2019届二轮复习阅读理解七选五专题 从空格在段中位置思考 (二)-因果、转折、例证关系

2019届二轮复习阅读理解七选五专题从空格在段中位置思考（二）——因果、转折、例证关系班题感陟金考.怎么解四根据因果关系解题［典例］（2017•北京高考片段）...Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.72Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing（加强）connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear....A．Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.E．That’swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.［解析］选E此题从行文逻辑上判断属因果关系。空前一句的意思是，有一种观点认为，睡眠有助于增强新的记忆，选项E（那就是为什么学生如果能在学习之后有机会睡觉的话，他们就会在考试中发挥更好）是上文产生的结果。该项中的That指代的就是前面的观点，因此正确答案为E。［增分技巧］表示因果关系的词有：so/therefore,thus,consequently（结果）,asaresult（of）,so/such...that...,sothat...等。五根据转折关系解题［典例］（2018•全国卷I片段）...Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.37,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere’rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.A．WhileallofthemareusefulC．Ifyou’reexperimentingwithacolor［解析］选A此题属转折关系，前句讲的是“有几种技巧帮助设计者”，空后句意为“它们会有一点复杂”，显然前后句意有“转折”，故A项符合语境。［增分技巧］表示转折或对比关系的词有：but,however,yet,while/though,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead,nevertheless^而）,still,yet,onthecontrary,incontrast/comparison等。六、根据例证关系解题［典例］（2016•全国卷I片段）...Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”...B．Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.E．Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.［解析］选E本题采用的思维方式是演绎（从观点到例子），空格后的句子是例子，即“Forexample,thefirstlettersof'Myelephanteatstoomanyeels'spelloutthehiddenmessage'Meetme.’”。故选E项。［增分技巧］例证关系表示前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。常见的表示例证关系的标志词有：forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatistosay等。［小结］上下文逻辑关系语句是对段落中的细节信息的考查，属于句子与句子间的逻辑顺序的排列。做此类试题要注意文章的语句间的组合，一是要判断语句间的逻辑意义关系：并列、顺承、递进、因果、转折、例证等关系。二是借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握，因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系。铺阴影的题目为段中逻辑关系题ACanwebereallyhappyandcontentwithourlife?Actually,werarelycomeacrossapersonwhocanclaimtobeperfectlycontentwithwhathehas.Weallwishtohavemorethanwhatwealreadyhave.1Soonwewouldwantsomethingmoreorsomethingdifferent.Whyarehumansneversatisfied?Oneofthereasonsiscomparingwithothers.Whencomparingourselveswithothers,wetendtorarelyfocusonourownuniquetalentsandabilities,orwhatwealreadyhave.2Curiositycanalsomakeusnotsatisfiedwithourlifebecauseitmakesuspaymoreattentiontothingswedon'tknowaboutordon'thave.3Thus,weneverfeelcompletelycontent.4Weenjoyanythingthat'sunexplored.Agoodchangeinourlifedoeskeepuphappyforsometime,butsoontheunavoidableboredomjumpsin,andonceagainwewishforsomemorechangesinlife,whichkeepsusdissatisfiedwithourlife.Thoughhumanscanneverreallybecompletelycontent,wecanbemuchmoresatisfiedwithourselvesifwetrytodeterminehowmuchisenoughtokeepourselveshappy,andlimitourselvestothepursuit（追求）ofonlythatmuch.5Asaresult,wecanfinallymakeourselvesmorecontent.Inaddition,it'sbettertoliveinthepresentmomentanddothingswereallywanttodo.A．Humancuriosityisadoubleedgedsword.B．Weneverfeelcontentalsobecausewewanttochange.C．Wedosomanythingsjusttoimproveothers'opinionsaboutus.D．Wealwayswanttofindoutmoreaboutwhatwearen’tfamiliarwith.E．Butevenifallourwishescametrue,thesatisfactionwouldn’tlastaverylongtime.F．Sowetendtobecomeunhappy,thinkingaboutwhatothershavebutwedonothave.G．