2018年12月英语六级真题试卷第2套VIP

2018年12月英语六级真题试卷第2套PartI Writing (30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonhowtobalancejobresponsibilitiesandpersonalinterests.shouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartII ListeningComprehension (30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversationsAttheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Stopworryingabouthim. B)Keepawayfromthestatue.apictureofhim. D)Putonasmileforthephoto.A)GaininggreatfameontheInternet. B)Publishingacollectionofhisphotos.C)Collectingthebestphotosintheworld. D)Becomingaprofessionalphotographer.A)Surfingvariouswebsitesandcollectingphotos.B)Editinghispicturesandpostingthemonline.C)Followingsimilaraccountstocomparenotes.D)Studyingthepicturesinpopularsocialmedia.A)Theyarefarfromsatisfactory.B)Theyaremostlytakenbyhermom.Theymakeanimpressivealbum.Theyrecordherfondmemories.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Ajournalreportingthelatestprogressinphysics.B)Anintroductorycourseofmodernphysics.Anoccasionforphysiciststoexchangeideas.Aseriesofinterviewswithoutstandingphysicists.A)Thefutureofthephysicalworld. B)Theoriginoftheuniverse.C)Sourcesofradiation. D)Particletheory.A)Howmattercollideswithanti-matter. B)Whethertheuniversewillturnbarren.C)Whythereexistsanti-matter. D)Whythereisauniverseatall.A)Matterandanti-matterareoppositesofeachother.B)Anti-matterallowedhumanstocomeintoexistence.C)Theuniverseformedduetoasufficientamountofmatter.D)Anti-matterexistsinveryhigh-temperatureenvironments.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Shefoundherselfspeakingaforeignlanguage.B)Shewokeupspeakingwithadifferentaccent.Shefoundsomesymptomsofherillnessgone.Shewokeupfindingherselfinanothercountry.A)Itisusuallycausedbyastrokeorbraininjury.B)Ithasnotyetfoundanyeffectivetreatment.Itleavesthepatientwithadistortedmemory.Itoftenhappenstopeoplewithspeechdefects.A)British. B)Irish. C)Russian. D)Australian.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Watersports. B)Racinginrivers.C)Storiesaboutwomenswimmers. D)Booksaboutswimming.A)ShesucceededinswimmingacrosstheEnglishChannel.B)ShepublishedaguidetoLondon’sbestswimmingspots.Shetoldherstoryofadventurestosomeyoungswimmers.ShewroteabookaboutthehistoryofswimwearintheUK.A)Theylovedvacationingontheseashore.B)Theyhadauniquenotionofmodesty.Theywereprohibitedfromswimming.Theywerefullydressedwhenswimming.A)Shedesignedlotsofappropriateswimwearforwomen.B)Sheoncesuccessfullycompetedagainstmeninswimming.ShewasthefirstwomantoswimacrosstheEnglishChannel.Shewasanadvocateofwomen’srighttoswiminpublicpools.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Buildamachinethatcandetectlies.B)Developamagneticbrainscanner.thecredibilityofcourtevidence.people’scompletetrustinthem.A)Theyareoptimisticaboutitspotential.B)Theyarescepticalofitsreliability.Theythinkitisbutbusinesspromotion.Theycelebrateitwithgreatenthusiasm.A)Itisnottobetrustedatall.B)Itdoesnotsoundeconomical.Itmayintrudeintopeople’sprivacy.Itmayleadtooveruseincourttrials.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Mostofitsresidentsspeakseverallanguages.B)Someofitsindigenouslanguagesaredyingout.Eachvillagetherespeaksatotallydifferentlanguage.Itslanguageshaveinterestedresearcherstheworldover.A)Theyarespreadrandomlyacrosstheworld.B)Somearemoredifficulttolearnthanothers.Morearefoundintropicalregionsthaninthemildzones.Theyenrichandimpacteachotherinmorewaysthanone.A)Theyuseddifferentmethodstocollectandanalyzedata.B)Theyidentifieddistinctpatternsoflanguagedistribution.Theirconclusionsdonotcorrespondtotheiroriginalhypotheses.Thereisnoconclusiveaccountforthecauseoflanguagediversity.