高中英语module-2教学unit4-m2-unit-4new-word课件

Unit4Newwords编辑pptUnit4Newwords编辑ppt1

tect----protection---protectivelose---lossrespond----responserelieve---relieflaugh—laughter

contain---container

容器affect----effectappreciate---appreciationsucceed---successemploy---employeremployeeinspect---inspectionn.–adj.distance---distantimportance—importantpower--powerfulasenseofsecurity---secureharm—harmfuldust—dusty

v.decrease减少---increase增加编辑tect----protec2protectionn.保护protectvt.~sth.from/against…保护…避免…protecthiseyes

from/againstthesunshine2.decrease减少increase增加decreasefrom55

to

45Thenumberhasdecreasedby20%thisyear.3.endangerv.使…遭受危害dangern.危险endangeredadj.濒危的dangerousadj.具有危险性的beindanger

处于危险之中beoutofdanger脱离危险编辑pptprotectionn.保护2.decrease减少34.dieout灭亡；灭绝Manyanimalshavediedoutinthepast

100years.

Manyoldcustoms

aredyingout.

dieaway

声音，风，光等渐渐消失dieoff(一群生物)相继死去diedown物质特性或情感变弱，逐渐平息编辑ppt4.dieout灭亡；灭绝编辑ppt45.lossn.损失；遗失；丧失；败北Hesufferedalossof10,000dollarsonthebusiness.belostin沉迷于，埋首ataloss

困惑，不知所措

Hewas______whattosaytotheteacher’squestion.Obviouslyhe__________thoughtjustnow.atalosswaslostin编辑ppt5.lossn.损失；遗失；丧失；败北atal56.reserve---reservation--（1）

Wemustreservetwoseatsontheplane.

(2)

Youhadbetterreservethemoneyforfutureneed.

(3)

Wewatchedthelionsinthenaturereserve.预约保留，存储保护区编辑ppt6.reserve---reservation--预约保留67.hunt

gohunting去打猎

huntfor寻找

huntfor/after追逐

ahuntingdog编辑ppt7.huntgohunting去打猎编辑ppt78.inpeaceIwishyou’dleavemeinpeace–I’roubleinruinsingoodconditioninhighspiritsinsilence编辑ppt8.inpeaceintrouble编辑ppt89.inrelief如释重负/松了口气

Whentheheadmasterwalkedoutoftheclassroom,thestudentswereinrelief.toone’srelief使某人感到宽慰的是Muchtoourrelief,herinjurieswereonlyslight.10.burstintolaughterSheburstintotears.burstoutlaughing

编辑ppt9.inrelief如释重负/松了口气10.bu911．containvt.包含Thisbookcontainsinformationthatyouneed.Applescontainwaterandsugar.含有容纳Thisroomcancontain56students.

seat/admit12.affect—effectaffectsth./sb.=haveaneffectonsth./sb.

对……有影响Asuddenchangeinweathermayaffectyourhealth.Themedicinehasaneffectonme.

编辑ppt11．containvt.包含12.affect—1013.appreciate感激；鉴赏；意识到Iappreciateyourhelp.appreciate+doingIappreciatedbeinginvitedtotheparty.appreciateit+if引导的从句I’llappreciateitifyoucanhelpuswiththework.

不胜感激编辑ppt13.appreciate感激；鉴赏；意识到编辑ppt1114.succeed(1)vi.成功(2)v.接替，继任，继承

PrinceWilliamwillsucceedtothethroneof

Britain.威廉王子将继承英国王位。Thefilmisagreatsuccess.successn.［U］成功，［C］成功的人或事；successfuladj.成功的；successfullyadv.成功地；succeedin(doing)sth.成功做某事；编辑ppt14.succeed(1)vi.成功编辑ppt1215.employemployer

n.雇主；employeen.受雇者；employment

n.职业unemployment

n.失业，失业状态。

employoneselfin使从事于，使忙于；

beemployedin从事于，忙于。编辑ppt15.employ编辑ppt1316.harm

n.损害，伤害

harmfuladj.(尤指对健康或环境)有害的；doharmto

损害，对……有害；Readinginthesundoesharmtoourhealth.

beharmfulto编辑ppt16.harmn.损害，伤害编辑ppt14bite

bitesbinthearm17.incident事件accident意外事件，意外事故编辑pptbite编辑ppt15编辑ppt编辑ppt16编辑ppt编辑ppt172.asaresult

结果，因此.做状语Heatesomebadfish.Asaresult,hefellill.

asaresultof

由于……的原因后接名词/动名词/what引导的宾语从句Asaresultofwhathesaid,hismothergotveryangry.Hefellfromthehorse.

