2022届高考英语一轮复习专项点拨专题01高考阅读理解总括和做题步骤

高考阅读理解目录toc\o"1-3"\h\u一.高考阅读考前须知 21.以意群为单位，成组视读 22.重视文章框架结构 23.积累词语。 2二．高考阅读理解四项能力考查 2三．阅读理解做题步骤 33.1读题干，划关键词 33.2读文章，做标记 43.2.1标记篇章主旨 43.2.2标记段落主旨 103.2.3标记常见7大答案出处点 13高考阅读考前须知1.以意群为单位，成组视读英语阅读不是一个词一个词的去默看，而是根据意群，一组组的进行扫视。英语中主要有三大意群：介词短语，从句，非谓语动词。尤其阅读长难句时，可以把意群用括号标出，然后就比拟容易找到句子主干，从而能比拟准确的理解句意方向。这是一种高超的阅读能力，非以一贯之的坚持和大量的阅读不能够习得。2.重视文章框架结构我们常有这样的情况：句子都能看懂，但读完文章印象却不深，这就牵涉到对文章框架结构的整体理解。如何学会对文章的整体理解呢？首先，要重视文章的标题和主旨大意。接着在往下阅读时特别注意每段的段意3.积累词语。高考阅读读词汇具有高频性和重复性。我们要坚持把阅读中的生词或者搭配短语抄到小本子上，每天有空时，就拿出这小本子背诵记忆。前期由于单词量比拟大，难度会比拟大，但是由于考点词汇的重复性，在后面的文章中我们会时不时接触，这样通过反复记忆，词汇量就增加得很快。二．高考阅读理解四项能力考查信息筛选能力——细节理解题信息加工处理能力——推理判断题信息归纳总结能力——主旨大意题词汇猜想能力——词义猜想题三．阅读理解做题步骤3.1读题干，划关键词关键词1：5w1h人物/地点/时间/机构/组织/大写字母/数字1.professorjohnbeath’slecturesare.2.whydidhenryfordtakepartinthe1901carrace?3.london

hasbecomethesecondmostexpensivecitybecauseof

__4.whichofthefollowingistrueofwingspanarts?5.diabeitcrockstarwascreatedfor.关键词2：敏感词〔唯一信息〕：最高级/序数词/only/unique/special/main/major1.whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantforthechildcarejob?2.whatshouldyouconsiderfirstwhilesailing?3.thehoneyguideisspecialintheway.4.whatisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?关键词3：连词〔逻辑关系〕1.sophiawrotealettertostandrewsuniversitybecauseshewanted2.accordingtotheauthor.wearemorecreativewhenweare_____.关键词4：具体意义的名词，动词，形容词【优选名词，动词，最好所有名词都找到，其次形副】1.whichofthefollowingistrueofcellphoneusers?2.whatshouldschools

