河南省信阳市2021-2022学年高一英语下学期期中检测试题（含答案）

2021—2022学年普通高中高一下学期期中教学质量检测英语注意事项：1.答题前，务必在答题卷规定的地方填写自己的姓名、考号和座位号。2.答第I卷时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卷上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;答第II卷时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卷上书写，要求字体工整，笔迹清晰。在指定的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。3.满分150分，考试时间120分钟。第I卷(选择题，共100分)第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanoffertodo?A.Paintthedoors.B.Painttheceiling.C.Lookforajob.2.Wherearethespeakers?A.Athome.B.Inashop.C.Inarestaurant.3.Whattimeisthetrainleaving?A.At10:55.B.At10:35.C.At10:25.4.Howdoesthewomanfeelabouttheman?A.Pitying.B.Uninterested.C.Angry.5.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Goforabikeride.B.Playbasketball.C.Havearest.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。6.Whyisthewomanupset?A.She’snotsatisfiedwiththejob.B.Hermotherdisagreeswithherdecision.C.Shedoesn’thaveenoughtimeforstudies.7.What’stheman’sadvice?A.Quitthejob.B.Concentrateonstudies.C.Haveanhonesttalkwithhermother.听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10题。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Afamousfilm.B.Aweekendplan.C.Thebeautifulscenery.9.Whatdidthewomanintendtodoatfirst?A.Stayathome.B.Gotothecinema.C.Climbthemountain.10.Howdidthewomanfeelaboutclimbingintheend?A.Excited.B.Surprised.C.Worried.听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13题。11.Whenwillthemanneedthereports?A.Thisevening.B.Tomorrowmorning.C.Tomorrowafternoon.12.Whatkindofpersondoesthecompanywant?A.Anaccountant.B.Atypist.C.Asecretary.13.WhydoesLaurarecommendJanet?A.Janetisherschoolmate.B.Janethasworkingexperience.C.Janetlikestyping.听下面一段对话，回答第14至第16题。14.Howdidthewomanknowoftheapartment?A.Inthenewper.B.Onthewebsite.C.Fromherson’sclassmates.15.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheapartment?A.It’sniceandlargeenough.B.It’snicebutnotconvenient.C.It’sconvenientforherson.16.Howmuchwillthewomanpayeachmonth?A.¥2,600.B.¥2,200.C.¥1,800.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。17.HowistheBallHousedifferentfromtheSnoopycafé?A.Noneofthedogsarecaged.B.Youhavetobuyfoodfordogs.C.Ithelpscareforcustomers’dogs.18.WhatisPrincess?A.Thenameofacafé.B.Thenameofadog.C.Theownerofacafé.19.WhydoesLorilikegoingtotheSnoopycafé?A.Shelikesthefoodthere.B.Shecanhavecheapcoffee.C.Sheenjoysplayingwithadog.20.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Anewhomefordogs.B.Anewkindofcafé.C.Anewwaytoraisepets.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHealthiswealth,whichiswhymanyfocusonHealthandWell-beingserieseventsfromNewScientistevents.Speciallyrecommendedtalk:BrainPower:Everythingyouneedtoknowforahealthy,happybrainTime:3rdNovember;Thursday,6:00pm-7:00pmVenue:LiveonlineandondemandHighlights:Whatdoesitmeantohaveahealthy,happybrain?Themoreweunderstandaboutthehumanbrain,themorewearelearningaboutwhatwecandotokeepitinshapeandhealthyasweage.Inthistalk,CatherinedeLangewillshineaspotlightonthelatestscienceonbrainhealth,includingwhatweknowaboutpreventingcognitive(认知的)declineaswegetolderandwhatwecandoaboutimprovingourmentalwell-beingtoday.Shewillunpackthelatestunderstandingonthewaythatsleep,diet,exerciseandoursociallivesareveryimportantformaintainingourgraymatterandwillsharepracticaltipsandlifestylechangesthatcanproducelong-termbrainbenefits.ExtracontentfromNewScientistThenewHealthandWell-beingseriesfromNewScientisteventsfeaturefouronlinetalks(liveandavailableondemand):SleepEngineering(liveinSeptember),Nutrition(liveinOctober),BrainPower(liveinNovember)andLaughter(liveinDecember).Youcanpurchaseasingletickettoonelectureforjust£13,orsave25%offthestandardticketpricebypurchasingaseriestickettoall4talks.What’sincludedinyourticket:Livelecturelasting60minutesincludingQ&AwithCatherinedeLangeOn-demandaccesstoarecordingofthelectureandQ&Afor12months1.WhatdoesCatherinedeLange’slecturefocuson?A.Aslow-downinbrainaging.B.Agoodunderstandingofgraymatter.C.Approachestomasteringbrainresearch.D.Waystomaintainthebrainyoungforever.2.Whichmonth’slectureshouldyouattendtomakeyourdiethealthier?A.September. B.October. C.November. D.December.3.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoubuyaseriestickettoall4talks?A.£13. B.£25. C.£39. D.£52.【1~3题答案】【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章对“新科学家活动”中的健康系列讲座进行了介绍。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Highlights部分第三句“Inthistalk,CatherinedeLangewillshineaspotlightonthelatestscienceonbrainhealth,includingwhatweknowaboutpreventingcognitive(认知的)declineaswegetolderandwhatwecandoaboutimprovingourmentalwell-beingtoday.”(在这次讲座中，CatherinedeLange将聚焦于大脑健康的最新科学，包括随着年龄的增长，我们如何预防认知能力下降，以及我们今天可以做些什么来改善我们的心理健康。)可知，CatherinedeLange的讲座会集中在减缓大脑老化上。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“ExtracontentfromNewScientist”部分第一段中的“Nutrition(liveinOctober)”(营养（10月直播）)可知，为了改善饮食你应该参加十月份的讲座。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据“ExtracontentfromNewScientist”部分第二段“Youcanpurchaseasingletickettoonelectureforjust£13,orsave25%offthestandardticketpricebypurchasingaseriestickettoall4talks.”(你可以只花13英镑购买一张讲座的票，或者购买4场讲座的系列讲座票，可以在标准票价的基础上节省25%。)可知，购买4场讲座的系列讲座票应付39英镑。故选C。BHarveySuttonspentnearlysevenmonthshikingwithhisparents,walkingthethousandsofkilometersthatmakeupthecompleteAppalachianTrail.Harvey,or“littleman”,wasjust4yearsoldwhenhestarted,andcelebratedhis5thbirthdayonthetrail.TheAppalachianTrail,whichmanypeoplecallsimplythe“AT”,isa3,530-kilometerhikingtrailthatrunsthroughtheforestsoftheAppalachianMountainsandpassesthrough14statesinall.HikingtheAppalachianTranistough,andonlyoneoutofeveryfourhikerscompletesallthesectionsofthetrail.Thepeoplewhohikeitmustcarryeverythingtheyneedwiththem,includingtents,sleepingbagsandothersupplies,alongwithfoodandwater.Harvey’sparents,JoshandCassieSutton,havebeenhikingwithHarveysincehewastwoyearsold.Theymadereasonablearrangements,andespeciallypreparedhimforhikingtheATbystartingoutwithlotsofshorterwalksandhikes.IttookHarveyandhisfamily209daystocompletetheentireAT.Everydaythefamilywouldwakeuparound5:30inthemorning.Theywouldhavebreakfastandpackuptheirtentsandsleepingbagsbeforesettingoffthroughthewoods.Ingeneral,thefamilyhikedabout16kilometersadaybeforestoppingtosetupcampagain.DuringhisdaysontheAT,Harveylikedtousehisimagination.Thishelpedhimwalkmorequicklyandhavefunwhilehehiked.Heplayedgameswithhismomanddadandotherhikers,KartSakashikedwiththeSuttonsthroughsevenstates.Mr.SakassaidHarveydidn’tseemtogettired.Whenotherhikerswerewornoutattheendoftheday,Harveywasstilleagerforagame.CompletingtheATtaughtHarveyandhisparentshowtoworkasateamandhowtotakeonchallengestogether.Harveyhasnowturned5andhasstartedkindergarten.Butatsomepointinthefuture,hesays,“IwanttohiketheATagain!”4.WhatcanwelearnabouthikingontheAT?A.Ittakeseveryhiker7monthstofinishit. B.Hikersliketocelebratetheirbirthdaysonit.C.Onlyaquarterofhikersfinishthewholetrail. D.Hikersspendlotsofmoneyhikingonit.5.WhatmadetheSuttons’hikingsuccessful?A.Usingtheirimagination. B.Beingfullofenergy.C.Managingtimewell. D.Havinggoodpreparation.6.WhatkindofpersonisHarveySutton?A.Energeticandteam-spirited. B.Imaginativeandfunny.C.Naughtyandtough. D.Considerateandbrave.7.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheAT—AChallengingTrail B.WhyDoPeopleLikeHiking?C.Hiking—Suttons’Hobby D.TheLittleMan’s209HikingDays【4~7题答案】【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了HarveySutton从4岁开始就跟着父母徒步，用了209天穿越艰难的阿巴拉契亚山道的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“HikingtheAppalachianTranistough,andonlyoneoutofeveryfourhikerscompletesallthesectionsofthetrail.(徒步穿越阿巴拉契亚山道非常艰难，每四个登山者中只有一个能完成所有路段)”可知，只有四分之一的徒步旅行者能走完阿巴拉契亚山道全程。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Harvey’sparents,JoshandCassieSutton,havebeenhikingwithHarveysincehewastwoyearsold.Theymadereasonablearrangements,andespeciallypreparedhimforhikingtheATbystartingoutwithlotsofshorterwalksandhikes.(哈维的父母乔什·萨顿和凯西·萨顿从哈维两岁起就一直和他一起徒步旅行。他们做了合理的安排，特别为他的徒步旅行做了准备，从许多较短的步行和徒步开始)”可知，萨顿夫妇的徒步旅行成功的原因是有充分的准备。故选D项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Mr.SakassaidHarveydidn’tseemtogettired.Whenotherhikerswerewornoutattheendoftheday,Harveywasstilleagerforagame.(萨卡斯先生说哈维似乎不觉得累。当其他徒步旅行者筋疲力尽的时候，哈维仍然渴望一场比赛)”和第五段“CompletingtheATtaughtHarveyandhisparentshowtoworkasateamandhowtotakeonchallengestogether.(完成AT教会了哈维和他的父母如何作为一个团队工作，如何一起面对挑战)”可知，哈维·萨顿是一个精力充沛,富有团队精神的人。故选A项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述了HarveySutton从4岁开始就跟着父母徒步，用了209天穿越艰难的阿巴拉契亚山道的故事，所以“TheLittleMan’s209HikingDays(小小男人的209天徒步旅行)”是最佳标题。故选D项。CAround126,000gallonsofoilhavespilledintothePacificOceanoffthecoastofOrangeCounty.Theoilspillcoversabout34squarekilometersofocean.Tofindtheleak(裂缝、泄漏),manydiversexploredunderwater.Theyfoundabreakina28-kilometerpipeline(输油管道)thatdeliversoilofftheCaliforniacoast.AmplifyEnergyCorp.(AEC)istheoilcompanythatownsthepipeline.ItshutdownthepipelineonSaturday,butexpertssaythecompanyshouldhavenoticedachangeinthepipeline’spressuremuchsooner.Theleakingpipelineisover40yearsold,eventhoughsuchpipelinesarenormallyonlyusedforabout25years.LocalshavesaidthateventhoughthespillbeganonFridaynight,littleactionwastakentocontainituntilSaturdayafternoon.Somevisitorstonearbybeachesreportthatthereisoileverywhere.MartynWillsher,wholeadsAmplify,believestheleakhasbeenstopped.