="-1"href="#">Separatedsrc="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootstimportimportorg.openqa.selenium.By;importimportorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;importimportorg.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;publicclassLevelLocate{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throws{WebDriverdr=newFilefile=newStringfilePath="file:///"+file.getAbsolutePath();System.out.printf("nowaccesss%s\n",filePath);(newWebDriverWait(dr,10)).until(newExpectedCondition<Boolean>(){publicBooleanapply(WebDriverd){returnd.findElement(By.id("dropdown1")).isDisplayed();}} (newActions(dr)).moveToElement( System.out.println("browserwillbeclose");}}click点击对象sendKeysclear<metahttp-equiv="content-type"content="text/html;charset=utf-8"<title>Level<scripttype="text/javascript" href="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/css/bootbined.min.css"rel="stylesheet"/><h3>Level<div<div<div<aclass="dropdown-toggle"data-toggle="dropdown"<ulclass="dropdown-"role=""aria-labelledby="dLabel"id="dropdown1"><li><atabindex="-1"<li><atabindex="-1"href="#">Another<li><atabindex="-1"href="#">Somethingelse<li<li><atabindex="-1"href="#">Separated<div<div<div<aclass="dropdown-toggle"data-toggle="dropdown"<ul " "aria-labelledby="dLabel"<li><atabindex="-1"<li><atabindex="-1"href="#">Another<li><atabindex="-1"href="#">Somethingelse<li<li><atabindex="-1"href="#">Separatedsrc="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootstimportimportimportorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;importpublicclassOperateElement{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throws{WebDriverdr=newFilefile=newFile("src/operate_element.html");StringfilePath="file:///"+file.getAbsolutePath();System.out.printf("nowaccesss%s\n",filePath);//click//WebElementelement=dr.findElement(B("q"));//clearSystem.out.println("browserwillbeclose");}}sendkeys<metahttp-equiv="content-type"content="text/html;charset=utf-8"<title>send<scripttype="text/javascript" href="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/css/bootbined.min.css"rel="stylesheet"/><h3>send<divclass="row-<div<div<textarearows="10",cols="10"id="A">Ithinkwatir-webdriverisbetterthanselenium-webdriver</textarea><div<div<textarearows="10",cols="10"src="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootstimportimportorg.openqa.selenium.By;importorg.openqa.selenium.Keys;publicclassSendKeys{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throws{WebDriverdr=newFilefile=newStringfilePath="file:///"+file.getAbsolutePath();System.out.printf("nowaccesss%s\n",filePath);//copycontentofdr.findElement(By.id("A")).sendKeys(Keys.chord(Keys.CONTROL+"a"));dr.findElement(By.id("A")).sendKeys(Keys.chord(Keys.CONTROL+"x"));//pastetoBdr.findElement(By.id("B")).sendKeys(Keys.chord(Keys.CONTROL+"v"));//SendKeystoAdr.findElement(By.id("A")).sendKeys(Keys.chord("watirwebdriverisbetterthanseleniumwebdriver"));System.out.println("browserwillbeclose");}}是先找到buttongroup的包裹(wrapper)div，然后通过层级定位，用index下面的代码演示了如何找到second这个按钮。其处理方法是先找到buttongroupdiv，classbtn-groupdivdiv(也就是button)，返回text是second的div。<metahttp-equiv="content-type"content="text/html;charset=utf-8"<title>button<scripttype="text/javascript" href="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/css/bootbined.min.css"rel="stylesheet"/><script$(<h3>button<divclass="row-<div<div<divclass="btn-<divclass="btn-<div<div<divsrc="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootstimportjava.io.File;importorg.openqa.selenium.By;importorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;importpublicclassButtonGroup{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throws{WebDriverdr=newFilefile=newStringfilePath="file:///"+file.getAbsolutePath();System.out.printf("nowaccesss%s\n",filePath);List<WebElement>btnsfor(WebElementbtn}}System.out.println("browserwillbeclose");}}buttonlinktext为watir-webdriver的link，并点击之。