dotohelptheproblemschoolboys?3.whatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtocarducci?4.howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?5."mothertrees"areextremelyimportantbecausethey.6.wheredoesthesupportforenvironmentalprotectionmainlycomefrom?7.it’swidelybelievedthatthestoneblocksweremovedtothepyramidsiteby______.3.2读文章，做标记问：读文章，读什么？答：读主旨〔篇章主旨和段落主旨〕；读细节〔抓关键细节点〕。问：做标记，在哪里做？答：标记篇章主旨句；标记段落主旨句；标记常见答案出处关键细节点。3.2.1标记篇章主旨任何文章都会有自己的主旨要义，即文章的主题，是否能够把握住文章的主题是理解一篇文章的关键。因此，出题人为了考查学生对文章的理解程度，必然会以各种方式考查文章的主题。1〕篇章主题句位置总括：首段首句型：主题句→具体的陈述(信号词，如forexample,anexampleof;first,second,next,last,finally;tobeginwith,also,besides;one,theother;some,others等。)首段尾句型：开头列举事实→主题句〔信号词。如so，therefore，thus，consequently;inconclusion，inshort;inaword,tosumup〕中段型：有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在段落中间出现。归纳起来主要有两种情况：先提出问题，然后给予答复(主题句)，最后给予解释;或者，先提出问题，然后点出主题思想(主题句)，最后给予解释。尾段型：尾段总结概括〔信号词so,therefor,thus,inshort,asaresult,thatiswhy〕首尾照应型：主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。这两个主题句叙说的是同一个内容，但用词不尽相同，这样不但强调了主题思想，而且显得灵活多变。这两个句子并非简单重复，后一个主题句或对该主题作最后的评述，或对要点作一概括，或使之引申留给读者去思考。无明确主题句型：各段中心句总结相加法或者语文总结中心思想法。2〕体裁：议论文，科普说明文，应用文〔广告指南，新闻，通知〕文章主旨都出现在比拟明显的位置，可以将之归纳为一目了然型。标记方法【3+1法那么】。即通过文章的【标题、首段、尾段】及【高频词】。说明文〔introduction—description〔example/comparison/classification〕—conclusion〕要求先明确文章的说明对象议论文〔opinion—arguments〔facts/examples/theory〕—conclusion〕要明确作者的观点和意图,能读懂最好,读不懂就看题,回文中找相关句子,看选项和文中的句子是否大体符合,推荐用排除法.3〕体裁：故事类记叙文〔理解故事的含义和它想说明的道理〕和传记类文章〔时间是全文的关键〕1.看首段：故事开始前作者对后文有一些概括性的描述2.尾段完整概括:通过对文章的整个内容的概括,进行主旨题的思考3.常见故事类记叙文主旨：1.故事升华到真善美哲理2.分享一个经历3.娱乐【典例分析】11.toomuchtv-watchingcanharmchildren’sabilitytolearnandevenreducetheirchancesofgettingacollegedegree,newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexaminetheeffectsoftelevisiononchildren.2.oneofthestudieslookedatnearly400northerncaliforniathird-graders.thosewithtvsintheirbedroomsscoredabouteightpointsloweronmathandlanguageartsteststhanchildrenwithoutbedroomstvs.3.asecondstudy,lookingatnearly1,000grown-upsinnewzealand,foundlowereducationlevelsamong26-year-oldswhohadwatchedlotsoftvduringchildhood.buttheresultsdon’tprovethattvisthecauseanddon’truleoutthatalreadypoorlymotivatedyoungsters(年轻人)maywatchlotsoftv.4.theirstudymeasuredthetvhabitsof26-year-oldsbetweenages5and15.thosewithcollegedegreeshadwatchedanaverageoflessthantwohoursoftvperweeknightduringchildhood,comparedwithanaverageofmorethan2½hoursforthosewhohadnoeducationbeyondhighschool.5.inthecaliforniastudy,childrenwithtvsintheirroomsbutnocomputerathomescoredthelowest,whilethosewithnobedroomtvbutwhohadhomecomputersscoredthehighest.6.whilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroomtvsetscausedthelowerscores,itaddstoaccumulatingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn’thavetvsintheirbedrooms.whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?a.computersortelevision.b.effectsoftelevisiononchildren.c.studiesontvandcollegeeducation.d.televisionandchildren’slearninghabits.21.whenstudentsandparentsareaskedtoratesubjectsaccordingtotheirimportance,theartsareunavoidablyatthebottomofthelist.musicisnice,peopleseemtosay,butnotimportant.toooftenitisviewedasmereentertainment,butcertainlynotaneducationpriority(优先).thisviewisshortsighted.infact,musiceducationisbeneficialandimportantforallstudents.2.musictellsuswhoweare.becausemusicisanexpressionofthebeingswhocreateit,itreflectstheirthinkingandvalues,aswelladthesocialenvironmentitcameinfluencethatgeorgegershwinandothermusiciansintroducedintotheirmusicisobviouslyamericanbecauseitcamefromamericanmusicaltraditions.musicexpressesourcharacterandvalues.itgivesusidentityasasociety.3.musicprovidesakindofperception(感知)thatcannotbeacquiredanyotherway.sciencecanexplainhowthesunrisesandsets.theartsexploretheemotive(情感的)meaningofthesamephenomenon.weneedeverypossiblewaytodiscoverandrespondtoourworldforonesimplebutpowerfulreason:noonewaycangetitall.4.theartsareformsofthoughtaspowerfulinwhattheycommunicateasmathematicalandscientificsymbols.theyarewayswehumanbeings“talk〞toeachother.theyarethelanguageofcivilizationthroughwhichweexpressourfears,ourcuriosities,ourhungers,ourdiscoveries,ourhopes.theartsarewayswegiveformtoourideasandimaginationsothattheycanbesharedwithothers.whenwedonotgivechildrenaccesstoanimportantwayofexpressingthemselvessuchasmusic,wetakeawayfromthemthemeaningsthatmusicexpresses.5.scienceandtechnologydonottelluswhatitmeanstobehuman.theartsdo.musicisanimportantwayweexpresshumansuffering,celebration,themeaningandvalueofpeaceandlove.6.somusiceducationisfarmorenecessarythanpeopleseemtorealize.whatisthemainideaofthepassage?a.musiceducationdeservesmoreattention.b.musicshouldbeoftopeducationpriority.c.musicisaneffectivecommunicationtool.d.musiceducationmakesstudentsmoreimaginative.31.grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins"twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"orrememberthestoryofcinderellaorgoldilocksandthethreebears.2.oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrialsincreasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.3.inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas"twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"andchildhoodtalessuchascinderellaandgoldilocks.wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.4.themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.5.thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming(突击学习)foranexamination,thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade,isnotasatisfactorywaytolearnacollegecourse.bycramming,astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtogetbyontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.alittleoverlearning,ontheotherhand,isreallynecessaryforone'sfuturedevelopment.41.goinggreenseemstobefad(时尚)foralotofpeoplethesedays.whetherthatisgoodorbad,wecan’treallysay,butforthetwoofus,goinggreenisnotafadbutalifestyle. 2.onapril22,2022,wedecidedtogogreeneverysingledayforanentireyear.thismeantdoing365differentgreenthings,anditalsomeantchallengingourselvestogogreenbeyondeasythings.ratherthanrecycleandreduceourenergy,wehadtothinkof365differentgreenthingstodoandthiswasnoeasytask. 3.withtheideaofgoinggreeneverysingledayforayear,ourgreenyearstarted.mylifeandidecidedtoeducatepeopleabouthowtheycouldgogreenintheirlivesandhopedwecouldshowpeopleallthegreenthingsthatcouldbedonetohelptheenvironment.wewantedtopushthemessagethateverylittlebithelps. 4.overthecourseofourgreenyear,wecompletelychangedourlifestyle.wenowshopatorganic(有机的)stores.weconsumelessmeat,choosinggreenfood.wehavegreatlyreducedourbuyingwedon’tneed.wehavegivenawayhalfofwhatweownedthroughwebsites.ourhomeiskeptcleanbyvinegarandlemonjuice,withnochemicalcleaners.wemakeourownbutter,enjoyingthesmellofhome-madefreshbread.inourhomeofficeanyonecaughtdoingsomethingungreenmightbepunished. 6.ourmindshavebeenchangedbyourgreenyear.wearegratefulforthechancetohavebeenabletogogreenandeducateothers.webelievethatwedohavethepowertochangethingsandhelpourplanet.whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?a.goinggreen. b.protectingtheplanet. c.keepingopen-minded d.celebratingourgreenyear.51.arriving