“Thereisnoactiveleakthatwe’reawareof,”hesaid.Nowbeachesintheareahavebeenclosed,andfishinghasbeenbannedinawideareaalongthecoast.Peoplearebeingaskedtostayawayfromthebeaches,sincetheoilcanbepoisonous.Extraeffortsarebeingmadetokeeptheoilawayfromprotectedmarshy(沼泽的)areas,alongthecoast,whicharehometospecialwildlife.Atleastoneoftheseareas,TalbertMarsh,hasalreadybeenaffected.Workersaretryingtohelpanimalsthatmayhavebeenhurtinthespill.It’sstillnotknownexactlyhowmanyanimalshavebeenaffected.Buttherearereportsofdeadfishandbirdswashinguponshore,andofdolphinsswimmingthroughtheoilywatersintheareas.TheUSCoastGuardisleadingeffortstoplacefloatingbarrierscalled“booms”onthewatertotrytokeepthespillfromspreading.8.Whatistheexperts’opinionontheoilspill?A.It’sbeenanormalphenomenon. B.Itshouldhavebeenavoided.C.Ithasfollowedanearthquake. D.It’shappenedinasailingship.9.WhatdothelocalpeoplethinkofwhatAECdidabouttheoilspill?A.Disappointing. B.Wonderful. C.Risky. D.Sincere.10.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthelastthreeparagraphs?A.Noseafoodsareallowedtosellinthemarket. B.Visitorscomeovertohelpthedamagedwildlife.C.Measureshavebeentakentoreducetheeffect. D.Thepollutedareaisbeingenlargedatpresent.11.Whatkindofarticleisthetext?A.Astory. B.Anannouncement. C.Anessay. D.Anewsreport.【8~11题答案】【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。大约126,000加仑的石油泄漏到太平洋延沿岸的奥兰县。石油泄漏覆盖了大约34平方公里的海洋。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“ItshutdownthepipelineonSaturday,butexpertssaythecompanyshouldhavenoticedachangeinthepipeline’spressuremuchsooner.(该公司于周六关闭了管道，但专家们表示该公司本应该更早注意到管道压力的变化)”可知，专家们认为如果公司及时注意到管道压力的变化，泄露事件就不会发生。故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“LocalshavesaidthateventhoughthespillbeganonFridaynight,littleactionwastakentocontainituntilSaturdayafternoon.Somevisitorstonearbybeachesreportthatthereisoileverywhere.(当地居民表示，尽管泄漏始于周五晚上，但直到周六下午才采取措施加以控制。一些到附近海滩的游客说那里到处是石油)”可知，当地居民认为AEC公司在这次石油泄漏事件上处理得不够及时，居民表示失望和不满。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Nowbeachesintheareahavebeenclosed,andfishinghasbeenbannedinawideareaalongthecoast.Peoplearebeingaskedtostayawayfromthebeaches,sincetheoilcanbepoisonous.(现在，该地区海滩已经关闭，在沿海岸的大片区域禁止捕鱼。人们被要求远离海滩，因为石油有可能有毒)”及第五段“Extraeffortsarebeingmadetokeeptheoilawayfromprotectedmarshy(沼泽的)areas,alongthecoast,whicharehometospecialwildlife.(人们正在进行额外的努力，使石油远离沿海地区受保护的沼泽地地区，这些地区是特殊野生动物的家园)”以及最后一段“TheUSCoastGuardisleadingeffortstoplacefloatingbarrierscalled“booms”onthewatertotrytokeepthespillfromspreading.(美国海岸警卫队正在努力在水面上放置漂浮的屏障，成为“围油栏”，试图阻止泄漏的蔓延)”可知，作者在最后三段要想表达的是为了减小这次石油泄漏的影响人们已经采取了一定的措施。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Around126,000gallonsofoilhavespilledintothePacificOceanoffthecoastofOrangeCounty.Theoilspillcoversabout34squarekilometersofocean.(大约126,000加仑的石油泄漏到太平洋延沿岸的奥兰县。石油泄漏覆盖了大约34平方公里的海洋)”可知，文章主要是在围绕着太平洋沿岸奥兰县的石油泄漏事件展开，所以属于新闻报道文体。