Asaresult,

hewasunabletogotoworkthenextday.=Hewasunabletoworkthenextday

astheresultof

thefallfromhishorse.编辑ppt2.asaresult结果，因此.做状语编辑ppt188.beingleftinpeaceleave(thetigers)inpeaceleave+O.+OC.leave+O.+N.(leavehimanorphan)leave+O.+adj.(leavethewindowopen)leave+O.+adv.(leavethelighton)leave+O.+doing(leavehimshoutingintherain)leave+O.+done(leavetheillnessuntreated)编辑ppt8.beingleftinpeaceleave+O1910.Daisyhadalwayslongedtohelpendangeredspeciesofwildlife.

longtodosth.longforsth.渴望

We’re

longingfor

peace.He

longedto

seeher.We

longedfor

thesummertobeoversoon.编辑ppt10.Daisyhadalwayslongedto2011.Beneathourstomachs(复数）Ihaveapaininmystomach=Ihaveastomachache.我肚子痛。Ihaveno

stomach

forthisheavyfood.(胃口）haveastomachfor

对……有胃口

onafullstomach吃饱时onanemptystomach空腹时

turnone’sstomach想呕吐

编辑ppt11.Beneathourstomachs(复数）编辑2112.turnaround转过去，围绕……旋转Theearthturnsaroundthesun.turnon/off

打开/关掉

turnup/down

开大/减弱turnto

向……求助

turnagainst

反对

turnover

翻转，考虑turnaway

解雇

turnback

折回编辑ppt12.turnaround转过去，围绕……旋转编辑pp2215.That’sbetter,butI’dliketohelpastheWWFsuggests.Themonitor

suggestedavisit

tothathillthisweek.Themonitor

suggestedvisitingthathill

thisweek.Themonitor

suggestedwe(should)visit

thathillthisweek.Theexperts

suggestedtothegovernment

severalpossiblesolutionstotheproblem.Thesmileonhisface

suggestedthathewasglad

tohelp.编辑ppt15.That’sbetter,butI’tect……from保护……免受……危害Heiswearingsunglassestoprotecthiseyesfromthestrongsunlight.Theheavycoatcanprotectmefrom/againstcold.Wemustdosomethingtoprotectthetreesfrombeingcutdown.阻止某人干某事keepsb.fromdoingsth.stopsb.fromdoingsth.preventsb.fromdoingsth.

Theschoolstoppedthestudentsfromplayingcomputergames.编辑tect……from保护……免受……危害编24降雨量直接影响庄稼的生长。

他们的观点不会影响我的决定。Theamountofrainaffectsthecrops.Theiropinionwillnotaffectmydecision.生效；开始实施实际上comeintoeffect

开始起作用；见效ineffecttakeeffectTheoldman’swords______________me,andIalwaysrememberwhathesaid.Lucysaidsheleftherhomeworkathome,_______shedidn’tfinishit.Themedicine_____________inonehourafteryoutakeit.Thisnewteachingsystemofourschool_____________nextmonth.hadaneffectonineffecttakeseffectwillcomeintoeffect编辑ppt降雨量直接影响庄稼的生长。Theamountofrai2520.Norainforest,noanimals,nodrugs.没有热带雨林，就没有动物，也没有药物。Nopains,nogains.Nothingventure,nothinggain.不入虎穴焉得虎子。Nothingseek,nothingfind无求则无获。编辑ppt20.Norainforest,noanimals26现在进行时被动语态的构成：编辑ppt现在进行时被动语态的构成：编辑ppt27现在进行时的被动语态有肯定式、否定式、一般疑问式及特殊疑问式四种结构，现分述如下：1.肯定式：由“主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词”构成,其中的am/is/are及being均是助动词，无任何词汇意义。

Anewhouseisbeingbuiltoverthere.Theyarebeingtrainedatthecenter.编辑ppt现在进行时的被动语态有肯定式、否定式、Anewhou282.否定式：由"主语+am/is/are+not+being+过去分词"构成。