<metahttp-equiv="content-type"content="text/html;charset=utf-8"<title>button<scripttype="text/javascript" href="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/css/bootbined.min.css"rel="stylesheet"/><script$(<h3>button<divclass="row-<div<div<divclass="btn-<divclass="btn-<div<div<divsrc="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootstimportimportorg.openqa.selenium.By;importimportorg.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;publicclassButtonDropdown{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throws{WebDriverdr=newFilefile=newFile("src/button_dropdown.html");StringfilePath="file:///"+file.getAbsolutePath();System.out.printf("nowaccesss%s\n",filePath);(newWebDriverWait(dr,10)).until(new{publicBooleanapply(WebDriverreturn } System.out.println("browserwillbeclose");}}ullilink基本就能解决问题。代<metahttp-equiv="content-type"content="text/html;charset=utf-8"<scripttype="text/javascript" href="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/css/bootbined.min.css"rel="stylesheet"/><script$().ready($('.nav').find('li').click(function()}<divclass="row-<div<ulclass="navnav-<li<a<li><a<li><asrc="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootstimportjava.io.File;importorg.openqa.selenium.By;importorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;importpublicclassNavs{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throws{WebDriverdr=newChromeDriver();Filefile=newFile("src/navs.html");StringfilePath="file:///"+file.getAbsolutePath();System.out.printf("nowaccesss%s\n",filePath);//方法1：层级定位，先定位ulli//方法2:直接定位linkSystem.out.println("browserwillbeclose");}}代<metahttp-equiv="content-type"content="text/html;charset=utf-8"<scripttype="text/javascript" href="/ bined.min.css"rel="stylesheet"/><script$().ready(}<divclass="row-<div<ul<li><ahref="#">Home</a><span<li><ahref="#">Library</a><span<lisrc="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootstimportjava.io.File;importimportorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;importpublicclassBreadcrumb{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throwsInterruptedExceptionWebDriverdr=newFilefile=newStringfilePath="file:///"+file.getAbsolutePath();System.out.printf("nowaccesss%s\n",filePath);List<WebElement>ancestors=for(WebElementlinkancestors){}WebElementcurrent=System.out.println("browserwillbeclose");}}处处框场框是一个iframe，处理起来有点麻烦，需要进行switch_to处理框一般会做下面的一些事情打开关闭<metahttp-equiv="content-type"content="text/html;charset=utf-8"<scripttype="text/javascript" href="/ bined.min.css"rel="stylesheet"/><script$($(this).parent().find('p').text('trywatir-webdriverright<divclass="row-<div<!--Buttontotriggermodal--<ahref="#myModal"role="button"class="btnbtn-primary"data-toggle="modal"id="show_modal">Click</a><!--Modal--<divid="myModal"class="modalhidefade"tabindex="-1"role="dialog"aria-labelledby="myModalLabel"aria-hidden="true"><divclass="modal-<buttontype="button"class="close"data-dismiss="modal"<h3id="myModalLabel">Modal<divclass="modal-<p>watir-webdriverisbetterthanslenium-<ahref="#"id="click">click<divclass="modal-<buttonclass="btn"data-dismiss="modal"<buttonclass="btnbtn-primary">Savesrc="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootstimportjava.io.File;importimportorg.openqa.selenium.Keys;importorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;importimportimportorg.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;publicclassModal{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throws{WebDriverdr=newChromeDriver();Filefile=newFile("src/modal.html");StringfilePath="file:///"+file.getAbsolutePath();System.out.printf("nowaccesss%s\n",filePath);//打开框(newWebDriverWait(dr,10)).until(new{publicBooleanapply(WebDriver{return}}//点 框中的//由于 clickable的错误//在watir-webdriver中只需要fire_event(:click)就可以了WebElementlink=System.out.println("browserwillbeclose");}}法可以获取dom元素(测试对象)的属性。中，使用element.getText()方法可以返回dom节点的内容(text)。