故选D项。DToputdisplaysinfrontofyoureyestoexperienceabigprivatescreen,TCL’sNXTWEARGGlasseshavesomeserioussciencefictionpotential.Butwilltheykick—startanewkindofwearableTVs,orbeclassifiedintoaforgettablegimmick(噱头)?Unlikethesmartglassesthatwereoncefashionableafewyearsago,whichwereabandonedbecausetheyrequiredawillingnesstogiveawayprivacy,theNXTWEARGhasascreenthatyouwearasglasses,whichcandisplaycontentfromyourattachedsmartphone,tabletorlaptop,througha140—inch(357cm)TV.ImustadmitthatwhenIfirstheardaboutthemIdidn’tbelieveinthem.Buttheadvantageishuge.Withtheglasses,youcanseemostoftheworldaroundyou,particularlybelowtheglasses.Havingtheimagestaywhereitisintheglassesmeansyoucangetcomfortableatwhateverspecialangleyouwantandhavethescreenstayintheperfectspot.Thatwouldbefantasticforsomeonewhohastroublekeepingtheirheadstill(likewithParkinson’sorasimilardisease),orsomeonerecoveringfromsurgery.Ofcourse,they’renotperfect.They’remuchheavierthantheyperhapsshouldbe.A140—inchscreensoundsmuchbigger,heavierandmeanshavingtorelyonthecontrolsofwhateverdeviceyou’reusing.It’salsonotgreatifyouneedtowearregularglassestosee.Thatseemsforfirst—generationglasses,theyareverygood,butstillfarfromperfection.Althoughthereisstillsomethingimperfect,thelongerIspendwiththeNXTWEARG,thebrighterafutureIcanseeforwearablescreens.Thereishugepotentialinwearablescreensforalotofapplications,whenthey’remadelighter,morecomfortable,andeasiertouse.12.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“kick-start”inparagraph1?A.Giveup. B.Pick. C.Begin. D.Takeaway.13.HowareNXTWEARGGlassesdifferentfromothersmartglasses?A.Theyareoffashionabledesign.B.Theyhaveascreenlinkedwithyoursmartdevices.C.Theyneedtocollectmoreusers’privacy.D.Theyareequippedwithbettercameras.14.WhatisthedisadvantageoftheNXTWEARGGlasses?A.Theyweighmorethantheusers’expectation.B.TheyshutyouofffromtherestoftheworldC.Theykeepyourheadstillallthetime.D.Theyareliketheregularglassesyouarewearing.15.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureoftheNXTWEARGGlasses?A.Concerned. B.Optimistic. C.Negative. D.Doubtful.【12~15题答案】【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了TCL推出的一款可佩戴NXTWEARG眼镜屏幕，讲述了其优点和缺点，以及光明的未来。【12题详解】词义猜测题。前文“Toputdisplaysinfrontofyoureyestoexperienceabigprivatescreen,TCL’sNXTWEARGGlasseshavesomeserioussciencefictionpotential.(TCLNXTWEARG眼镜可以将显示屏放在眼前，体验大的私人屏幕，这款眼镜具有一些严肃的科幻潜力。)”讲述TCL推出了一款新的发明NXTWEARG眼镜，因此推断划线句“Butwilltheykick—startanewkindofwearableTVs,orbeclassifiedintoaforgettablegimmick(噱头)?(但他们会kick-start一种新的可穿戴电视，还是被归类为一个容易被遗忘的噱头？)”中的划线词与begin“开始；启动”意思相近。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段内容“Unlikethesmartglassesthatwereoncefashionableafewyearsago,whichwereabandonedbecausetheyrequiredawillingnesstogiveawayprivacy,theNXTWEARGhasascreenthatyouwearasglasses,whichcandisplaycontentfromyourattachedsmartphone,tabletorlaptop,througha140—inch(357cm)TV.(不像几年前的时尚的智能眼镜，因为他们需要愿意放弃隐私被放弃了，NXTWEARG有一个作为眼镜佩戴的屏幕，可以显示来自你附加的智能手机，平板电脑或笔记本电脑的内容，通过一个140英寸（357厘米）电视。)”可知，与其他智能眼镜不同，NXTWEARG有一个与你的智能设备相连的屏幕。故选B。