定语从句讲义及练习 - 高考英语复习

第第页定语从句讲义及练习一、定语从句的分类限制性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.非限制性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明或描绘作用，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。从句一般用逗号同主句分开。George,whoismyclassmate,haswonascholarship.二、定语从句中主谓一致的问题当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致(我们要知道，关系代词所代指的就是先行词，这里有一个等量关系)。当先行词是oneof+复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthatdrawlotsofvisitoreveryyear.当先行词是theonly+oneof+复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式TheGreatWallistheonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthemoon.③先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asisknowntoall.Hehaspassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisesallofus.三、as,which引导非限定性定语从句的差别关系代词as和which都可用来引导非限制性定语从句，都可用来指代主句或主句中的名词或短语，一般可互换，但用法有以下区别：=1\*GB3①as引导的定语从句可置于句首、句中、句末，而which不可。Asweallknow,heneversmokes.=2\*GB3②在从句中作主语时，which既可作连系动词be的主语，也可作实义动词的主语；而as只可作连系动词be的主语。Hemarriedher，which/aswasnatural.他和她结婚了，这是很自然的事。Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedhim.他见到那个女孩，这使他很高兴。=3\*GB3③非限定性定语从句中出现expect,think,suppose等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。Shesucceededinherdoingtheresearchwork,asweexpected.=4\*GB3④as的用法thesame…as;such…as中的as是一种固定结构,和……一样……。Ishouldliketousethesametoolasisusedhere.Weshouldhavesuchadictionaryasheisusing.四、way和time后接定语从句的用法。=1\*GB3①当先行词是way(方式、方法)时，如果先行词way后面的定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，则引导词用that/which/不填。Thewaythat/which/不填heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。如果先行词way后面的定语从句缺少（方式）状语，则引导词用that/inwhich/不填。Thewaythat/inwhich/不填heexplainedthesentencestouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.他向我们解释句子的那种方法不难理解。=2\*GB3②当先行词是time时（时期、次数）时，如果time表示“次数”，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略。Itisthefirsttime（次数）thatMr.SmithhasvisitedChina.这是史密斯先生第一次到中国游览。如果time表示“时期，一段时间”，应用关系副词when或at/during+which引导定语从句。Therewasatime（时期）when/duringwhichtherewerenoradios,notelephonesandTVsets.曾经有一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视的时期。五、关系副词where高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为“明显的地点”转化“模糊化的地点”。事实上，对于where这个词，考生不能只理解为表地点，当先行词表示某人/物的situation,或某事所发展的stage和point，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用where这个关系副词。常见的抽象名词作先行词的有：point，position，situation，stage，state，case，scene，dilemma等。Hesaidifweevergottothepointwhereweneededtouselifejackets,hewouldhavealreadydiedofterror.他说假定我们真的到了需要用救生衣的地步，他早就吓死了。六、“介词+关系代词”的用法有时定语从句中的介词可以提到关系代词前面，形成“介词+关系代词”结构，该结构中的关系代词可用which,whose,who不可以用that和who。该结构中的介词可以根据定语从句中谓语的搭配、与先行词的搭配或者句子的意义来确定。e.g.ThisisthehouseofwhichIspoke.(根据动词speak的搭配而定）Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.(根据先行词的搭配而定)Thisisthepilotbywhommysonwassaved.(根据句子的意义来确定)注：有些“动词+介词”短语，如lookfor,lookafter,callon等不可拆开，不可把介词放在关系代词之前。Heistheoldmanwho/whomwelookedafterlastyear.他是我们去年照顾的那个老人。ThatisthebookwhichIamlookingfor.那就是我要找的书。2.感悟高考1.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof_______hasbeenproved.2.Manyyoungpeople,mostof_______werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.3.OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,______youcanhearsomelovelymusic.4.Acompany_______profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.5.However,therewasadeeplongingwithinme_______neverquiteleft.6.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere_______hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.7.Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon_______schooleducationdepends.8.ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,_______showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.9.Untilnow,wehaveraised50,000poundsforthepoorchildren,________isquiteunexpected.10.Amongthemanydangers______sailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.11.WhenIarrived,Bryantookmetoseethehouse_______Iwouldbestaying.12.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities________theycangainexperienceforgrowth.13.Theexactyear___________AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.14.Iamlookingforwardtotheday______mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingforher.15.Thereisnosimpleanswer,________isoftenthecaseinscience.16.I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsandthedarkwatersoftheLiRiver_________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.17.Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite,___________isannouncedintoday’snewspaper.18.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Ale