1-3-2-齿轮润滑的新标准解析

EnergolGR-XPAnewstandardingearlubrication齿轮润滑的新标准Gearlubrication

齿轮润滑Themainfunctionofagearoilistoseparatethetoothsurfacesandremovefrictionalheat齿轮油的主要功能是分隔齿轮接触表面，并散热Splashlubricationisusuallysufficientforlowspeedgears-pitchlinevelocitybelow15m/s飞溅润滑通常有效地用于节线速度低于15m/s的低速齿轮副Jetspraylubricationforhigherspeeds喷射润滑用于高速齿轮副Gearfailures

齿轮的失效Definition-agearpairHSAnotfaileduntilitcannolongerberun定义—齿轮副不能再运转Usuallyoneormoreteethbreakpreventingtransmissionofmotionorteethbecomesobadlydamagedthatvibrationandnoiseareunacceptable通常是一个或多个齿发生断裂，使齿轮不能传送动力；或者是齿轮损坏严峻产生巨大的振动和噪音Gearfailuresarerare齿轮的失效通常较少Typesofgeartoothdamage

齿轮损坏的类型Micro-pitting微点蚀Pitting点蚀Scuffing咬接Slowspeedwear

低速磨损Corrosion

腐蚀Plasticdeformation

塑性变形Breakage断裂FZGgeartestrig

FZG

齿轮试验装置Widelyusedforpracticaltestingofgearlubricants广泛用于齿轮油的应用试验Loadcarryingcapacity(scuffingtest)承载性能（咬接试验）Pitting

点蚀Micro-pitting微点蚀Slowspeedwear低速磨损Efficiency/energysaving效率/节能性Pitting

点蚀Themostcommontypeofgearfailure齿轮失效最常见的形式Smallparticlesbreakawayleavingsmallcavitiesorpitsonthetoothsurface小颗粒崩裂在表面留下小坑或点蚀Afatiguephenomenonthatinvolvescontactstress,materialproperties,heattreatmentandalubricant这是涉及到接触应力、材料特性、热处理和润滑油的乏累现象Scuffing

咬接Resultofdisruptionofthelubricantfilm润滑油膜裂开的结果Metaltometalcontactroughensandtearsthetoothsurfaces金属间的干脆接触使齿轮表面变粗糙，造成撕裂Apartfromloadingandslidingvelocity,thelubricantisthemajorfactorinfluencingscuffing除去负载和滑动速度的影响，润滑油是主要的因素Micro-pitting

微点蚀Alsoknownasgreyflecking,greystaining,greyfrostingandgreyspotting又被称为灰斑、灰污、灰霜或灰点Appearsasgreylinesorspotsontheflanksofhardenedgearteeth在硬化齿面的中部形成的灰线或坑Consistsofnumerous,verysmallmicro-pits10-20micronswideandsimilardepth包含有大量的、特殊小的、宽度和深度约10-20微米的微点蚀Doesnotalwaysleadtogearfailureandcanbecontrolledwithsuitablelubricants通常不会导致齿轮的失效，并可通过运用适当的润滑油加以限制Micro-pittingcont….

微点蚀（续）Micro-pittingisincreasinglyregardedasaprecursortoothermodesoffailuresuchasmacro-pitting,scuffing,toothfractureaswellasincreasednoiseandvibration越来越多的人认为微点蚀是其它失效形式的先兆，如：点蚀、咬接、齿轮断裂、不断增大的噪音和振动Somemanufacturershavenowintroducedspecifictestsforassessingthemicro-pittingresistanceoflubricantsintotheirapprovalprocedure现在很多制造商为了评价润滑油抗微点蚀的实力，已在他们的认可程序中加入了特定的试验Industrialgearlubricants

工业齿轮油Usuallycompriseofbaseoilplusadditives通常包含了基础油和添加剂Baseoilscanbemineraloilorsyntheticfluidsormixturesofboth基础油可以是矿物油、合成油或二者的混合物Lubricantcharacteristicsaredeterminedbytheformulationofthebaseoilandtheadditives润滑油的特性由基础油和添加剂的配方确定Vitalcharacteristics

