医学专业英语词汇构成专家讲座

MedicalTerminologyZisenZhang第1页ExampleMicroscopeCTMRIHIVAIDSSARS第2页CONCEPTMedicalterminologyisaspecialvocabularyusedbyhealthcareprofessionalsforeffectiveandaccuratecommunication.basedmainlyonGreekLatin

盎格鲁-撒克逊语Dyspepsia,EupepsiaAbdomen,Invitro,Invivo心cardiacorheart肠enteronintestinebowel第3页FeaturesAdminister,foreignbody,complain,laborGene,clone,yin,yang,aspirinBraindeath,HFMD,scartissue-itis,arthritis,hepatitis,gastritisA.c.(antecibum),B.i.d(bisindie),BP,ARDS,COPD,SARS,TCMAdam'sapple,venerealdiseasePeeorurine?第4页Wordelements

WordrootCombiningformSuffixPrefixHowyoucombinetheseelementsandwhetherallorsomeofthemarepresentinamedicalworddeterminethemeaningofaword.第5页RootRootisthefundamentalunitofeachmedicalwordAwordrootisthemainpartorfoundationofaword;allmedicalwordshaveatleastonewordroot.

teacher,teaches,teachingteach

speaker,speaks,speakingspeak第6页Awordrootmaybeusedaloneorcombinedwithotherelementstoformanotherwordwithadifferentmeaning.alcohol

alcoholism(conditionmarkedbyimpairedcontroloveralcoholuse)sperm

spermicide(agentthatkillssperm)thyroid

thyroidectomy(excisionofthethyroidgland)RootasaCompleteWordRootasaPartofaWord第7页CombiningFormsAcombiningform(CF)iscreatedwhenawordrootiscombinedwithavowel.Thisvowelisusuallyano.Thevowelhasnomeaningofitsown,butenablestwowordelementstobelinked.第8页Chem-therapydermat-logyEncephal-graphyNeur-logyTherm-meterSuffixRooto+vowel+CombiningForms第9页Acombiningvowelisusedtolinkaroottoanotherroottoformacompoundword.

gastr/o/enter/itis

leuk/o/cyt/o/penia

electr/o/cardi/o/gram第10页suffixAsuffixisashortwordpartorseriesofpartsaddedattheendofaroottomodifyitsmeaninggastritisgastr-

-itis-icgastricgastrology-ology第11页ThreeRulesofWordBuilding■Rule1:Awordrootlinksasuffixthatbeginswithavowel.■Rule2:Acombiningform(root+o)linksasuffixthatbeginswithaconsonant.■Rule3:Acombiningform(root+o)linksaroottoanotherroottoformacompoundword.第12页Rule1:Awordrootlinksasuffixthatbeginswithavowel.leuk-emiaCephal-algiagastr-itisappend-ectomyWordRootSuffixtermsleukemiacephalalgiagastritis

appendectomy

第13页Rule2:Acombiningform(root+o)linksasuffixthatbeginswithaconsonant.Gastr-scopemen-rrheaangi-rrhexisUreter-lithWordRootSuffixtermsgastr/o/scopemen/o/rrheaangi/o/rrhexisureter/o/lith第14页Rule3:Acombiningform(root+o)linksaroottoanotherroottoformacompoundword.

gastr/o/enter/itis

leuk/o/cyt/o/penia

electr/o/cardi/o/gram第15页Exercisescarcin_-oma=carcinoma+aden-_=adenocarcinomaCardi_-gram=cardiogram+electrocardiogramElectr-_=第16页PrefixAprefixisawordelementlocatedatthebeginningofawordwhichaddedbeforearoottomodifyitsmeaning.Substitutingoneprefixforanotherprefixchangesthemeaningoftheword.Aprefixusuallyindicatesanumber,time,position,ornegation.第17页macro/cyte---alargecellMicro/cyte---asmallcellPost/natalbehind/afterbirth

pre/natalbeforebirthperi/card/itisInflammationofthepericardium第18页hypo-

pref.

①在…下(旳);

hypodermic

皮下旳.

2)低…；次…；亚…;

hypotensioo

低血压.

super-

pref.

①上…;

asuperstructure

上层建筑.

②超…;

supersonic

超声速旳.

③过度;

superfluous

过多旳.

homo-

①[与名词构成名词]同，相似;

homograph

同形异义词.

homology

相似关系.

②[与形容词构成形容词]同旳；相似旳;

homocentric

同中心旳.

homosexual

同性恋爱旳.

第19页WordelementsPrefixRootSuffixPrefixRootSuffixwordEndo-+card+-itis第20页DefiningMedicalWordsWhendefiningamedicalword,firstdefinethesuffix.Second,definethebeginningoftheword;finally,definethemiddleoftheword.Hereisanexampleusingthetermosteoarthritis.

oste/o/arthr/itis(2)(3)(1)1.-itismeansinflammation.2.oste/omeans