英语被动语态课件

PassivevoicePassivevoice1被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。被动语态基本用法21.规则动词的过去分词：1)一般情况在动词原形后加-edwatch---watched2)以不发音e结尾的加-dpractice---practiced3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-edstudy---studied4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop---stopped2.不规则动词的过去分词：amisarebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone1.规则动词的过去分词：1)一般情况在动词原形后加-edwa3Hisbrotherwashesbowlsevery

day.主谓宾(受动者)Bowlsare

washedbyhis

brother

every

day.改为被动语态Hisbrotherwashesbowlseve4TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinChina.PeoplespeakEnglishasthefirstlanguageinUK.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadebyusinChina.EnglishisspokenasthefirstlanguageinUK.你知道这些被动句的否定句和一般疑问句吗？TheyplayfootballonSunday.51.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoes

aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词变为被动语态1.Theymakeshoesinthat6Helookedafterthelittlebabyyesterday.主谓宾(受动者)Thelittlebaby

waslookedafterbyhimyesterday.Helookedafterthelittlebab7Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedthisroomforresting.Theyplantedmanytreesyearsago.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.Manytreeswereplantedbythemyearsago.Theybuiltthetallbuildingl82.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词2.Theyboughttencompu9Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)TheroomwillbecleanedbyTom

tomorrow.Tomwillcleantheroomtomo10Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosontheplaygroundtomorrow.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.Thefarmerswillgrowdifferentkindsofvegetablesnextspring.UncleWangwillmendtheTVsettomorrow.Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenontheplaygroundtomorrow.Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.Differentkindsofvegetableswillbegrownbythefarmersnextspring.TheTVsetwillbemendedbyUncleWangtomorrow.Wewillhaveasportsmeeting113.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词3.Theywillfinishtheworkin124．Amy

cantakegoodcareof

Tina

．Tina

canbetakengoodcareof

byAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词4．AmycantakegoodcareofT131.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.5.Jimcoulddoityesterday.Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.ItcouldbedonebyJimyesterday.1.Hecantakecareoftheba141.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.EXERCISES

areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttin153.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.The

ticket

was

found

was

told3.Ifoundtheticketonthefl165.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.

wasmadetohave

canbe

used5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveon177.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMust

be

finished7.Didyouplantmanytrees189.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.

we

were

given

were

giventous9.Theforeignfriendsgaveus1910.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.

wasasked

isdone10.TheteacheraskedTomtotu2012.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemended

mustbe

taken12.Hecanmendthebikeintwo2114.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?

is

studiedIs

talked

bythem14.Thestudentsinthisschool22下列时态的被动语态构成

Wehavefinishedourcompositions.

看一看想一想看一看想一想23We

havemade

twentymorekeys．Twentymorekeys

havebeenmade

byus.现在完成时：

S+have/has+been+过去分词Wehavemadetwentymoreke24总结：各种时态的被动语态构成总结：各种时态的被动语态构成25一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：现在完成时：情态动词：S+am/is/are+doneS+was/were+doneS+will+be+doneS+have/has+been+doneS+can/may/must/should+be+done各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：S+am/is/are+done各种时态的被26

时态

主动语态

被动语态一般现在时V.(原形)/V.(e)sam/is/are+V.pp一般过去时V.-ed/madewas/were+V.pp一般将来时will+V.(原形)will+be+V.pp含情态动词情态动词+V.(原形)情态动词+be+V.pp时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时V.(原27主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。主动语态变被动语态口诀：28

何时使用被动语态呢？

一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen．我的自行车被盗了。何时使用被动语态呢？29三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时30四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：TinaisaskedtocomebyPaul．Tina是被Paul叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989．

四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。31

主动语态变为被动语态的特殊情况:一、使役动词和感官动词在主动结构中，后面接不带to的不定式，但如果改成被动句，则需把省略的to加上，这类动词有：hear,see,watch,make,help,let等。

1)Iheard

himsinglastnight.

He

washeard

tosinglastnight.2)Wesaw

him

walkintothebuilding.He

wasseen

towalkintothebuilding.3)Thebossmade

them

work10hoursaday.

They

weremade

towork10hoursaday.

32makesb.doseesb.dohearsb.doletsb.dowatchsb.do

bemadetodobeseentodosb.beheardtodobelettodobewatchedtodo主动被动makesb.dobemadetodo主动被33考点三含双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态

1)Someonegavetheboy

anapple.

(间接宾语)

(直接宾语)

Anapple(物)wasgiven___theboy.

Theboy（人）

wasgivenanapple.

2)Hisfatherboughthimapresent.

Apresent

（物）wasbought____him.