in

sydney

on

his

own

from

india,myhusband,rashid,stayed

in

ahotelforashorttimewhilelookingforashorttimewhilelookingforahouseformeandourchildren.2.duringthefirstweekofhisstay,hewentoutonedaytodosomeshopping.hecamebackinthelateafternoontodiscoverthathissuitcasewasgone.hewasextremelyworriedasthesuitcasehadallhisimportantpapers,includinghispassport.3.hereportedthecasetothepoliceandthensatthere,lostandlonelyinstrangecity,thinkingoftheterribletroublesofgettingallthepaperworkorganizedagainfromadistantcountrywhiletryingtosettledowninanewone.4.lateintheevening,thephonerang.itwasastranger.hewastryingtopronouncemyhusband’snameandwasaskinghimalotofquestions.thenhesaidtheyhadfoundapileofpapersintheirtrashcan(垃圾桶)thathadbeenleftoutonthefootpath.5.myhusbandrushedtotheirhometofindakindfamilyholdingallhispapersanddocuments.theiryoungdaughterhadgonetothetrashcanandfoundapileofunfamiliarpapers.herparentshadcarefullysortedthemout,althoughtheyhadfoundmainlyforeignaddressesonmostofthedocuments.atlasttheyhadseenahalf-writtenletterinthepileinwhichmyhusbandhadgivenhisnewtelephonenumbertoafriend.6.thatfamilynotonlyrestoredtheimportantdocumentstousthatdaybutalsorestoredourfaithandtrustinpeople.westillremembertheirkindnessandoftensendawarmwishtheirway.whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?a.fromindiatoaustralia. b.livinginanewcountry.c.turningtrashtotreasure. d.insearchofnewfriends..61.childrenofallagesgatheredinnewyorkcityrecentlyfortheinternationaltoypair.hiddenamongalreadypopulartoyswerenew,high-techeducationalproducts.toymakersareworkingtocreatetheseproductsforimprovingachild’semotionalintelligence.2paniesshowedofftheirproductslastweekatnewyork’sjacobjavitzconventioncenter.3.pleiqisasetofplastictoyblocks.itusesvisualrealitytechnologytoteachwords,numbersandotherthings,edisondurándirectsthecompanythatmakespleiq.sheshowedpeopleatthetoyfairhowvirtualimagesappearontheblockswhentheyareheldinfrontofatabletcamera,pleiqhaschildrenactasteacherorguidetoacompanioncharacter.4.ontheothersideoftheconventioncenter,karenhufromanothercompanydemonstratedaneducationalrobotcalledwoobo.therobotcomesprogrammedwitheducationalgamesandactivities.childrenuseitstouchscreenfacetogetthemstarted.hudescribedhowtherobotcanhelpachildwhohasautism(自闭症).“thechildcancommunicatewithwooboandfollowsomeoftheinstructionswooboisgivingbecausehethinksofthisasacompanioninsteadofaparentorsomeoneelsetellinghimtocertainthings.〞5.attheeqtainmentstand，salesdirectorjonathanericksonexplainedthecompany’stoys.“thepurposeofallofourproductsistodevelopemotionalandsocialintelligence〞hesaidericksonshowedoffaboardgamecalled“q’sracetothetop〞.hesaidthegamegothis4-year-olddaughtertoopenup.“thebiggestthingishertalking.andthat’sthekeyofallthis—gettingherfeelingsexpressedout.like,‘hey,whatdoesitfeelliketobesad?orhowdoesitfeelliketobehappy?’〞6.itremainstobeseenwhetheragameortoycanimproveemotionalintelligence.buttoymakersaredoingwhattheycantohelpparentsintheireffortstoraisewell-roundedchildren.whatisthebesttitleofthetext?a.toyshelptobuildemotionalintelligenceb.educationaltoyssellwellinthetoyfairc.toymakersaremakingprofitsineducationd.childrencelebratetheinternationaltoyfair3.2.2标记段落主旨【段落首句、段落尾句具有概括性和深刻性的段落主题句】及【高频词】。1〕第一句是中心句：即第一句是中心，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。如果从第二句就开始对第一句进行说明，论述或描述，那第一句就是主题句。有些段落，在主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词，如forexample,anexampleof;first,second,next,last,finally;tobeginwith,also,besides;one,theother;some,others等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。2〕第二句是中心句：第一句是过渡句。第二句与第一句存在转折关系〔but,however,yet,infact〕或者递进关系〔moreover,afterall,indeed〕3〕句尾是中心句：有些文章会在开头列举事实,然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。因此，如果第一句话不是概括性的或综合性的话，最好快速读一读段落的最后一个句子，看看它是否具备主题句的特征。一般说来，当一种观点不易向人解释清楚或不易被人接受时，主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现。学生可以充分利用引出结论的信号词。如so，sothat,therefore，thus，consequently;inconclusion，inshort;inaword,tosumup；allinall;generally等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。4〕没有明显的中心句：充分发挥语文总结中心思想能力，能用最简洁的一两个词概括总结出段落主旨大意。