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Itsmiddle-classisdisappearing.B)Itswealthisrationallydistributed.Itspopulationisrapidlygrowing.Itscherisheddreamiscomingtrue.23.A)Successwasbutadreamwithoutconscientiouseffort.Theycouldrealizetheirdreamsthroughhardwork.Afewdollarscouldgoalongwassharedbyallcitizens.24.A)Betterworkingconditions.B)Better-payingjobs.C)Highsocialstatus.D)Fullemployment.A)Reducetheadministrativecosts.B)Adopteffectivebusinessmodels.Hirepart-timeemployeesonly.Makeuseofthelatesttechnology.PartIII ReadingComprehension (40SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.arerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.maynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.SurfingtheInternetduringclassdoesn'tjuststealfocusfromtheeducator;italsohurtsstudentswho'realreadystrugglingto 26 thematerial.AnewstudyfromMichiganStateUniversity,though,arguesthatallstudents—includinghighachievers—seeadeclineinperformancewhentheybrowsetheInternetduringclassfornon-academicpurposes.measuretheeffectsofInternet-baseddistractionsduringclass,researchers 27 500studentstakinganintroductorypsychologyclassatMichiganStateUniversity.ResearchersusedACTscoresasameasureofintellectual28 .Becausepreviousresearchhasshownthatpeoplewithhighintellectualabilitiesarebetterat 29 outdistractions,researchersbelievedstudentswithhighACTscoreswouldnotshowa 30 decreaseinperformanceduetotheiruseofdigitaldevices.ButstudentswhosurfedthewebduringclassdidworseontheirexamsregardlessoftheirACTscores,suggestingthateventheacademicallysmarteststudentsareharmedwhenthey'redistractedinclass.Collegeprofessorsareincreasingly 31 alarmbellsabouttheeffectssmartphones,laptops,andtabletshaveonacademicperformance.One2013studyofcollegestudentsfoundthat80%ofstudentsusetheirphonesorlaptopsduringclass,withtheaveragestudentcheckingtheirdigitaldevice11timesina 32 class.Aquarterofstudentsreportthattheiruseofdigitaldevicesduringclasscausestheirgradesto 33 .Professorssometimesimplementpoliciesdesignedto 34 students'useofdigitaldevices,andsomeinstructorsevenconfiscate(没收)tabletsandphones.Inaworldwherepeopleareincreasinglydependentontheirphones,though,suchstrategiesoftenfail.Oneinternationalstudyfoundthat84%ofpeoplesaytheycouldn'tgoadaywithouttheirsmartphones.Untilstudentsareableto 35 thepullofsocialnetworking,texting,andendlesslysurfingtheweb,theymaycontinuetostruggleintheirclasses.II）obscureobsessraisingL）resistM）significantN)sufferO）typicalA)aptitudeB)eradicationC)evaluatedD)evaporatedE)filteringF)graspG)legacyH)minimizeSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.maychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.APioneeringWomanofScienceRe-Emergesafter300YearsMariaSibyllaMerianlikemanyEuropeanwomenofthe17thcenturystayedbusymanagingahouseholdandrearingchildren.Butontopofthat,Merian,aGerman-bornwomanwholivedintheNetherlands,alsomanagedasuccessfulcareerasanartist,botanist,naturalistandentomologist（昆虫学家）.“Shewasascientistonthelevelwithalotofpeoplewespendalotoftimetalkingabout,”saidKayEtheridge,abiologistatGettysburgCollegeinPennsylvaniawhohasbeenstudyingthescientifichistoryofMerian’swork.“Shedidn'tdoasmuchtochangebiologyasCharlesDarwin,butshewassignificant.”Atatimewhennaturalhistorywasavaluabletoolfordiscovery,Meriandiscoveredfactsaboutplantsandinsectsthatwerenotpreviouslyknown.Herobservationshelpeddismissthepopularbeliefthatinsectsspontaneouslyemergedfrommud.Theknowledgeshecollectedoverdecadesdidn'tjustsatisfythosecuriousaboutnature,butalsoprovidedvaluableinsightsintomedicineandscience.Shewasthefirsttobringtogetherinsectsandtheirhabitats,includingfoodtheyate,intoasingleecologicalcomposition.AfteryearsofpleasingafascinatedaudienceacrossEuropewithbooksofdetaileddescriptionsandlife-sizepaintingsoffamiliarinsects,in1699shesailedwithherdaughternearly5,000milesfromtheNetherlandstoSouthAmericatostudyinsectsinthejunglesofwhatisnowknownasSuriname.Shewas52yearsold.Theresultwashermasterpiece,MetamorphosisInsectorumSurinamensium.Inherwork,sherevealedasideofnaturesoexotic,dramaticandvaluabletoEuropeansofthetimethatshereceivedmuchacclaim.Butacenturylaterherfindingscameunderscientificcriticism.Shoddy（粗糙的ofherworkalongwithsetbackstowomen'srolesin18th-and19th-centuryEuroperesultedinhereffortsbeinglargelyforgottenItwaskindofstunningwhenshesortofdroppedoffintooblivion（遗忘）saidEtheridgeVictoriansstartedputtingwomeninabox,andthey'restilltryingtocrawloutofit.”thepioneeringwomanofthescienceshasre-emerged.Inrecentyears,feminists,historiansandartistshaveallpraisedMerian'stenacity（坚韧）,talentandinspirationalartisticcompositions.AndnowbiologistslikeDr.Etheridgearediggingintothescientifictextsthataccompaniedherart.Threehundredyearsafterherdeath,MerianwillbecelebratedataninternationalsymposiuminAmsterdamthisJune.AndlastmonthMetamorphosisInsectorumSurinamensiumwasrepublishedItcontains60plates（插图）andoriginaldescriptions,alongwithstoriesaboutMerian'slifeandupdatedscientificdescriptions.BeforewritingMetamorphosis,MerianspentdecadesdocumentingEuropeanplantsandinsectsthatshepublishedinaseriesofbooks.Shebeganinher20s,makingtextless,decorativepaintingsofflowerswithinsects.“Thenshegotreallyserious,”Etheridgesaid.Merianstartedraisinginsectsathome,mostlybutterfliesandcaterpillars.“Shewouldsitupallnightuntiltheycameoutofthepupa（蛹）soshecoulddrawthem,”shesaid.Theresultsofherdecades'worthofcarefulobservationsweredetailedpaintingsanddescriptionsofEuropeaninsects,followedbyunconventionalvisualsandstoriesofinsectsandanimalsfromalandthatmostatthetimecouldonlyimagine.It'spossibleMerianusedamagnifyingglasstocapturethedetailofthesplittonguesof sphinxmoths（斯芬克斯飞蛾）depictedinthepainting.Shewrotethatthetwotonguescombinetoformonetubefordrinkingnectar（花蜜）.Somecriticizedthisdetaillater,sayingtherewasjustonetongue,butMerianwasn'twrong.Shemayhaveobservedtheadultmothjustasitemergedfromitspupa. Forabriefmomentduringthatstageofitslifecycle,thetongueconsistsoftwotinyhalf-tubesbeforemergingintoone.Itmaynothavebeenladyliketodepictagiantspiderdevouringahummingbird,butwhenMeriandiditattheturnofthe18thcentury,surprisingly,nobodyobjected.Etheridgecalleditrevolutionary.Theimage,whichalsocontainednoveldescriptionsofants,fascinatedaEuropeanaudiencethatwasmoreconcernedwiththeexoticstoryunfoldingbeforethemthanthegenderofthepersonwhopaintedit.“Allofthesethingsshookuptheirnice,neatlittleEtheridgesaid.Butlater,peopleoftheVictorianerathoughtdifferently.Herworkhadbeenreproduced,sometimesincorrectly.Afewobservationsweredeemedimpossible.“She'dbeencalledasillywomanforsayingthataspidercouldeatabird,”Etheridgesaid.ButHenryBates,afriendofCharlesDarwin,observeditandputitinbookin1863,provingMerianwascorrect.Inthesameplate,Meriandepictedanddescribedleaf-cutterantsforthefirsttime.“InAmericatherearelargeantswhichcaneatwholetreesbareasabroomhandleinasinglenight,”shewroteinthedescription.Meriannotedhowtheantstooktheleavesbelowgroundtotheiryoung.Andshewouldn'thaveknownthisatthetime,buttheantsusetheleavestofarmfungi（菌类）undergroundtofeedtheirdevelopingbabies.Merianwascorrectaboutthegiantbird-eatingspiders,antsbuildingbridgeswiththeirbodiesandotherdetails.Butinthesamedrawing,sheincorrectlylumpedtogetherarmyandleaf-cutterants.Andinsteadofshowingjustthetypicalpairofeggsinahummingbirdnest,shepaintedfour.ShemadeothermistakesinMetamorphosisInsectorumSurinamensiumaswell:noteverycaterpillarandbutterflymatched.PerhapsoneexplanationforhermistakesisthatshecutshortherSurinametripaftergettingsick,andcompletedthebookathomeinAmsterdam.Anderrorsarecommonamongsomeofhistory'smost-celebratedscientificminds,too.