最重要的性能Satisfactoryviscosityatoperatingtemperatureandstart-up在操作温度和起动温度下合适的粘度Adequatewearprotection足够的抗磨损实力Oxidativeandthermalstability氧化和热稳定性Non-corrosiveandrustprotection抗腐蚀性和防锈性Resistanttofoamingandformingemulsions抗泡性和抗乳化性Sealandpaintcompatibility密封件和油漆的相容性Industrialspecifications

工业规格AGMA250.04USSteelNo.224DIN51517part3DavidBrownFlenderFlenderGloballythelargestOEMofindustrialgeartransmissions全球最大的工业齿轮传动装置的制造商FlenderwasthefirstOEMtointroducemicro-pittingresistancerequirementforapprovinggearlubricantsFlender是第一个在润滑油认可中引入抗微点蚀要求的制造商Theyareconvincedthatlubricantsmeetingthisrequirementarenecessarytomaintainthereliabilityandservicelifeoftheirgearunits.他们认为为了保证齿轮装置的牢靠性和运用寿命，齿轮油必需满足这些要求OilrequirementsforuseinFlendergearunits

Flender齿轮装置的用油要求DIN51517part3FlenderfoamtestFlender抗泡试验Compatibilitywithmaterialsofconstruction-elastomerseals,sealantsandpaints与结构材料相容—弹性密封、密封件和油漆FZGscuffingtestsFZG抗咬接试验Greyfleckingresistance(GFR)test抗微点蚀（GFR）试验Flendergreyfleckingresistance(GFR)test

Flender抗微点蚀（GFR）试验BasedontheFZGmicro-pittingtest基于FZG抗微点蚀试验c/8.3/90andjetspraylubricationc/8.3/90和喷射润滑Certificatedtestgears-Ra>0.5microns试验认可的齿轮副--Ra>0.5微米Progressiveloadingtest-16hperstage渐进性负载试验—每级16小时Endurancetest-80hperstage耐久性试验--每级80小时Assessestoothinvoluteprofilechange评价齿面的轮廓变更FlenderGFRapprovalcriteria

FlenderGFR试验的认可标准Progressiveloadstagetest

渐进性负载试验Profiledeviation<7.5micronsafterloadstage10在10级后轮廓变更<7.5微米Endurancetest

耐久性试验Profiledeviation<20microns轮廓变更<20微米EnergolGR-XPresultsinGFRtest

安能高GR-XP的GFR试验结果Progressivetest-

profiledeviation<7.5micronsafterloadstage10渐进性负载试验—在负载10级后轮廓变更<7.5微米Endurancetest-

profiledeviation13.6microns

耐久性试验--轮廓变更13.6微米一般的承载实力试验—Timken试验一般的承载实力试验—四球试验承载实力–更合理的图形1承载实力试验—更合理的图形2ASTMD2893氧化试验--油品寿命热稳定性试验–清洁性Competitor

ACompetitor

BCompetitor

CCompetitor

DEnergolGR-XPEnergolGR-XP-thebenefits

安能高GR-XP—好处Premiumqualitymineraloilbasedindustrialgearoilwithenhancedmicro-pittingresistanceandEPperformance高级的矿物油基工业齿轮油，增加的抗微点蚀性和极压性能ApprovedbyFlender(Germany)Flender(Germany)认可ApprovedbyHansen,DavidBrownHansen,DavidBrown认可Suitablefortemperaturesupto120℃适用于高至120℃的油温EnergolGR-XPbenefit–superiorwormgearperformance

安能高GR-XP的好处—在蜗轮蜗杆齿轮中的优异性能EnergolGR-XP320

test20026711:50-250°c:150n:2hz.010020030000.050.10.1501020304050temperature/°Cfrictioncoefficientpd/mvGeneralGearOil1

test20026705:50-250°c:150n:2hz.010020000.050.10.1501020304050temperature/°Cfrictioncoefficientpd/mv300Plinttest(variabletemperature,bronzetosteel)

Plint试验（变温条件，青铜与钢）Plinttest(variabletemperature,bronzetosteel)

Plint试验（变温条件，青铜与钢）GeneralGearOil2

test20026706:50-250°c