He（人）

wasboughtapresent.

to

for考点三含双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态tofor34givesb.sth.passsb.sth.sellsb.sth.makesb.sth.buysb.sth.

begiventosb.bepassedtosb.besoldtosb.Sthbemadeforsb.beboughtforsb.主动被动givesb.sth.begivento35【考点四】lookforlookaftertakecareofhandinlaughatspeaktobelookedforbelookedafterbetakencareofbehandedinbelaughedatbespokento不要漏掉介词.Lilytookcareofthebaby.ThebabywastakencareofbyLily.主动被动小结：动词短语在转换成被动语态时，不能丢掉其中的__________。介词或副词【考点四】lookforbelookedfor不要漏36中考挑战中考挑战37历届中考试题小试身手1—Whatanicegarden!--It____everyday.AiscleaningBhascleanedCmustcleanDiscleaned2Thecomputers_____tothevillageschoolaspresentslastmonth.AaregivenBgivenCweregivenDgave3ItisreportedthattheUndergroundLineNo.3___inNanjingin2016.AwillbuildBhasbuiltCwillbebuiltDhasbeenbuilt历届中考试题小试身手1—Whatanicegarde384.Theletteris___inFrench.Ican'treadit.AwritingBwrittenCwroteDwrites5.–When___thiskindofcomputer_____?-Lastyear.Adid,useBwas,usedCis,usedDare,used4.Theletteris___inFrench396.Thousandsoftreesoverthemountains_____bythefarmerslastyear.AplantedBwasplantedCwereplantedDwillplant6.Thousandsoftreesoverthe407.Themedicine______inadryandcoolplace．AkeepBmustkeepCmustbekeptDmustbekeep8.Thisdictionarymustn't______fromthelibrary．AtakeawayBtakenawayCaretakenawayDbetakenaway9.Nooneknowshowthehugerocks____and____withoutourmodernmachineseighthundredyearsago．Aarecut；movedBwerecut；moveCarecut；movingDwerecut；moved7.Themedicine______inadry4110.–Lookatthesignontheright.–Oh,parking___here.Adoesn’tallowBisn’tallowedCdidn’tallowDwasn’tallowed11.DidyougotoSam’sweekendparty?–No,I_____.AamnotinvitedBwasn’tinvitedChaven’tinvitedDdidn’tinvited12.Thetelephone__byAlexanderGrahamBellin1876.

AwasinventedBhasbeeninventedCisinventedDwillbeinvented13.Lastyear,LiHua,acollegestudent,___toworkfortheOlympicGames.AischoosingBischosenCwaschoosingDwaschosen10.–Lookatthesignonther4214.Whenyouleavetheroom,makesurethedoor___.AwaslockedBislockedCwillbelockedDshouldbelocked15.IwanttobeaChineseteacherwhenIgrowup.–That’sgreat.Chineseteachers____inChinaandsomeforeigncountries.AneedBareneedingCareneededDwillneed14.Whenyouleavetheroom,ma4316.English___inmanycountries,butChinese___theirownlanguage.Aisspoken,speaksBspeaks,isspokenCisspoken,isspokenDisspoken,speak17.Theskirtlooksdifferentfromothersanditisnice.–Thanks.It___bymymotherlastmonth.AmadeBismadeChasbeenmadeDwasmade18.Thechildren___toswimlastmonthandtheycanswimverywellnow.AaretaughtBweretaughtChavetaughtDtaught16.English___inmanycountr4419.—Whatshouldwedofirstifwewanttodevelopourvillage?--Alotofnewroads_____,Ithink.AhavetobuildBmustbuildChavebuiltDmustbebuilt20.Jamesismyfriend.He____Jimforshort.AcallsBiscalledCcalledDiscalling21.TwentystudentsinthisUniversity____toAustraliatostudylastyear,andmorestudentsareexpectingtohavethechancenextyear.AaresentBweresentCwillsendD.send19.—Whatshouldwedofirstif45That’sall.That’sall.46PassivevoicePassivevoice47被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。被动语态基本用法481.规则动词的过去分词：1)一般情况在动词原形后加-edwatch---watched2)以不发音e结尾的加-dpractice---practiced3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-edstudy---studied4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop---stopped2.不规则动词的过去分词：amisarebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone1.规则动词的过去分词：1)一般情况在动词原形后加-edwa49Hisbrotherwashesbowlsevery

day.主谓宾(受动者)Bowlsare

washedbyhis

brother

every

day.改为被动语态Hisbrotherwashesbowlseve50TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinChina.PeoplespeakEnglishasthefirstlanguageinUK.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadebyusinChina.EnglishisspokenasthefirstlanguageinUK.你知道这些被动句的否定句和一般疑问句吗？TheyplayfootballonSunday.511.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoes

aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词变为被动语态1.Theymakeshoesinthat52Helookedafterthelittlebabyyesterday.主谓宾(受动者)Thelittlebaby

waslookedafterbyhimyesterday.Helookedafterthelittlebab53Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedthisroomforresting.Theyplantedmanytreesyearsago.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.Manytreeswereplantedbythemyearsago.Theybuiltthetallbuildingl542.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词2.Theyboughttencompu55Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)TheroomwillbecleanedbyTom

