英语必修1人教新课标Unit2同步课件：语法讲义

Grammar直接引语和间接引语DirectandIndirectSpeechGrammar直接引语和间接引语DirectandIndS:MynameisSally.T:ShesaidthathernamewasSally.S:IwanttobeteacherswhenIgrowup.T:Shesaidthatshewantedtobeteacherswhenshegrewup.DirectspeechIndirectspeech直接引语：直接引述别人的原话

间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话一、定义----什么叫做直接引语和间接引语？S:MynameisSally.T:Shesai二、直接引语和间接引语的转化类型1)Hesaid,“I’mgoingtoBeijing.”→HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing.2)Heasked,“Areyouadoctor?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasadoctor.3)Shesaid,“Whatareyoudoing?”→SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.转述他人的陈述→陈述句

的转化转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句

的转化转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句的转化二、直接引语和间接引语的转化类型1)Hesaid,“Janesaidtoherfriend,

“IwanttowatchTV.”Janetoldherfriends(that)shewantedtowatchTV.1.陈述句从直接引语到间接引语的解题步骤：Janetoldherfriends(that)shewantedtowatchTV.1.saidto变成told2.用that引导间接引语，可省略3.注意人称代词和时态的变化

1.陈述句Janesaidtoherfriend,“Iw2.一般疑问句

Hesaid,“DoyouhaveanydifficultywithEnglish?”

Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmyEnglish.间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序

2.一般疑问句Hesaid,“DoyouhaveThey

asked

him＋if/whether＋Itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.it

was

easytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.Theyaskedhimif

/whetheritwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.2.一般疑问句从直接引语到间接引语的解题步骤：Theysaidtohim,"Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?"3：间接引语改成陈述句语序1：主句改为asked2：用if/whether引导间接引语，表示“是否”4：注意时态问题Theyaskedhim＋if/whether＋ItiTomaskedme,“AreyougoingtolearnEnglish?”Tomaskedwhether/ifIwasgoingtolearnEnglish.Tomaskedme,“Areyougoing3.特殊疑问句

Hesaidtome，“What'syourname?”

Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序

3.特殊疑问句Hesaidtome，“What's特殊疑问句：“Whendoyouharvestthewheat?”theyaskedhim.(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhenyouharvestthewheatyouharvestthewheat.heharvestedThey

askedhimwhen

heharvested

thewheat.特殊疑问句：TheyaskedhimWhenyouha2.“Whywereyoulateagain?”Theteachersaidtome.TheteacheraskedmewhyIwaslateagain.1．Tomaskedme,“Whoisyourbrother?”Tomaskedmewhomybrotheris.

2.“Whywereyoulateagain?”4.选择疑问句

Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”

HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.

Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.

用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…

4.选择疑问句Heasked,“Doyouspea5.祈使句直接引语是祈使句时，用ask/tell/ordersb.(not)todosth.句式。“Pleasecomewithme,Tom,”saidtheteacher.-----Theteacher

askedTomto

gowithhim.“Don’trunsoquickly,”Mr.Blacksaidtohim.-----Mr.Black

toldhimnotto

runsoquickly.5.祈使句

直接引语→间接引语（陈述句／一般疑问句／特殊疑问句）

四部走：１．做判断２．变人称(和中文里的逻辑是一样的，要符合常理)３．变时态４．变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方位性动词特殊直接引语→间接引语（陈述句／一般疑问句／特殊疑问句）特殊变时态直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时Theboysaidthathelikedtheteacher.Theboysaid,“Iliketheteacher.”现在进行时过去进行时Hesaid,“I

amwatching

TV.”HesaidthathewaswatchingTV.现在完成时过去完成时Tomsaid,“I

havedrunkthemilk.”Tomsaidthathehaddrunkthemilk.变时态直接引语间接引语一般现在时TheboysaidT变时态直接引语间接引语一般过去时过去完成时Theysaidthattheyhadseenherinthestreet.Theysaid,“Wesawherinthestreet.”过去完成时不变Hesaid,“I

hadfinishedmyworkbeforelunch.”Hesaidthathehadfinishedhisworkbeforelunch.一般将来时过去将来时Tomsaid,“I’lldoittomorrow.”Tomsaidthathewoulddoittomorrow.变时态直接引语间接引语一般过去时TheysaidthatThegeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变Thegeographyteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”ThegeographyteachertoldusShesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.2.

