最新版高考英语阅读理解专题练习(含答案)100

最新版高考英语阅读理解专题练习（含答案）100一、高中英语阅读理解.阅读理解Washington,D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.DurationTourThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseeaworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—thecherryblossoms—disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours(4miles)JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.Knowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemost,interestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A.Meetfamouspeople. B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell-knownmuseums. D.Enjoyinterestingstories.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A.Citymaps. B.Cameras C.Meals. D.Safetylights.【答案】(1)A⑵A(3)D【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文介绍了四个有特色的华盛顿特区自行车之旅。(1)细节理解题。根据第一段中的 "Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—thecherryblossoms—disappear!可知，华盛顿的樱花自行车之旅需要在樱花消失之前预定好位置，故选Ao(2)细节理解题。根据第三段中的 "KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks."可知，在首都自行车之旅中可以听到导游讲的有关总统、国会、纪念碑等有趣的故事，故选 Do(3)细节理解题。根据第四段中的 Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights可知，夜间自行车之旅配备反光背心和安全灯，故选 D。【点评】考查阅读理解。涉及细节理解题，要注意仔细阅读从文中寻找答案。2.阅读理解DemandfortheChinesetechcompany'sdevices(设备)isredhoteventhoughthecountry'soverallmarketforsmartphonesisgettingsmallerHuawei'sChinasalesrocketedmorethan20%inthefinalquarterof2018,andexpertssaythat'spartlyduetotheUSgovernment'sglobalcampaignagainstthecompany.“TheatesttensionbetweentheUSandChinaraisedthepatriotism(爱国主义)inChineseconsumers,saidJusyHong,ananalystatresearchfirmIHSMarkit.HepointedoutthatsomeChinesecompaniesencouragedemployeestobuyHuaweiphoneslatelastyear.Themoveswereagestureofsupportafterthefirm'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadainearlyDecemberattherequestoftheUnitedStates.Huawei'sboomingsalesshowhowmajorpartsofitsbusinesscontinuetoincreaseevenastheUnitedStatestriestopersuadeothercountriestoshutHuaweiproductsoutof5Gwirelessnetworksandpursues(追究)criminalchargesagainstit.ThecompanyexpectstoovertakeSamsungastheworld'sbiggestsmartphonemakerbynextyear.Huaweisold30millionphonesinChinainthelastthreemonthsof2018,nearlythreetimesasmanyasApple(AAPL),accordingtodatapublishedthisweekbyresearchfirmsCanalysandIDC.Apple'ssalesplungedalmost20%.Huawei'ssuccessinChina,theworld'slargestsmartphonemarket,ismorethanaboutgeopolitics(地缘政治).Chineseconsumersloveitsflagship,high-end-phonesbecausetheyhavegreatcameras,cuttingedgetechnologyandcostlessthanthelatestiPhones,accordingtoanalysts.Andbyofferingaselectionofcheaperphones,Huaweiisabletotargetabiggermarket.ItalsobenefitedfromthetroublesthisyearatZTE(ZTCOF),arivalChinesesmartphoneandtelecommunicationsequipmentmaker.ZTEwasbannedbytheUSgovernmentfrombuyingvitalAmericanpartsformonthslastyear.WhydidHuawei'sChinasalesincreasegreatlyaccordingtothearticle?Becausethecompany'sdevicesarealwayspopularworldwide.BecauseChineseconsumers'patriotismwasaroused.BecausethegovernmentencouragespeopletobuyHuaweidevices.Becausethecountry'soverallmarketforsmartphonesisgettingbigger.Whatcanweconcludefromthethirdparagraph?A.Huawei'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadaduetotheUS'srequest.AllChinesecompaniesshowedtheirsupporttoHuaweiwiththeirpurchase.JusyHongthoughttheUnitedStatesarrestedHuawei'schieffinancialofficer.JusyHongthoughtthearrestofHuawei'schieffinancialofficerisunfair.Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedwordinthefifthparagraph?A.increasedgreatlyby. B.reducedgreatlyto.C.droppedgreatlyby. D.remainedsteady.WhyisHuawei'ssuccessinChinamorethanaboutgeopolitics?BecauseHuaweihasthelargestsmartphonemarketintheworld.BecauseHuawei'ssuccessisonlylimitedwithinChinamainland.BecauseHuaweihastheabilitytotargetabiggermarketintheworld.BecauseChineseconsumersarequitesatisfiedwithHuaweismartphones.