【典例分析】1astudyreportedlastfallsuggeststhathavingapetdognotonlyraisesyourspiritsbutmayalsohaveaneffectonyoureatinghabits.researchersatnorthwesternmemorialhospitalspentayearstudying36fatpeopleandtheirequallyfatdogsondiet-and-exerciseprograms;aseparategroupof56peoplewithoutpetswereputonadietprogram.onaverage,peoplelostabouti1pounds,or5%oftheirbodyweight.theirdogsdidevenbetter,losinganaverageof12pounds,morethan15%oftheirbodyweight.dogownersdidn’tloseanymoreweightthanthosewithoutdogsbut,sayresearchers,gotmoreexerciseoverall—mostlywiththeirdogs—andfounditworthdoing.2mydaughterwenttoseethewildonerecentlyandshecommentedthatmarlonbrandowaswearingjeanssolongago.ofcourse,hehelpedsetthetrend,sothatgotmethinkingaboutthelinkbetweenfilmsandtrendsinfashion.fashionandfilmshavegonehandinhandforlong.thewildoneisagoodexample:itappearedin1954,starringbrando.dressedinablackleathermotorcyclejacket,leathercapandjeans,hecreatedalookwhichisstillconsidered“cool〞today.everyonefrommadonnatomiddle-agedmenisseenwearingtheclassicleathermotorcyclejacket.3threesquaremarketsaysthechipcannottracktheemployees.thecompanysaysscannerscanreadthechipsonlywhentheyarewithinafewinchesofthem.“thechipsprotectagainstidentitytheft,similartocreditcards.〞theu.s.foodanddrugadministrationapprovedthechipsbackin2022,sotheyshouldbesafeforhumans,accordingtothecompany.4ifthecellphonehastrulyhadtheseeffects,it'sbecauseithasbecomeverywidespread.considerthatin1987,therewereonly1millioncellphonesinuse.today,somethinglike300millionamericanscarrythem.theyfaroutnumberwiredphonesintheunitedstates.5althoughstillquiteyoung,grimeseemstobegettingfavoredbymoreandmorepeople.in2022,theenglishgrimeartistskeptawonthemercuryprizewithhisalbumkonnichiwa,beatingbignameslikedavidbowieandradiohead.however,nomatterwhethergrimeisonedayacceptedbythemainstreammusicworldornot,onethingisforsure:ingrime,singersalwaysstaytruetothemselves.6themarket,whichwasfoundedin1979,setsupitstentseverysaturdayfrom7a.m.to1p.m.,rainorshine,alongnorthlemonandstatestreets.basketsofperfectredstrawberries;thered-paintedsidesofthejavadawgcoffeetruck;andmostofall,thetomatoes:amazing,large,softandroundredtomatoes.7thecity’s“psychologycafes〞,whichoffergreatcomfort,areamongthemostpopularplaces.middle-agedhomemakers,retirees,andtheunemployedcometocafestotalkaboutlove,anger,anddreamswithapsychologist.andtheycometolehanne’sgroupjusttolearntosaywhattheyfeel.“there’sastrongneedinparisforcommunication,〞saysmauricefrisch,acafélachoperegularwhoworksasareligiousinstructorinanearbychurch.“peoplehavefewrealfriends.andtheyneedtoopenup.〞lehannesaysshe’dliketoseepsychologycafesalloverfrance.“ifpeoplehadnormallives,thesecafeswouldn’texist,〞shesays.“iflifeweren’tabattle,peoplewouldn’tneedaspecialplacejusttospeak.〞butthen,itwouldn’tbefrance.8whilehouseholdrobotstodaydothenormalhousework,socialrobotswillbemuchmorelikecompanionsthanmeretools.forexample,theserobotswillbeabletodistinguishwhensomeoneishappyorsad.thisallowsthemtorespondmoreappropriatelytotheuser.9papa,asasonofadirt-poorfarmer,leftschoolearlyandwenttoworkinafactory,foreducationwasfortherichthen.so,theworldbecamehisschool.withgreatinterest,hereadeverythinghecouldlayhishandson,listenedtothetowneldersandlearnedabouttheworldbeyondhistinyhometown."there'ssomuchtolearn,"he'dsay."thoughwe'rebornstupid,onlythestupidremainthatway."hewasdeterminedthatnoneofhischildrenwouldbedenied(拒绝)aneducation.10there’reafewthingsilearnedwhiledoingthese30-daychallenges.thefirstwasthetimewasmuchmorememorable.thiswaspartofachallengeididtotakeapictureeveryday.ialsonoticedthatasistartedtodomoreandharder30-daychallenges,myself-recognitiongrew.iwentfromadesk-dwellingnerd(电脑迷)tothekindofguywholikestowork.11 foodproductiondoesgreatharmtoourenvironment.therearemanyproceduresinvolvedinthemanufactureoffoodthatresultingreenhousegasesandotherpollutants.someproceduresrequiretheconsumptionoflargeamountsoffossilfuels,suchasthetransportationandstorageoffoodproducts.otherfactorsthatcausegreatdamagetoourenvironmentincludetheoveruseoffreshwater.3.2.3标记常见7大答案出处点掌握高考阅读常见答案出处点，就能快速找到出题者要考的30%的有效信息。第1点：从转折处找答案作者常常会借用转折词引出某项重要的事实或观点，转折词之后的内容往往表达的是作者真实的写作目的、观点或态度。阅读理解中常见的表示转折关系的连词或副词有however,but,yet,while,though,although等。另外，indeed,instead，infact，today,now也常常用来表示前后语义的转折，另外有时副词suddenly,unfortunately也能提示前后语义转折。