Thequestionisnotbeingdiscussedatthemeeting.Iamnotbeinghelpedatpresent.编辑ppt2.否定式：由"主语+am/is/are+not+b293.一般疑问式及其回答由“Am/Is/Are+主语+being+过分？”构成，答语一般采用简略式，使用助动词am,is或are。1)—Isthecarbeingrepaired?—Yes,itis./No,itisn't.2)—Aretheybeingtreatedbythedoctors?—Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.编辑ppt3.一般疑问式及其回答编辑ppt30特殊疑问式及其回答主要有三种句式，回答时，不能使用yes或no，而应根据实际情况回答。

a:疑问词（作主语）＋is/are+being+过去分词？—Whatisbeingdoneoverthere?—Anewlakeisbeingbuilt.编辑ppt特殊疑问式及其回答主要有三种句式，回答时，不能使用yes或n31特殊疑问式及其回答主要有三种句式，回答时，不能使用yes或no，而应根据实际情况回答。b:疑问词（作定语）＋主语＋is/are+being+过去分词？—Howmanyapplesarebeingshipped?—Onehundredtons.编辑ppt特殊疑问式及其回答主要有三种句式，回答时，不能使用yes或n32特殊疑问式及其回答主要有三种句式，回答时，不能使用yes或no，而应根据实际情况回答。c:疑问词+is/are+主语+being+过去分词?—Wherearethemachinesbeingrepaired?—Inthefactory.编辑ppt特殊疑问式及其回答主要有三种句式，回答时，不能使用yes或n33现在进行时被动语态的用法编辑ppt现在进行时被动语态的用法编辑ppt341.表现正在进行或发生的被动动作，常与now,look等词连用。

Heisbeingoperatedoninthehospital.Helicoptersarebeingsent(byus)to

rescuethemnow.编辑ppt1.表现正在进行或发生的被动动作，常编辑ppt352.表示现阶段或目前这段时间正在进行的被动动作，但这一被动动作在此时此刻不一定正在发生。

Anewfactoryisbeingbuilt.

TheyarebeingtaughtEnglishatpresent.编辑ppt2.表示现阶段或目前这段时间正在进行的被动动作，但这一被动363.表示一种经常性或习惯性的被动行为，常与always,forever,continually,constantly等词连用，往往带有夸张、羡慕、赞扬、责备、厌烦及埋怨等感情色彩。

Thenaughtyboyisalwaysbeingscoldedbyhisfather.

Tomisalwaysbeingpraisedbytheteacher.编辑ppt3.表示一种经常性或习惯性的被动行为，常与always,374．与情态动词连用，表示对现在正在发生的被动行为的推测。Johnisnothere.

Hemustbebeinginterviewed(2)—Doyouknowwhatsmithisdoing?—Heisill.Hemaybebeingexaminedbythedoctor.编辑ppt4．与情态动词连用，表示对现在正在发生的被动行为的推测。编辑381.注意助动词的运用。现在进行时的被动语态有两个助动词，一是助动词be的相应形式，为现在进行时的助动词；二是助动词being，为被动语态的助动词，这两个助动词缺一不可，并且不可颠倒顺序。

这些动物目前正被放了出来。

Theanimalsarebeingsetfreeatpresent.注意编辑ppt1.注意助动词的运用。注意编辑ppt392.注意短语动语后面的介词不可漏掉。有些动词短语如takecareof,lookafter,talkabout等，用于被动结构时，后面的介词不可漏掉。

Thebabyisbeingtakengoodcareof.编辑ppt2.注意短语动语后面的介词不可漏掉。编辑ppt40

3.注意动词的性质。

有些动词，通常是不及物动词即表示某种情况或状态动词，如：appear,rise,die,happen,occur,lie,belongto,breakout,takeplace,fit,

mean,become,fail,consistof,looklike及cost等不可用于被动语态。编辑ppt3.注意动词的性质。编辑ppt414.注意时间状语及上下文的含义。现在进行时的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用。编辑ppt4.注意时间状语及上下文的含义。编辑ppt42Istilldon’tknowwhat___whileIwasaway.A.hashappenedB.washappenedC.happenedD.hadhappened编辑pptIstilldon’tknowwhat___wh432.Thebridgewhich___lastyear___reallybeautiful.A.wasbuilt;looksB.wasbuilding;looksC.wasbuilt;islookedD.wasbuilding;islooked编辑ppt2.Thebridgewhich___lasty443.Themanagertoldmethathe___in1975.A.hasbornB.bornC.wasbornD.hadborn编辑ppt3.Themanagertoldmethathe454.Thecamerayou___now___tome.A.use;isbelongedB.areusing;isbelongedC.use;isbelongingD.areusing;belongs