14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Ofcourse,they’renotperfect.They’remuchheavierthantheyperhapsshouldbe.A140—inchscreensoundsmuchbigger,heavierandmeanshavingtorelyonthecontrolsofwhateverdeviceyou’reusing.(当然，它们并不完美。它们比也许应该的要重得多。一个140英寸的屏幕听起来更大、更重，意味着你必须依赖于你正在使用的任何设备的控制。)”可知，NXTWEARG眼镜比用户期待的要重得多。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Althoughthereisstillsomethingimperfect,thelongerIspendwiththeNXTWEARG,thebrighterafutureIcanseeforwearablescreens.Thereishugepotentialinwearablescreensforalotofapplications,whenthey’remadelighter,morecomfortable,andeasiertouse.(尽管仍有一些不完美的东西，但我使用NXTWEARG的时间越长，我所能看到的可穿戴屏幕的未来就越光明。可穿戴屏幕在许多应用领域具有巨大的潜力，因为它们可以变得更轻、更舒适、更容易使用。)”可知，作者认为NXTWEARG的未来是光明的，具有巨大的潜力，因此推断作者持有积极乐观的态度。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。It’snoteasytoclassifyviruses.Theyarenotdead,becausetheyhavegenesandevolve._____16_____Soviruseshaveonetask:tofindahostanduseittoreproduce.Theyreproducebycontrollingthehost’scells,eventuallycausingthemtoburstanddie,whichwillcauseillness.Thesefollowingfactscanhelpyougetridofthem._____17_____Somevirusescanevenbespreadviapeoplewhodon’thavesymptomsyet.Somesuper-spreadersmayinfecthundredsofotherpeoplewithoutevenrealizingit.Takepreventiveactiontopreventspreadingvirusesevenwhenyoudon’tfeelsick.Ifyou’reveryoverweight,youneedtobeextracautious.Overweightpeoplesufferfromthefluvirus42percentlongerthanthosewhoaren’toverweight.Becausebeingoverweightislinkedtomanyhealthproblems,itmayaffectyourimmunesystem._____18_____Soyouhavetowatchyourweight.Soapandwaterreallyarethebestdefense.Washingyourhandswithsoapispracticallyagoodwaytopreventviruses._____19_____Makesuretowashforaminimumof20secondsanddryyourhandsonacleantowel.AccordingtoaresearchpublishedinMolecules,greenteamaybeanimmunebooster.Itmayhelpyoufightbothcoldandinfluenzaviruses.Researchersfoundthatdrinkinggreentearegularlycouldhelpyourecoverfromacoldquickly._____20_____A.Itcanalsomakethevirusnotwork.B.Youcanbeinfectedwithoutshowingsymptoms.C.Extraweightmaymaketheflushotlesseffectivetoo.D.Virusescansurviveforashorttimeoutsidethehumanbody.E.Yettheyarealsonotalivebecausetheycan’tsurviveontheirown.F.Regularexercisehasbeenshowntoimproveyourimmunesystem.G.Thatevencouldmakeyoulesslikelytogetavirusinthefirstplace.【16~20题答案】【答案】16.E17.B18.C19.A20.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了病毒的一些传播特性以及预防病毒的方法。【16题详解】根据上文“It’snoteasytoclassifyviruses.Theyarenotdead,becausetheyhavegenesandevolve.(对病毒进行分类并不容易。它们没有死，因为它们有基因并进化)”以及后文“Soviruseshaveonetask:tofindahostanduseittoreproduce.Theyreproducebycontrollingthehost’scells,eventuallycausingthemtoburstanddie,whichwillcauseillness.Thesefollowingfactscanhelpyougetridofthem.(所以病毒只有一个任务：找到一个宿主并利用它进行繁殖。它们通过控制寄主的细胞进行繁殖，最终导致寄主细胞破裂和死亡，从而导致疾病。以下这些事实可以帮助你摆脱它们)”可知，本句承接上文继续说明病毒的特性，故E选项“然而，它们也不是活着的，因为它们不能自己生存”符合语境，故选E。【17题详解】根据后文“Somevirusescanevenbespreadviapeoplewhodon’thavesymptomsyet.Somesuper-spreadersmayinfecthundredsofotherpeoplewithoutevenrealizingit.Takepreventiveactiontopreventspreadingvirusesevenwhenyoudon’tfeelsick.