代<metahttp-equiv="content-type"content="text/html;charset=utf-8"<scripttype="text/javascript" href="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/css/bootbined.min.css"rel="stylesheet"/><script$($('#tooltip').tooltip({"placement":<divclass="row-<div<aid="tooltip"href="#"data-toggle="tooltip"title="watir-webdriverbetterthanselenium-webdriver">hovertoseetooltip</a>src="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootstimportjava.io.File;importjava.util.List;importimportorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;importpublicclassAttribute{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throws{WebDriverdr=newFilefile=newStringfilePath="file:///"+file.getAbsolutePath();System.out.printf("nowaccesss%s\n",filePath);WebElementlink=tooltip//获取该的textSystem.out.println("browserwillbeclose");}}当你的测试用例纠结需要通过判断元素的css属性来验证你定的就是css了，css变动频繁，而且通过属性也不能直观的判断页面的显示效果，代<metahttp-equiv="content-type"content="text/html;charset=utf-8"<scripttype="text/javascript" href="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/css/bootbined.min.css"rel="stylesheet"/><script$($('#tooltip').tooltip({"placement":<divclass="row-<div<aid="tooltip"href="#"data-toggle="tooltip"title="watir-webdriverbetterthanselenium-webdriver">hovertoseetooltip</a>src="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootstimportimportimportimportorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;importpublicclassCss{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throws{WebDriverdr=newChromeDriver();Filefile=newFile("src/css.html");StringfilePath="file:///"+file.getAbsolutePath();System.out.printf("nowaccesss%s\n",filePath);WebElementlink=dr.findElement(By.id("tooltip"));System.out.println("browserwillbeclose");}}使用element.isSelected()方法；<metahttp-equiv="content-type"content="text/html;charset=utf-8"<scripttype="text/javascript" href="/ bined.min.css"rel="stylesheet"/><script$($('#tooltip').tooltip({"placement":<divclass="row-<div<inputname="user"placeholder="DisabledTextField"disabled<div<aclass="btndisabled">Disabled<div<inputname="radio"type="radio"src="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootstimportjava.io.File;importimportorg.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;importorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;importpublicclassStatus{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throws{WebDriverdr=newFilefile=newStringfilePath="file:///"+file.getAbsolutePath();System.out.printf("nowaccesss%s\n",filePath);WebElementtextField=dr.findElement(B("user"));//判断其是否显示WebElementradio=dr.findElement(B("radio"));try{}e){System.out.println("elementdoesnot}System.out.println("browserwillbeclose");}}讨在这里我们遇到了一种情况，那就是测试对象看上去是disabled，但是使用通过这些值去进一步判断对象是否disable。<metahttp-equiv="content-type"content="text/html;charset=utf-8"<scripttype="text/javascript" href="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/css/bootbined.min.css"rel="stylesheet"/><script$(alert('watir-webdriverisbetterthanselenium<divclass="row-<divclass="span6<label<inputtype="checkbox">Checkme<label<inputtype="radio">select<label</select>selectone<inputtype="submit"class="btn"value="submit"src="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootstimportjava.io.File;importorg.openqa.selenium.By;importorg.openqa.selenium.Keys;importorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;importpublicclassForm{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throws{WebDriverdr=newChromeDriver();Filefile=newFile("src/form.html");StringfilePath="file:///"+file.getAbsolutePath();System.out.printf("nowaccesss%s\n",filePath);//选中checkbox//选中radioList<WebElement>options=options.get(options.size()-1).click();//点击提交按钮Alertalert=dr.switchTo().alert();System.out.println("browserwillbeclose");}}代<metahttp-equiv="content-type"content="text/html;charset=utf-8"<scripttype="text/javascript" href="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/css/bootbined.min.css"rel="stylesheet"/><script$($('#tooltip').tooltip({"placement":<divclass="row-<divclass="span6<aid="tooltip"href="#"data-toggle="tooltip"title="watir-webdriverbetterthanselenium-webdriver">hovertoseetooltip</a><asrc="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootstimportjava.io.File;importorg.openqa.selenium.By;importorg.openqa.selenium.Keys;importorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;importpublicclassJs{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throws{WebDriverdr=newChromeDriver();Filefile=newStringfilePath="file:///"+file.getAbsolutePath();System.out.printf("nowaccesss%s\n",filePath);//在页面上直接执行jsWebElementbutton=dr.findElement(By.className("btn"));System.out.println("browserwillbeclose");}}是使用switch_to.alert()方法定位到alert/confirm/prompt。