【典例分析】1heleneanandherfamilyownalargerestaurantbusinessincalifornia.however,whenheleneandherhusbanddannylefttheirhomeinvietnamin1975,theydidn'thavemuchmoney.theymovedtheirfamilytosanfrancisco.theretheyjoineddanny'smother,diana,whoownedasmallitaliansandwichshop.soonafterwards,heleneanddianachangedthesandwichshopintoasmallvietnameserestaurant.thefivedaughtershelpedintherestaurantwhentheywereyoung.however,helenedidnotwantherdaughterstoalwaysworkinthefamilybusinessbecauseshethoughtitwastoohard.wecaniearnfromparagraph2thattheanfamily______.a.startedabusinessin1975 b.leftvietnamwithoutmuchmoneyc.boughtarestaurantinsanfrancisco d.openedasandwichshopinlosangeles2themoreinteractiontherobothaswithhumans,themoreitlearns.butoshbot,likeothersocialrobots,isnotintendedtoreplaceworkers,buttoworkalongsideotheremployees.“wehavetechnologiestotrainsocialrobotstodothingsnotforus,butwithus,〞saidbreazeal.wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatsocialrobotswill______.a.trainemployees b.beourworkmatesc.improvetechnologies d.taketheplaceofworkers第2点：从比照、比拟处找答案阅读文章中的比照常常表现为新老观点的比照、错误与正确观念的比照、新事物与旧事物的比照等，而比拟那么常常表现为两种或多种事物的优点、缺点、用途、功能、原理等特点的比拟。这些比照或比拟关系经常受到出题人的青睐。阅读理解中常见的表示比照或比拟关系的词或短语有while,whereas〔然而〕,than,like,same,justas,comparedwith,bycomparison〔相比之下〕,bycontrast〔相比之下〕,either···or,notonly···butalso,both···and,exception〔例外〕等。解题时要留意这些词或短语，并注意出现比拟级、最高级的地方，另外要注意搞清比照或比拟对象。1whenwetoucheddowntoblueskiesandwarmair,isentupasmallprayerofgratefulness.swimmingpools,winetasting,andpinksunsets(atnormaleveninghours,not4intheafternoon)filledtheweekend,butthebestpart—particularlytomytaste,dulledbymonthsofcold-weatherrootvegetables—wasa7a.m.adventuretothesarasotafarmers’marketthatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall.whatmadetheauthor’sgettinguplateearlyworthwhile?a.havingaswim. b.breathinginfreshair.c.walkinginthemorningsun. d.visitingalocalfarmers’market.2tocalculatejusthowmuchmotherswouldearnfromthatlabour,itsuggestedsomeoftherolesthatmumscouldtakeon,includinghousekeeper,part-timelawyer,personaltrainerandentertainer.beingapart-timelawyer,at＄48.98anhour,wouldprovetobethemostprofitableofthe“mumjobs〞,withpsychologist〔心理学家〕aclosesecond.italsoaskedmothersaboutthechallengestheyface,with80percentmakingemotional〔情感的〕demandasthehardestthingaboutmotherhood.overathirdofmumsfelttheyneededmoretrainingandaroundhalfsaidtheymissedgoingoutwithfriends.thestudyshowsmothersmatterallyearlongandnotjustonmother’sday.theemotional,physicalandmentalenergymothersdevotetotheirchildrencanbenever-ending,butchildrenarealsosourcesofgreatjoyandhappiness.investing〔投入〕intimeforparentingandraisingrelationshipsismoneywellspent.thebiggestchallengeformostmothersisfrom.a.emotionaldemand b.lowpayforworkc.heavyworkload d.lackoftraining3peoplehavelongpuzzledoverhowtheegyptiansmovedsuchhugerocks.andhere’snoobviousanswer.onaverage,eachofthetwomillionbigstonesweighedaboutasmuchasalargepickuptruck.theegyptianssomehowmovedthestoneblockstothepyramidsitefromaboutonekilometeraway. themostpopularviewisthategyptianworkersslidtheblocksalongsmoothpaths.manyscientistssuspectworkersfirstwouldhaveputtheblocksonsleds(滑板).thentheywouldhavedraggedthemalongpaths.tomaketheworkeasier,workersmayhavelubricatedthepathseitherwithwetclayorwiththefatfromcattle.bonnhasnowtestedthisideabybuildingsmallsledsanddraggingheavyobjectsoversand.it’swidelybelievedthatthestoneblocksweremovedtothepyramidsiteby______.a.rollingthemonroads b.pushingthemoverthesandc.slidingthemonsmoothpaths d.draggingthemonsomepoles4westhasn’ttestedhisideaonlargerblocks,buthethinksrollinghasclearadvantagesoversliding.atleast,workerswouldn’thaveneededtocarrycattlefatorwatertosmooththepaths.whyisrollingbetterthanslidingaccordingtowest?a.becausemoreforceisneededforsliding.b.becauserollingworkcanbedonebyfewercattle.c.becauseslidingonsmoothroadismoredangerous.d.becauselesspreparationonpathisneededforrolling.5cookingpolicystudentslivinginbuildingsthathavekitchensareonlypermittedtocookinthekitchen.studentsmustcleanupaftercooking.thisisnottheresponsibilityofhousekeepingstaff.kitchensthatarenotkeptcleanmaybeclosedforuse.withtheexceptionofusingasmallmicrowaveoven(微波炉)toheatfood,studentsarenotpermittedtocookintheirrooms.54．what