编辑ppt4.Thecamerayou___now___465.I___thatthey___anewmachine.A.wastold;weredesigningB.told;weredesigningC.wastold;designingD.told;haddesigned编辑ppt5.I___thatthey___anewm47完成下面的句子。1.Thenews____________(被讨论)abouteverywhere.isbeingtalked编辑ppt完成下面的句子。1.Thenews__________482.Alotoftallbuildings___________(建立),andpeoplewillmoveinnextyear.arebeingset编辑ppt2.Alotoftallbuildings___493.Mostofthestreetsinthecityhasbeenwidenedandmanynewbuildings_______________.(重建)arebeingrebuilt编辑ppt3.Mostofthestreetsinthe50SEEYOU编辑pptSEEYOU编辑ppt51Unit4Newwords编辑pptUnit4Newwords编辑ppt52

tect----protection---protectivelose---lossrespond----responserelieve---relieflaugh—laughter

contain---container

容器affect----effectappreciate---appreciationsucceed---successemploy---employeremployeeinspect---inspectionn.–adj.distance---distantimportance—importantpower--powerfulasenseofsecurity---secureharm—harmfuldust—dusty

v.decrease减少---increase增加编辑tect----protec53protectionn.保护protectvt.~sth.from/against…保护…避免…protecthiseyes

from/againstthesunshine2.decrease减少increase增加decreasefrom55

to

45Thenumberhasdecreasedby20%thisyear.3.endangerv.使…遭受危害dangern.危险endangeredadj.濒危的dangerousadj.具有危险性的beindanger

处于危险之中beoutofdanger脱离危险编辑pptprotectionn.保护2.decrease减少544.dieout灭亡；灭绝Manyanimalshavediedoutinthepast

100years.

Manyoldcustoms

aredyingout.

dieaway

声音，风，光等渐渐消失dieoff(一群生物)相继死去diedown物质特性或情感变弱，逐渐平息编辑ppt4.dieout灭亡；灭绝编辑ppt555.lossn.损失；遗失；丧失；败北Hesufferedalossof10,000dollarsonthebusiness.belostin沉迷于，埋首ataloss

困惑，不知所措

Hewas______whattosaytotheteacher’squestion.Obviouslyhe__________thoughtjustnow.atalosswaslostin编辑ppt5.lossn.损失；遗失；丧失；败北atal566.reserve---reservation--（1）

Wemustreservetwoseatsontheplane.

(2)

Youhadbetterreservethemoneyforfutureneed.

(3)

Wewatchedthelionsinthenaturereserve.预约保留，存储保护区编辑ppt6.reserve---reservation--预约保留577.hunt

gohunting去打猎

huntfor寻找

huntfor/after追逐

ahuntingdog编辑ppt7.huntgohunting去打猎编辑ppt588.inpeaceIwishyou’dleavemeinpeace–I’roubleinruinsingoodconditioninhighspiritsinsilence编辑ppt8.inpeaceintrouble编辑ppt599.inrelief如释重负/松了口气

Whentheheadmasterwalkedoutoftheclassroom,thestudentswereinrelief.toone’srelief使某人感到宽慰的是Muchtoourrelief,herinjurieswereonlyslight.10.burstintolaughterSheburstintotears.burstoutlaughing

编辑ppt9.inrelief如释重负/松了口气10.bu6011．containvt.包含Thisbookcontainsinformationthatyouneed.Applescontainwaterandsugar.含有容纳Thisroomcancontain56students.

seat/admit12.affect—effectaffectsth./sb.=haveaneffectonsth./sb.

对……有影响Asuddenchangeinweathermayaffectyourhealth.Themedicinehasaneffectonme.