如果直接引语所强调的动作或者状态现在仍然存在，时态可不变MissZhangsaid,“Iamateacher.”MissZhangsaidsheisateacher.3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。Shesays,“I’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.”Shesaysthatshe’llneverfor

主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接说toldthat

主句的谓语动词可直接用引语

直接引语

间接引语指示代词

时间状语

地点状语

方向性动词

this,

that,

these

those

now,

then,

today

thatdaythisweek

thatweekyesterday

thedaybefore

lastweek

theweekbefore

fourdaysago

fourdaysbefore

thedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbefore

tomorrowthenextdaynextmonth

thenextmonthhere

therecome,

go,bringtake

直接引语间接引语指示代词时间状语地点状语方直接引语中的助动词间接引语中的助动词shallshouldwillwouldmaymightcancouldmustshouldshould（不变）wouldwould（不变）mightmight（不变）couldcould（不变）must/hadto直接引语中的助动词间接引语中的助动词shallshouldw直接引语和间接引语(二)祈使句变间接引语的用法一.1）直接引语如果是肯定的祈使句，变为间接引语时，在动词不定式之前用tell(让)，ask(请)，order(命令)，command(命令)，warn(警告)，advise(建议)等含有祈使意义的动词。tell/ask/order/commandsb.todosth.“Hurryup.”hesaid.→Hetoldmetohurryup.直接引语和间接引语(二)2）若祈使句为否定式，在动词不定式之前加nottell/ask/order/commandsb.nottodosth.Hesaidtothem，“Don'tgoout.”→Heorderedthemnottogoout.2）若祈使句为否定式，在动词不定式之前加not二．有些表建议、要求或劝告的祈使句变为间接引语时，可用suggest，offer等动词加以转述，此时注意这些词的固定搭配。Hesaid，“Let'sgototheschool.”→Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gototheschool.二．有些表建议、要求或劝告的祈使句变为间接引语时，可用sug三．直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语可以用what/how引导，也可用that.Shesaid，“Whatalovelydayitis！”→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或：Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.注意：有些感叹句的转述要根据原句的意思采用适当的动词变为陈述句。“HappyNewYear！”

hesaid.→HewishedmeaHappyNewYear.三．直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语可以用what/how引导，【链接训练】①“Don'tgiveupthehopebeforeyoureallytryhard.”Samsaid.变间接引语为________SamtoldmenottogiveupthehopebeforeIreallytriedhard.【解析】祈使句变间接引语时常用ask/tellsb.(not)todosth.，注意人称和时态的变化。【链接训练】②“WillyoucomeherenextSunday？”

Sunnyasked.变间接引语为________A．SunnytoldustocomeherenextSunday.B．SunnytoldustogotherenextSunday.C．SunnyaskedifwewouldgotherethenextSunday.D．SunnyaskedustocomeherethenextSunday.【解析】一般疑问句变为间引时用if或whether前面用ask，come变成go,时间状语加the【答案】

C②“WillyoucomeherenextSund③—Whatdidthedoctorsay?—He________Jimto________inbedfor2days.A．said；lie B．advised；layC．advised；lain D．told；lie【解析】考查间接引语中动词的选用及搭配。tellsb.todosth.“告诉某人做某事”；saysb.todosth.不搭配，所以排除A项；advise后虽可接sb.todosth.，但是B项和C项的lay和lain都不是躺“lie”的原形，所以都被排除掉。【答案】

D③—Whatdidthedoctorsay?④“Becarefulwiththedog，”

saidhe.He________metobecarefulwiththedog.A．said B．warnedC．begged D．hoped【解析】考查间接引语的动词选用。句意为：他告诫我小心那条狗。warn是“告诫，警告，提醒”的意思；A项和D项搭配不对；C项的beg是“请求；恳求”的意思，所以也不对，排除掉。【答案】

B④“Becarefulwiththedog，”saGrammar直接引语和间接引语DirectandIndirectSpeechGrammar直接引语和间接引语DirectandIndS:MynameisSally.T:ShesaidthathernamewasSally.S:IwanttobeteacherswhenIgrowup.T:Shesaidthatshewantedtobeteacherswhenshegrewup.DirectspeechIndirectspeech直接引语：直接引述别人的原话

间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话一、定义----什么叫做直接引语和间接引语？S:MynameisSally.T:Shesai二、直接引语和间接引语的转化类型1)Hesaid,“I’mgoingtoBeijing.”→HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing.2)Heasked,“Areyouadoctor?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasadoctor.3)Shesaid,“Whatareyoudoing?”→SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.转述他人的陈述→陈述句

的转化转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句

的转化转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句的转化二、直接引语和间接引语的转化类型1)Hesaid,“Janesaidtoherfriend,

“IwanttowatchTV.”Janetoldherfriends(that)shewantedtowatchTV.1.陈述句从直接引语到间接引语的解题步骤：Janetoldherfriends(that)shewantedtowatchTV.1.saidto变成told2.用that引导间接引语，可省略3.注意人称代词和时态的变化

1.陈述句Janesaidtoherfriend,“Iw2.一般疑问句

Hesaid,“DoyouhaveanydifficultywithEnglish?”

Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmyEnglish.间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序

2.一般疑问句Hesaid,“DoyouhaveThey

asked

him＋if/whether＋Itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.it

was

easytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.Theyaskedhimif

/whetheritwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.2.一般疑问句从直接引语到间接引语的解题步骤：Theysaidtohim,"Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?"3：间接引语改成陈述句语序1：主句改为asked2：用if/whether引导间接引语，表示“是否”4：注意时态问题Theyaskedhim＋if/whether＋ItiTomaskedme,“AreyougoingtolearnEnglish?”Tomaskedwhether/ifIwasgoingtolearnEnglish.Tomaskedme,“Areyougoing3.特殊疑问句

Hesaidtome，“What'syourname?”

Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序

3.特殊疑问句Hesaidtome，“What's特殊疑问句：“Whendoyouharvestthewheat?”theyaskedhim.(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhenyouharvestthewheatyouharvestthewheat.heharvestedThey

askedhimwhen

heharvested

thewheat.特殊疑问句：TheyaskedhimWhenyouha2.“Whywereyoulateagain?”Theteachersaidtome.TheteacheraskedmewhyIwaslateagain.1．Tomaskedme,“Whoisyourbrother?”Tomaskedmewhomybrotheris.

2.“Whywereyoulateagain?”4.选择疑问句

Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”

HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.

Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.

用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…

4.选择疑问句Heasked,“Doyouspea5.祈使句直接引语是祈使句时，用ask/tell/ordersb.(not)todosth.句式。“Pleasecomewithme,Tom,”saidtheteacher.-----Theteacher

askedTomto

gowithhim.“Don’trunsoquickly,”Mr.Blacksaidtohim.-----Mr.Black

toldhimnotto

runsoquickly.5.祈使句

直接引语→间接引语（陈述句／一般疑问句／特殊疑问句）

四部走：１．做判断２．变人称(和中文里的逻辑是一样的，要符合常理)３．变时态４．变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方位性动词特殊直接引语→间接引语（陈述句／一般疑问句／特殊疑问句）特殊变时态直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时Theboysaidthathelikedtheteacher.Theboysaid,“Iliketheteacher.”现在进行时过去进行时Hesaid,“I

amwatching

TV.”HesaidthathewaswatchingTV.现在完成时过去完成时Tomsaid,“I

havedrunkthemilk.”Tomsaidthathehaddrunkthemilk.变时态直接引语间接引语一般现在时TheboysaidT变时态直接引语间接引语一般过去时过去完成时Theysaidthattheyhadseenherinthestreet.Theysaid,“Wesawherinthestreet.”过去完成时不变Hesaid,“I

hadfinishedmyworkbeforelunch.”Hesaidthathehadfinishedhisworkbeforelunch.一般将来时过去将来时Tomsaid,“I’lldoittomorrow.”Tomsaidthathewoulddoittomorrow.变时态直接引语间接引语一般过去时TheysaidthatThegeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变Thegeographyteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”ThegeographyteachertoldusShesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.2.

如果直接引语所强调的动作或者状态现在仍然存在，时态可不变MissZhangsaid,“Iamateacher.”MissZhangsaidsheisateacher.3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。Shesays,“I’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.”Shesaysthatshe’llneverfor

主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接说toldthat

主句的谓语动词可直接用引语

直接引语

间接引语指示代词

时间状语

地点状语

方向性动词

this,

that,

these

those

now,

then,

today

thatdaythisweek

thatweekyesterday

thedaybefore

lastweek

theweekbefore

fourdaysago

fourdaysbefore

thedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbefore

tomorrowthenextdaynextmonth

thenextmonthhere

therecome,

go,bringtake

直接引语间接引语指示代词时间状语地点状语方直接引语中的助动词间接引语中的助动词shallshouldwillwouldmaymightcancouldmustshouldshould（不变）wouldwould（不变）mightmight（不变）couldcould（不变）must/hadto直接引语中的助动词间接引语中的助动词shallshouldw直接引语和间接引语(二)祈使句变间接引语的用法一.1）直接引语如果是肯定的祈使句，变为间接引语时，在动词不定式之前用tell(让)，ask(请)，order(命令)，command(命令)，warn(警告)，advise(建议)等含有祈使意义的动词。tell/ask/order/commandsb.todosth.“Hurryup.”hesaid.→Hetoldmetohurryup.直接引语和间接引语(二)2）若祈使句为否定式，在动词不定式之前加nottell/ask/order/commandsb.nottodosth.Hesaidtothem，“Don'tgoout.”→Heorderedthemnottogoout.2）若祈使句为否定式，在动词不定式之前加not二．有些表建议、要求或劝告的祈使句变为间接引语时，可用suggest，offer等动词加以转述，此时注意这些词的固定搭配。Hesaid，“Let'sgototheschool.”→Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gototheschool.二．有些表建议、要求或劝告的祈使句变为间接引语时，可用sug三．直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语可以用what/how引导，也可用that.Shesaid，“Whatalovelydayitis！”→Shesa