“TheseerrorsnomoreinvalidateMs.Merian'sworkthandowell-knownmisconceptionspublishedbyCharlesDarwinorIsaacNewton,”Etheridgewroteinapaperthatarguedthattoomanyhavewronglyfocusedonthemistakesofherwork.Merian’spaintingsinspiredartistsandecologists.Inan1801drawingfromhisbook,GeneralZoologyAmphibia,GeorgeanEnglishbotanistandzoologist,creditedMerianfordescribingafrogintheaccountofherSouthAmericanexpedition,andnamedtheyoungtreefrogafterherinhisportrayalofit.Itwouldn'tbefairtogiveMerianallthecredit.Shereceivedassistancenamingplants,makingsketchesandreferencingtheworkofothers.Herdaughtershelpedhercolorherdrawings.MerianalsomadenoteofthehelpshereceivedfromthenativesofSuriname,aswellasslavesorservantsthatassistedInsomeinstancesshewrotemovingpassagesthatincludedherhelpersindescriptions.Asshewroteinherdescriptionofthepeacockflower,“TheIndians,whoarenottreatedwellbytheirDutchmasters,usetheseedstoaborttheirchildren,sothattheywillnotbecomeslaveslikethemselves.TheblackslavesfromGuineaandAngolahavedemandedtobewelltreated,threateningtorefusetohavechildren.Infact,theysometimestaketheirownlivesbecausetheyaretreatedsobadly,andbecausetheybelievetheywillbebornagain,freeandlivingintheirownland.Theytoldmethisthemselves.”LondaSchiebinger,aprofessorofthehistoryofscienceatStanfordUniversity,calledthispassageratherastonishing.It'sparticularlystrikingcenturieslaterwhentheseissuesarestillprominentinpublicdiscussionsaboutsocialjusticeandwomen’srights.“Shewasaheadofhertime,”Etheridgesaid.MerianwasthefirstscientisttostudyatypeofAmericanant.TheEuropeanaudiencewasmoreinterestedinMerian'sdrawingsthanher38.Merian38.Merian'smasterpiececameunderattackacenturyafteritspublication.Merian’smistakesinherdrawingsmaybeattributedtohershortenedstayinSouthAmerica.Merianoftensatupthewholenightthroughtoobserveanddrawinsects.MerianacknowledgedthehelpshegotfromnativesofSouthAmerica.Meriancontributedgreatlytopeople'sbetterunderstandingofmedicineandscience.Merianoccasionallymademistakesinherdrawingsofinsectsandbirds.Merian'sroleasafemaleforerunnerinscienceshasbeenre-established.MerianmadealongvoyagetoSouthAmericatostudyjungleinsectsoverthreecenturiesago.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whilehumanachievementsinmathematicscontinuetoreachnewlevelsofcomplexity,manyofuswhoaren'tmathematiciansatheart(orengineersbytrade)maystruggletorememberthelasttimeweusedcalculus(微积分).It’safactnotlostonAmericaneducators,whoamidrisingmathfailureratesaredebatinghowmathcanbettermeetthereal-lifeneedsofstudents.Shouldwechangethewaymathistaughtinschools,oreliminatesomecoursesentirely?AndrewHacker,QueensCollegepoliticalscienceprofessor,thinksthatadvancedalgebraandotherhigher-levelmathshouldbecutfromcurriculainfavorofcourseswithmoreroutineusefulness,likestatistics.“Wehearonallsidesthatwe'renotteachingenoughmathematics,andtheChinesearerunningringsaroundus,”Hackersays.