Settingupachievablegoalscankeepusawayfromdisappointmentsandregrets.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了人们不满足的原因，并提出了一些如何让我们保持快乐、满足的建议。.选E上一句说“我们都想拥有更多”，本空紧接着说“即使是所有的愿望都实现了，满足感也不会持续很长时间”，前后句之间是句意上的转折关系。.选F“当我们与别人作比较时，就很少注意自己独特的才能”，这样的结果就是“我们变得沮丧，开始想别人拥有我们却没有的东西”。.选D本空进一步阐述“好奇心会让我们对自己的生活不满意”。.选B从下一句的内容“我们都喜欢未探索过的事情”以及“Agoodchange...”可知，我们不满足还因为我们想要改变。.选G本空是对前面一句的总结：设立一个可以达到的目标，我们就不会有那么多的失望和懊悔。BBeingmindfulisthepracticeofactivelypayingattentionandmakingtheefforttobepurposelyawareofyoursurroundingsandthepeoplewithwhomyoucommunicate.Becomingmoremindfulneedsalotofpracticeanditisn'tsomethingthathappensovernight.6Slowdown.Deadlinesareeverywhere,andmanyofusfeellikeweneedtohurrythrougheachthinginordertoexperiencethenext.Thetruthisthatmovingtoofastleavesusopentomistakes,bothpersonallyandprofessionally.7Slowdownandpayattentiontowhatyouaredoing.Youarelikelytobemoresuccessfulandalsofindmoreenjoyment.Beaware.8Considerthepeopleyouseeandwhattheyaredoing,thesmellsthatsurroundyou,andthesoundsthatyouhear.Itseemsbasic,butthisiswhereyouarerightnow.Haveyoureallynoticedalltheaspectsofyourpresentexperience?Thinkdeeplyinsilence.Theactofquietingyourmindisapowerfulwaytogaincontrolandfocus.9Afewminutesadayisenoughtoallowyoutofeelcenteredandcalm.Wemovefasteachdayandfeelitnecessaryto“getitalldone”，somanyofusfindourselvesstressedandanxious.10Measuringeachdaybyhowmanythingsyouhavefinishedonyourlistisn’ttrulyliving.A．Thisdoesn’thavetotakelong.B．Checkoutthesetipsforwaystogetstarted.C．Theartofbeingmindfulisbeinglostquickly.D．Atdifferentpointsinyourday,stopandjustlookaround.E．Wecan’tpossiblyfullyenjoythepresentmomentinthisway.F．Andexperiencesthathappeninarusharenotfullyexperienced.G．Bybeingmindful,wecanfocusonthethingsmakinglifeworthliving.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。每天人们似乎总是急于把事情做完，因此对当下周围的人和事不够专注。本文给出了几条建议帮助我们静下心来留意经历过的每件事情。.选B本空引出下文的内容。下文介绍了如何在生活中做一个有心之人。.选F根据上一句中的“Thetruthisthatmovingtoofastleavesus...”可知，太匆忙会让我们出错，并且匆忙中得来的体验并不能被充分地感受到。这两句共同说明匆忙的不利之处。因此下一句内容告诉我们要慢下来，专注于当下做的事情。.选D下一句内容举例说明我们要留意周围的事情，因此本空是说在一天中的不同时刻，停下来，向四周望望。.选A根据下一句"Afewminutesadayisenough”可知，冥想并不会花费我们很长时间，一天中只花几分钟的时间用来冥想就足以使我们保持集中和冷静。.选GG项意为：保持留心使得我们能集中精力做那些让我们的生活更有意义的事。本空与下句构成对比，都提到了living。CCompetitionisallaroundus.It’sresponsibleforbringingthebestoutofpeopleandenablingustosurviveafastpacedworld.11Sometimesweseeyoungboyscryingbecausetheirteamslostininterschooltournaments.Sometimeswefindyoungteenagerslieandcheatjusttowin.12Soit’simportanttodevelophealthycompetitioninchildren.Whenitcomestoencouraginghealthycompetitioninkids,thefirstthingtodoissetgoalsforthemtoworktowards.13Ifyouburdenthemwithtoohighagoaltheycan’tachieve;they’llloseconfidence.Inaddition,childrenmaybeeasilyaffectedbywrongideasfrompopularmedia.14Sportsmanshipandteamspiritwillhelpthemgrowintosoundhumanbeingswhoaren’teasilyannoyedbysmalllossesortooexcitedbyvietories.Theymayalsodislikecheatingorlying.Sogivetheexampleswhereoneofthefamilymembersrefusedtocheattowin.15Aftertheytakeanexam,don'taskabouthowmuchtheyexpecttoscore;instead,askwhattheywroteabout.Ifyoursonplayedabasketballmatchatschool,don’taskhimwhetherhisteamwonorlost;askhimhowmanyscoreshegotandencour