tomorrow.Tomwillcleantheroomtomo56Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosontheplaygroundtomorrow.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.Thefarmerswillgrowdifferentkindsofvegetablesnextspring.UncleWangwillmendtheTVsettomorrow.Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenontheplaygroundtomorrow.Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.Differentkindsofvegetableswillbegrownbythefarmersnextspring.TheTVsetwillbemendedbyUncleWangtomorrow.Wewillhaveasportsmeeting573.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词3.Theywillfinishtheworkin584．Amy

cantakegoodcareof

Tina

．Tina

canbetakengoodcareof

byAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词4．AmycantakegoodcareofT591.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.5.Jimcoulddoityesterday.Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.ItcouldbedonebyJimyesterday.1.Hecantakecareoftheba601.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.EXERCISES

areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttin613.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.The

ticket

was

found

was

told3.Ifoundtheticketonthefl625.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.

wasmadetohave

canbe

used5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveon637.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMust

be

finished7.Didyouplantmanytrees649.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.

we

were

given

were

giventous9.Theforeignfriendsgaveus6510.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.

wasasked

isdone10.TheteacheraskedTomtotu6612.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemended

mustbe

taken12.Hecanmendthebikeintwo6714.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?

is

studiedIs

talked

bythem14.Thestudentsinthisschool68下列时态的被动语态构成

Wehavefinishedourcompositions.

看一看想一想看一看想一想69We

havemade

twentymorekeys．Twentymorekeys

havebeenmade

byus.现在完成时：

S+have/has+been+过去分词Wehavemadetwentymoreke70总结：各种时态的被动语态构成总结：各种时态的被动语态构成71一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：现在完成时：情态动词：S+am/is/are+doneS+was/were+doneS+will+be+doneS+have/has+been+doneS+can/may/must/should+be+done各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：S+am/is/are+done各种时态的被72

时态

主动语态

被动语态一般现在时V.(原形)/V.(e)sam/is/are+V.pp一般过去时V.-ed/madewas/were+V.pp一般将来时will+V.(原形)will+be+V.pp含情态动词情态动词+V.(原形)情态动词+be+V.pp时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时V.(原73主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。主动语态变被动语态口诀：74

何时使用被动语态呢？

一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen．我的自行车被盗了。何时使用被动语态呢？75三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时76四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：TinaisaskedtocomebyPaul．Tina是被Paul叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989．

四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。77

主动语态变为被动语态的特殊情况:一、使役动词和感官动词在主动结构中，后面接不带to的不定式，但如果改成被动句，则需把省略的to加上，这类动词有：hear,see,watch,make,help,let等。

1)Iheard

himsinglastnight.

He

washeard

tosinglastnight.2)Wesaw

him

walkintothebuilding.He

wasseen

towalkintothebuilding.3)Thebossmade

them

work10hoursaday.

They

weremade

towork10hoursaday.

78makesb.doseesb.dohearsb.doletsb.dowatchsb.do

bemadetodobeseentodosb.beheardtodobelettodobewatchedtodo主动被动makesb.dobemadetodo主动被79考点三含双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态

1)Someonegavetheboy

anapple.

(间接宾语)

(直接宾语)

Anapple(物)wasgiven___theboy.

Theboy（人）

wasgivenanapple.

2)Hisfatherboughthimapresent.

Apresent

（物）wasbought____him.

He（人）

wasboughtapresent.

to

for考点三含双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态tofor80givesb.sth.passsb.sth.sellsb.sth.makesb.sth.buysb.sth.

begiventosb.bepassedtosb.besoldtosb.Sthbemadeforsb.beboughtforsb.主动被动givesb.sth.begivento81【考点四】lookforlookaftertakecareofhandinlaughatspeaktobelookedforbelookedafterbetakencareofbehandedinbelaughedatbespokento不要漏掉介词.Lilytookcareofthebaby.ThebabywastakencareofbyLily.主动被动小结：动词短语在转换成被动语态时，不能丢掉其中的__________。介词或副词【考点四】lookforbelookedfor不要漏82中考挑战中考挑战83历届中考试题小试身手1—Whatanicegarden!--It____everyday.AiscleaningBhascleanedCmustcleanDiscleaned2Thecomputers_____tothevillageschoolaspresentslastmonth.AaregivenBgivenCweregivenDgave3ItisreportedthattheUndergroundLineNo.3___inNanjingin2016.AwillbuildBhasbuiltCwillbebuiltDhasbeenbuilt历届中考试题小试身手1—Whatanicegarde844.Theletteris___inFrench.Ican'treadit.AwritingBwrittenCwroteDwrites5.–When___thiskindofcomputer_____?-Lastyear.Adid,useBwas,usedCis,usedDare,used4.Theletteris___inFrench856.Thousandsoftreesoverthemountains_____bythefarmerslastyear.AplantedBwasplantedCwereplantedDwillplant6.Thousandsoftreesoverthe867.Themedicine______inadryandcoolplace．A