编辑ppt11．containvt.包含12.affect—6113.appreciate感激；鉴赏；意识到Iappreciateyourhelp.appreciate+doingIappreciatedbeinginvitedtotheparty.appreciateit+if引导的从句I’llappreciateitifyoucanhelpuswiththework.

不胜感激编辑ppt13.appreciate感激；鉴赏；意识到编辑ppt6214.succeed(1)vi.成功(2)v.接替，继任，继承

PrinceWilliamwillsucceedtothethroneof

Britain.威廉王子将继承英国王位。Thefilmisagreatsuccess.successn.［U］成功，［C］成功的人或事；successfuladj.成功的；successfullyadv.成功地；succeedin(doing)sth.成功做某事；编辑ppt14.succeed(1)vi.成功编辑ppt6315.employemployer

n.雇主；employeen.受雇者；employment

n.职业unemployment

n.失业，失业状态。

employoneselfin使从事于，使忙于；

beemployedin从事于，忙于。编辑ppt15.employ编辑ppt6416.harm

n.损害，伤害

harmfuladj.(尤指对健康或环境)有害的；doharmto

损害，对……有害；Readinginthesundoesharmtoourhealth.

beharmfulto编辑ppt16.harmn.损害，伤害编辑ppt65bite

bitesbinthearm17.incident事件accident意外事件，意外事故编辑pptbite编辑ppt66编辑ppt编辑ppt67编辑ppt编辑ppt682.asaresult

结果，因此.做状语Heatesomebadfish.Asaresult,hefellill.

asaresultof

由于……的原因后接名词/动名词/what引导的宾语从句Asaresultofwhathesaid,hismothergotveryangry.Hefellfromthehorse.

Asaresult,

hewasunabletogotoworkthenextday.=Hewasunabletoworkthenextday

astheresultof

thefallfromhishorse.编辑ppt2.asaresult结果，因此.做状语编辑ppt698.beingleftinpeaceleave(thetigers)inpeaceleave+O.+OC.leave+O.+N.(leavehimanorphan)leave+O.+adj.(leavethewindowopen)leave+O.+adv.(leavethelighton)leave+O.+doing(leavehimshoutingintherain)leave+O.+done(leavetheillnessuntreated)编辑ppt8.beingleftinpeaceleave+O7010.Daisyhadalwayslongedtohelpendangeredspeciesofwildlife.

longtodosth.longforsth.渴望

We’re

longingfor

peace.He

longedto

seeher.We

longedfor

thesummertobeoversoon.编辑ppt10.Daisyhadalwayslongedto7111.Beneathourstomachs(复数）Ihaveapaininmystomach=Ihaveastomachache.我肚子痛。Ihaveno

stomach

forthisheavyfood.(胃口）haveastomachfor

对……有胃口

onafullstomach吃饱时onanemptystomach空腹时

turnone’sstomach想呕吐

编辑ppt11.Beneathourstomachs(复数）编辑7212.turnaround转过去，围绕……旋转Theearthturnsaroundthesun.turnon/off

打开/关掉

turnup/down

开大/减弱turnto

向……求助

turnagainst

反对

turnover

翻转，考虑turnaway

解雇

turnback

折回编辑ppt12.turnaround转过去，围绕……旋转编辑pp7315.That’sbetter,butI’dliketohelpastheWWFsuggests.Themonitor

suggestedavisit

tothathillthisweek.Themonitor

suggestedvisitingthathill

thisweek.Themonitor

suggestedwe(should)visit

thathillthisweek.Theexperts

suggestedtothegovernment

severalpossiblesolutionstotheproblem.Thesmileonhisface

suggestedthathewasglad

tohelp.编辑ppt15.That’sbetter,butI’tect……from保护……免受……危害Heiswearingsunglassestoprotecthiseyesfromthestrongsunlight.Theheavycoatcanprotectmefrom/againstcold.Wemustdosomethingtoprotectthetreesfrombeingcutdown.阻止某人干某事keepsb.fromdoingsth.stopsb.fromdoingsth.preventsb.fromdoingsth.