“I'msuggestingwe'reteachingtoomuchmathematicstotoomanypeople…noteverybodyhastoknowcalculus.Ifyou'regoingtobecomeanaeronautical(航空的)engineer,fine.Butmostofusaren't.”Instead,HackerispushingformorecoursesliketheoneheteachesatQueensCollege：Numeracy101.There,hisstudentsof“citizenstatistics”learntoanalyzepublicinformationlikethefederalbudgetandcorporatereports.Suchcourses,Hackerargues,arearemedyforthenumericalilliteracyofadultswhohavecompletedhigh-levelmathlikealgebrabutareunabletocalculatethepriceof,say,acarpetbyarea.Hacker'sargumenthasmetwithoppositionfromothermatheducatorswhosaywhat'sneededistohelpstudentsdevelopabetterrelationshipwithmathearlier,ratherthanteachingthemlessmathaltogether.MariaDroujkovaisafounderofNaturalMath,andhastaughtbasiccalculusconceptsto5-year-olds.ForDroujkova,high-levelmathisimportant,andwhatitcoulduseinAmericanclassroomsisaninjectionofchildlikewonder.“Makemathematicsmoreavailable,”Droujkovasays.“Redesignitsoit'smoreaccessibletomorekindsofpeople:youngchildren,adultswhoworryaboutit,adultswhomayhavehadbadexperiences.”PamelaHarris,alecturerattheUniversityofTexasatAustin,hasasimilarperspective.HarrissaysthatAmericaneducationissufferingfromanepidemicof“fakemath”—anemphasisonrotememorization(死记硬背)offormulasandsteps,ratherthananunderstandingofhowmathcaninfluencethewaysweseetheworld.AndrewHacker,fortherecord,remainsskeptical.“I'mgoingtoleaveittothosewhoareinmathematicstoworkoutthewaystomaketheirsubjectinterestingandexcitingsostudentswanttotakeit,”Hackersays.“AllthatIaskisthatalternativesbeofferedinsteadofputtingallofusontheroadtocalculus.”WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutordinaryAmericans?A)Theystruggletosolvemathproblems.Theythinkmathisacomplexsubject.Theyfindhigh-levelmathoflittleuse.Theyworkhardtolearnhigh-levelmath.WhatisthegeneralcomplaintaboutAmerica'smatheducationaccordingtoHacker?A)AmericaisnotdoingaswellasChina.Mathprofessorsarenotdoingagoodjob.Itdoesn'thelpstudentsdeveloptheirliteracy.Therehashardlybeenanyinnovationforyears.WhatdoesAndrewHacker'sNumeracy101aimtodo?A)Allowstudentstolearnhigh-levelmathstepbystep.Enablestudentstomakepracticaluseofbasicmath.Layasolidfoundationforadvancedmathstudies.Helpstudentstodeveloptheiranalyticalabilities.WhatdoesMariaDroujkovasuggestmathteachersdoinclass?A)Makecomplexconceptseasytounderstand.Startteachingchildrenmathatanearlyage.Helpchildrenworkwonderswithcalculus.Trytoarousestudents'curiosityinmath.WhatdoesPamelaHarristhinkshouldbethegoalofmatheducation?A)Toenablelearnerstounderstandtheworldbetter.Tohelplearnerstotellfakemathfromrealmath.TobroadenAmericans'perspectivesonmath.Toexertinfluenceonworlddevelopment.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassageU.S.years,theU.S.hasexperiencedashortageofregisterednurses.TheBureauofLaborStatisticsprojectsthatwhilethenumberofnurseswillincreaseby19percentby2022,demandwillgrowfasterthansupply,andthattherewillbeoveronemillionunfillednursingjobsbythen.Sowhat'sthesolution?Robots.Japanisaheadofthecurvewhenitcomestothistrend.ToyohashiUniversityofTechnologyhasdevelopedTerapio,aroboticmedicalcartthatcanmakehospitalrounds,delivermedicationsandotheritems,andretrieverecords.Itfollowsaspecificindividual,suchasadoctorornurse,whocanuseittorecordandaccesspatientdata.Thistypeofrobotwilllikelybeoneofthefirsttobeimplementedinhospitalsbecauseithasfairlyminimalpatientcontact.Robotscapableofsocialengagementhelpwithlonelinessaswellascognitivefunctioning,buttherobotitselfdoesn'thavetoengagedirectly—itcanserveasanintermediaryforhumancommunication.TelepresencerobotssuchasMantaroBot,Vgo,andGiraffcanbecontrolledthroughacomputer,smartphone,ortablet,allowingfamilymembersordoctorstoremotelymonitorpatientsorSkypethem,oftenviaascreenwheretherobot's‘face’wouldbe.Ifyoucan'tgettothenursinghometovisitgrandma,youcanuseatelepresencerobottohangoutwithher.A2016studyfoundthatusershada“consistentlypositiveattitude”abouttheGiraffrobot'sabilitytoenhancecommunicationanddecreasefeelingsofloneliness.Arobot'sappearanceaffectsitsabilitytosuccessfullyinteractwithhuma