(一些病毒甚至可以通过没有症状的人传播。一些超级传播者可能会在没有意识到的情况下感染数百人。即使你不觉得不舒服，也要采取预防措施防止病毒传播)”可知，本段主要说明了病毒的传播问题，故B选项“你可以在没有症状的情况下被感染”符合语境，故选B。【18题详解】根据上文“Ifyou’reveryoverweight,youneedtobeextracautious.Overweightpeoplesufferfromthefluvirus42percentlongerthanthosewhoaren’toverweight.Becausebeingoverweightislinkedtomanyhealthproblems,itmayaffectyourimmunesystem.(如果你超重，你需要格外小心。超重的人感染流感病毒的时间比正常的人长42%。因为超重与许多健康问题有关，它可能会影响你的免疫系统)”以及后文“Soyouhavetowatchyourweight.(所以你要注意你的体重)”可知，本段主要是关于超重与感染病毒的关系，C选项中Extraweight对应上文中overweight。故C选项“超重也可能使流感疫苗的效果降低”符合语境，故选C。【19题详解】根据上文“Soapandwaterreallyarethebestdefense.Washingyourhandswithsoapispracticallyagoodwaytopreventviruses.(肥皂和水真的是最好的防御。用肥皂洗手实际上是预防病毒的一种好方法)”以及后文“Makesuretowashforaminimumof20secondsanddryyourhandsonacleantowel.(确保洗手至少20秒，然后用干净的毛巾擦干手)”可知，上文提到用肥皂洗手来预防病毒，本句承接上文继续说明洗手的作用，故A选项“它还可以使病毒失效”符合语境，故选A。【20题详解】根据上文“AccordingtoaresearchpublishedinMolecules,greenteamaybeanimmunebooster.Itmayhelpyoufightbothcoldandinfluenzaviruses.Researchersfoundthatdrinkinggreentearegularlycouldhelpyourecoverfromacoldquickly.(根据发表在《分子》杂志上的一项研究，绿茶可能是免疫助推器。它可以帮助你对抗感冒和流感病毒。研究人员发现，经常喝绿茶可以帮助你迅速从感冒中恢复)”可知，上文提到了经常喝绿茶可以帮助你迅速从感冒中恢复，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明绿茶的作用，故G选项“这甚至可以让你从一开始就不太可能感染病毒”符合语境，故选G。第三部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Theclassicphrase“trickortreat”onceuponatimeimpliedsomesortofexchange.Childrenreachedhousesin___21___ofcandy,andifnotreatswerefound,harmlesstrickswouldbe____22____orontheoccasionthattherewasa(n)___23___naughtykid,afamilymightfindeggsandtoiletpaperontheiryard.Duringthesedays,theexchangeof___24___ismoreorlessexpectedbychildren.Whenagroupofthree___25___the86-year-oldBrendaBurdon’shome,sheunfortunatelyhadto____26____themthatshedidn’thaveanytreatsto___27___.sheapologizedtotheminakindvoice.Whilemanychildrenmighthavepouted(噘嘴)andwalkedaway,thesechildren___28___her.Thenextday,thisHalloweenwasmarkedasoneofthemost____29____HalloweensBurdonhadever____30____.Thechildrenreturnedwithacard____31____to“TheKindLady”decoratedwithsomesimple____32____ofpuminsandsmileyfaces.“Thankyouforbeingso____33____on...heon...drenwrote.“Hopelifegetsbetterforyouasyougoon...”Alongwiththe____34____cardcamechocolates,apackofcookiesanda£10note.Thatcommentalonewasenoughtobringa____35____toBurdon’sfacefortherestofthenight.AccordingtoBurdon’sgrandson,DannyParker,thekids’_____36_____madeher“lostinhappiness”fortherestoftheafternoon.Sheevenwentoutto____37____giftsforthechildrentoshowher____38____butunfortunately,thechildrenhavenot____39____sincethen.Shehopestofindthemagaintobrightentheirdaysthesamewaytheybrightenedhers,andtoreturnthe£10,sotheycan____40____themselvestosomethingnice.21.A.search B.honor C.need D.possession22.A.missed B.recorded C.played D.recommended23.A.constantly B.exactly C.permanently D.especially24.A.drinks B.dessert C.candy D.snacks25.A.lookedaround B.arrivedat C.clearedup D.brokeinto26.A.warn B.remind C.confirm D.inform27.A.give B.pass C.show D.send28.A.embarrassed B.surprised C.frightened D.disappointed29.A.powerful