然后使用text/accept/dismiss/send_keys按需进行操做<metahttp-equiv="content-type"content="text/html;charset=utf-8"<scripttype="text/javascript" href="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/css/bootbined.min.css"rel="stylesheet"/><script$($('#tooltip').tooltip({"placement":alert('watir-webdriverbetterthanselenium-<divclass="row-<divclass="span6<aid="tooltip"href="#"data-toggle="tooltip"title="watir-webdriverbetterthanselenium-webdriver">hovertoseetooltip</a>src="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootstimportjava.io.File;importorg.openqa.selenium.By;importorg.openqa.selenium.Keys;importorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;importpublicclassAlertExample{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throws{WebDriverdr=newChromeDriver();Filefile=newFile("src/alert.html");StringfilePath="file:///"+file.getAbsolutePath();System.out.printf("nowaccesss%s\n",filePath);//点击弹出alertAlertalert=dr.switchTo().alert();System.out.println("browserwillbeclose");}}场的操作。另外页面加载时有可能会执行一些ajax，这时候也需要去WebDriverWaituntilajax的请求执行完毕。publicWebDriverWait(WebDriverdriver,longpublicWebDriverWait(WebDriverdriver,longtimeOutInSeconds,longsleepInMillis)WebDriverdriverlongtimeOutInSeconds另外要注意的是，默认情况下，unitl中的NotFoundException会被忽略，但是其他异常还是正常的。你可以通过ignoring(exceptionstoadd)自己定义需代下面代码演示了点击按钮后如何等待label这个例子其实没有前面的下拉菜<metahttp-equiv="content-type"content="text/html;charset=utf-8"<scripttype="text/javascript" href="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/css/bootbined.min.css"rel="stylesheet"/><script$($('<p><span<divclass="row-<divclass="span6<buttonclass="btnbtn-primary"id="btn"src="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootstimportjava.io.File;importorg.openqa.selenium.By;importorg.openqa.selenium.Keys;importorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;importimportimportorg.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;publicclassWaitExample{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throws{WebDriverdr=newChromeDriver();Filefile=newFile("src/wait.html");StringfilePath="file:///"+file.getAbsolutePath();System.out.printf("nowaccesss%s\n",filePath);(newWebDriverWait(dr,10)).until(new{publicBooleanapply(WebDriverd)return}System.out.println("browserwillbeclose");}}switchTo.defaultContent()WebElement，frameStringid,frame我们可以从frame的实质去理解。frame中实际上是嵌入了另一个页面，而webdriverswitch_to.frame取frame中嵌入的页面，对那个页面里的元素进行定位。代码的frame，该frame加载了的首页<metahttp-equiv="content-type"content="text/html;charset=utf-8"<scripttype="text/javascript" href="/ bined.min.css"rel="stylesheet"/><script$(<divclass="row-<divclass="span10<iframeid="f1"src="inner.html"width="800",src="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootst<metahttp-equiv="content-type"content="text/html;charset=utf-8"<divclass="row-<divclass="span6<iframeid="f2"src="ht "width="700"<ahref="javascript:alert('watir-webdriverbetterthanseleniumimportjava.io.File;importorg.openqa.selenium.By;importorg.openqa.selenium.Keys;importorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;importimportimportorg.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;publicclassFrame{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throws{WebDriverdr=newChromeDriver();Filefile=newFile("src/frame.html");StringfilePath="file:///"+file.getAbsolutePath();System.out.printf("nowaccesss%s\n",filePath);//先到f1再到f2//往f2中的关键字文本框中输入内容//直接跳出所有frame//再到f1System.out.println("browserwillbeclose");}}讨假设页A、Bframe，BA内，那么定B中的内容则需要先你完全可以提出1个页面前端性能的缺陷;时放弃跟此frame相关的用例才是明智之举;场contextClickActionsaction=newActions(driver)讨代<metahttp-equiv="content-type"content="text/html;charset=utf-8"<scripttype="text/javascript" href="/-bootstrap/2.3.2/css/bootbined.min.css"rel=