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microwave

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cooking6whilehouseholdrobotstodaydothenormalhousework,socialrobotswillbemuchmorelikecompanionsthanmeretools.forexample,theserobotswillbeabletodistinguishwhensomeoneishappyorsad.thisallowsthemtorespondmoreappropriatelytotheuser.howaresocialrobotsdifferentfromhouseholdrobots?a.theycancontroltheiremotions. b.theyaremorelikehumans.c.theydothenormalhousework. d.theyrespondtousersmoreslowly第3点：从并列、列举、举例处找答案并列、列举处是指用first(ly)···second(ly)···third(ly)···finally···;notonly···butalso;inaddition;furthermore;moreover;aboveall;ontheonehand···,ontheotherhand···等表示顺承或并列关系的词语列举出的一系列并列的事实情况。并列处和列举处是考查事实细节的主要设题题眼。为了使自己的观点更具说服力、更加明确，作者还经常会使用举例的方法来进行论证，常由as,suchas,forexample,forinstance,take···asanexample等引出，这些例子经常会成为出题人设题的焦点。【典例分析】1groupexerciseisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoimprovephysicalfitnessandsustainahealthylifestyle.groupexerciseischallenging,yetfunandempowering!ofcourseeveryoneknowsthatexerciseisgoodforthebody.however,studieshaveshownthatwhenexerciseisperformedingroups,it'snotonlygreatforimprovingphysicalhealthbutforpsychologicalhealth.it'sanopportunitytobesocial,releaseendorphins(内啡肽),andimproveyourstrength.additionally,groupexercisecreatesacommunityfeelandthesharedcommongoalmotivatesparticipantstoworkhard.theinstrumentalsupportoftakingonafitnessjourneywithothersprovesmoreeffectivethangoingtothegymalone.thefirstparagraphfocuseson__________.a.thegreatestchallengeofgroupexerciseb.themosteffectivewaytoimprovephysicalfitnessc.thecontributionofgroupexercisetopsychologicalhealthd.thesharedcommongoalinperformingexerciseingroups2thejiborobot,arrangedtoshiplaterthisyear,isdesignedtobeapersonalizedassistant.youcantalktotherobot,askitqu