B.instructive C.impressive D.steady30.A.recognized B.experienced C.monitored D.appreciated31.A.addressed B.thrown C.sold D.devoted32.A.drafts B.outlines C.drawings D.shapes33.A.generous B.considerate C.humorous D.gentle34.A.smart B.sweet C.electronic D.thick35.A.complaint B.pity C.fear D.smile36.A.performance B.courage C.anxiety D.behavior37.A.buy B.distribute C.select D.make38.A.concern B.appreciation C.satisfaction D.curiosity39.A.recovered B.left C.returned D.fallen40.A.treat B.reduce C.apply D.limit【21~40题答案】【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.C25.B26.D27.A28.B29.C30.B31.A32.C33.D34.B35.D36.D37.A38.B39.C40.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Burdon在万圣节时没有准备糖果，来敲门索要糖果的孩子们却没有因此而不开心，在第二天给她送去了贴心的礼物，对此Burdon感到很开心，想要回报孩子们的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们到房子里寻找糖果，如果没有找到糖果，就会玩一些无恶意的恶作剧，或者如果有一个特别淘气的孩子，一家人可能会在他们的院子里找到鸡蛋和卫生纸。A.search搜查；B.honor荣誉；C.need需要；D.possession拥有。根据下文“ifnotreatswerefound”可知，孩子们到各家各户去寻找糖果。insearchof“寻找，搜寻”。故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们到房子里寻找糖果，如果没有找到糖果，就会玩一些无恶意的恶作剧，或者如果有一个特别淘气的孩子，一家人可能会在他们的院子里找到鸡蛋和卫生纸。A.missed错过；B.recorded录制；C.played玩耍；D.recommended推荐。根据上文“Theclassicphrase“trickortreat”onceuponatimeimpliedsomesortofexchange.”可知，孩子们如果找不到糖，他们会玩一些无恶意的恶作剧，playtricks“耍花样，捣乱”。故选C。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：孩子们到房子里寻找糖果，如果没有找到糖果，就会玩无害的把戏，或者如果有一个特别淘气的孩子，一家人可能会在他们的院子里找到鸡蛋和卫生纸。A.constantly持续地；B.exactly精确地；C.permanently永久地；D.especially特别地。根据下文“afamilymightfindeggsandtoiletpaperontheiryard”可知，如果有一个特别淘气的孩子，某一家人可能会在他们的院子里发现鸡蛋和卫生纸。故选D。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这些日子里，孩子们或多或少地期待着交换糖果。A.drinks饮料；B.dessert甜点；C.candy糖果；D.snacks零食。根据上文“Childrenreachedhousesin___1___ofcandy”可知，在这些日子里，孩子们或多或少地都期待着交换糖果。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当一个三人小组来到86岁的布伦达·伯顿家时，她不幸地不得不告诉他们，她没有糖的可以给他们。A.lookedaround环顾四周；B.arrivedat到达；C.clearedup清理；D.brokeinto闯入。根据上文“Childrenreachedhousesin___1___ofcandy”可知，此处表示三个孩子们来到86岁的BrendaBurdon的家时，他们被告知这里没有糖果。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一个三人小组来到86岁的布伦达·伯顿家时，她不得不遗憾地告诉他们，她没有糖可以给他们。A.warn警告；B.remind提醒；C.confirm确认；D.inform知会。根据下文“shedidn’thaveanytreatsto___7___”可知，BrendaBurdon不得不遗憾地告知孩子们，她没有糖可以给他们。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一个三人小组来到86岁的布伦达·伯顿家时，她不得不遗憾地告诉他们，她没有糖可以给他们。A.give给；B.pass通过；C.show展示；D.send发送。根据上文“sheunfortunatelyhadto____6____themthatshedidn’thaveanytreats”和下文“Whilemanychildrenmighthavepouted(噘嘴)andwalkedaway”可知，此处指BrendaBurdon遗憾地告知孩子们，她没有糖可以给他们。故选A。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然许多孩子可能会撅嘴走开，但这些孩子让她感到惊讶。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.surprised惊讶的；C.frightened害怕的；D.disappointed失望的。根据下文“Thechildrenreturnedwithacard____11____to“TheKindLady”decoratedwithsomesimple____12____ofpuminsandsmileyfaces.”可知，BrendaBurdon原以为没有得到糖果的孩子们可能会噘着嘴走开，但是这些孩子却第二天给她送来了卡片，这让她感到惊讶。故选B。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第二天，这个万圣节被认为是伯顿经历过最令人难忘的万圣节之一。A.powerful有力的；B.instructive有教育意义的；C.impressive令人印象深刻的；D.steady稳定的。根据