Theschoolstoppedthestudentsfromplayingcomputergames.编辑tect……from保护……免受……危害编75降雨量直接影响庄稼的生长。

他们的观点不会影响我的决定。Theamountofrainaffectsthecrops.Theiropinionwillnotaffectmydecision.生效；开始实施实际上comeintoeffect

开始起作用；见效ineffecttakeeffectTheoldman’swords______________me,andIalwaysrememberwhathesaid.Lucysaidsheleftherhomeworkathome,_______shedidn’tfinishit.Themedicine_____________inonehourafteryoutakeit.Thisnewteachingsystemofourschool_____________nextmonth.hadaneffectonineffecttakeseffectwillcomeintoeffect编辑ppt降雨量直接影响庄稼的生长。Theamountofrai7620.Norainforest,noanimals,nodrugs.没有热带雨林，就没有动物，也没有药物。Nopains,nogains.Nothingventure,nothinggain.不入虎穴焉得虎子。Nothingseek,nothingfind无求则无获。编辑ppt20.Norainforest,noanimals77现在进行时被动语态的构成：编辑ppt现在进行时被动语态的构成：编辑ppt78现在进行时的被动语态有肯定式、否定式、一般疑问式及特殊疑问式四种结构，现分述如下：1.肯定式：由“主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词”构成,其中的am/is/are及being均是助动词，无任何词汇意义。

Anewhouseisbeingbuiltoverthere.Theyarebeingtrainedatthecenter.编辑ppt现在进行时的被动语态有肯定式、否定式、Anewhou792.否定式：由"主语+am/is/are+not+being+过去分词"构成。

Thequestionisnotbeingdiscussedatthemeeting.Iamnotbeinghelpedatpresent.编辑ppt2.否定式：由"主语+am/is/are+not+b803.一般疑问式及其回答由“Am/Is/Are+主语+being+过分？”构成，答语一般采用简略式，使用助动词am,is或are。1)—Isthecarbeingrepaired?—Yes,itis./No,itisn't.2)—Aretheybeingtreatedbythedoctors?—Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.编辑ppt3.一般疑问式及其回答编辑ppt81特殊疑问式及其回答主要有三种句式，回答时，不能使用yes或no，而应根据实际情况回答。

a:疑问词（作主语）＋is/are+being+过去分词？—Whatisbeingdoneoverthere?—Anewlakeisbeingbuilt.编辑ppt特殊疑问式及其回答主要有三种句式，回答时，不能使用yes或n82特殊疑问式及其回答主要有三种句式，回答时，不能使用yes或no，而应根据实际情况回答。b:疑问词（作定语）＋主语＋is/are+being+过去分词？—Howmanyapplesarebeingshipped?—Onehundredtons.编辑ppt特殊疑问式及其回答主要有三种句式，回答时，不能使用yes或n83特殊疑问式及其回答主要有三种句式，回答时，不能使用yes或no，而应根据实际情况回答。c:疑问词+is/are+主语+being+过去分词?—Wherearethemachinesbeingrepaired?—Inthefactory.编辑ppt特殊疑问式及其回答主要有三种句式，回答时，不能使用yes或n84现在进行时被动语态的用法编辑ppt现在进行时被动语态的用法编辑ppt851.表现正在进行或发生的被动动作，常与now,look等词连用。

Heisbeingoperatedoninthehospital.Helicoptersarebeingsent(byus)to

rescuethemnow.编辑ppt1.表现正在进行或发生的被动动作，常编辑ppt862.表示现阶段或目前这段时间正在进行的被动动作，但这一被动动作在此时此刻不一定正在发生。

Anewfactoryisbeingbuilt.

TheyarebeingtaughtEnglishatpresent.编辑ppt2.表示现阶段或目前这段时间正在进行的被动动作，但这一被动873.表示一种经常性或习惯性的被动行为，常与always,forever,continually,constantly等词连用，往往带有夸张、羡慕、赞扬、责备、厌烦及埋怨等感情色彩。

Thenaughtyboyisalwaysbeingscoldedbyhisfather.

Tomisalwaysbeingpraisedbytheteacher.编辑ppt3.表示一种经常性或习惯性的被动行为，常与always,884．与情态动词连用，表示对现在正在发生的被动行为的推测。Johnisnothere.

Hemustbebeinginterviewed(2)—Doyouknowwhatsmithisdoing?—Heisill.Hemaybebeingexaminedbythedoctor.编辑ppt4．与情态动词连用，表示对现在正在发生的被动行为的推测。编辑891.注意助动词的运用。现在进行时的被动语态有两个助动词，一是助动词be的相