【答案】(1)B⑵ACD【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了华为公司在手机市场日益缩小的中国仍然火爆的原因。(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的 "ThelatesttensionbetweentheUSandChinaraisedthepatriotism(爱国主义)inChineseconsumers,"可知中国消费者的爱国主义被唤起，华为在中国的销售量大增。故选Bo(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的 "Themoveswereagestureofsupportafterthefirm'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadainearlyDecemberattherequestoftheUnitedStates.可知华为的首席财务官因美国的要求在加拿大被捕。 故选Ao(3)考查词义猜测。根据上文可知华为手机销量大增而苹果手机销量大跌，故推测此处"plunge匮为销量下降。故选 C。(4)考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的 "Chineseconsumersloveitsflagship,high-endphonesbecausetheyhavegreatcameras,cuttingedgetechnologyandcostlessthanthelatestiPhones,accordingtoanalysts.可知中国消费者对华为的智能手机很满意。故选 D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。3.阅读理解Asweknow,JulianBeeverisaninternationalwell-knownsidewalkchalkartistwhosedrawingshaveappearedonthestreetsofLondon,BuenosAires,Paris,NewYork,andcountlessothercitiesaroundtheworld.Beevercreatesdrawingsthatlookcompletelythree-dimensionalwhenseenfromthecorrectangle.Now,inhisbook,Pavementchalkartist:Thethree-dimensionaldrawingsofJulianBeever,theartistsharessomeofhismostfascinatingandhumorouspieces,Hereareafewexamplesyou'llfindinthebook.■PhiladelphiaeagleInPennsylvania,Beevercreated"Philadelphiaeagle"ahugedrawingwithaneaglelandingsuccessfullyonanAmericannationalflag.•MeetingMr.Frog"MeetingMr.Frog"wascreatedinSalamanca,Spain,andisaboutarealistic-lookingfrogsittingonaLilypad.SwimmingpoolinthehighstreetMypersonalfavoriteis"Swimmingpoolinthehighstreet"fromBrussels,whichisaboutawomanrelaxinginaswimmingpool——aswimmingpoolsunkintothemiddleofthestreet,thatis!Alongwithanintroductionabouthisbackground,Beeverincludesadescriptionofthetechniquesheusedandthechallengesheovercamewitheverydrawing.HesharesinformationabouthistimeathomeintheUK.andabroad;thereisafunstorytobackupeachpieceofart.Beever'sartworkistrulyjawdropping.You'resuretospendagesturningtheleavesbackandforth,surprisedathowonemancancreatewhatlookslikeathree-dimensionaldesignonaflatsurfacewithjustabitofchalk.Fromanimalstosuperheroestofamousbuildings,thepaintingsareawondertolayeyeson.Paymentchalkartist:Thethree-dimensionaldrawingsofJulianBeeverissurelyworthalook.Andanotherlook.This112hardcoverbookisavailablenowfromFireflyBooksatalistpriceof$29.95Whatdoweknowaboutthebookmentionedinthetext?A.Ithasapapercover. B.Ithasn'tbeenpublished.C.Itincludessomedrawingtechniques.D.It'sabiographyofJulianBeever.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"jawdropping"mostprobablymean?A.Romantic. B.Amazing. C.Frightening D.Depressing.Wecaninferthatthetextis.A.abookreview B.adescriptionofstreetartC.anadvertisementforanewbook D.anintroductiontoanartist【答案】(1)C⑵B3)C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文， JulianBeever是一个国际知名的粉笔艺术家，他的三维绘画作品已经出现在伦敦，布宜诺斯艾利斯，巴黎，纽约，和世界各地的无数城市的街头。而在他的新书中这位艺术家也和读者分享了一些他最迷人的和幽默的作品。(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"inhisbook,Pavementchalkartist:Thethree-dimensionaldrawingsofJulianBeever,theartistsharessomeofhismostfascinatingandhumorouspieces'可知JulianBeever以绘画而闻名，而他的书中也涵盖了一些他的作品，选C。(2)考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段中的 "You'resuretospendagesturningtheleavesbackandforth,surprisedathowonemancancreatewhatlookslikeathree-dimensionaldesignonaflatsurfacewithjustabitofchalk 可知读者会惊讶于逼真的三维设计，会反复地翻看，由此判断选Bo(3)考查推理判断。文章开头介绍了著名的画家，然后通篇介绍他的新书内容，而且文章最后还介绍了书的价格以及去哪里可以购买到此书，由此判断该文是一篇介绍书的广告，选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。.阅读理解ThirteenvehicleslineduplastMarchtoraceacrosstheMojaveDesert,seekingamillioninprizemoney.Towin,theyhadtofinishthe142-mileraceinlessthan10hours.Teamsandwatchersknewtheremightbenowinneratall,becausethesevehiclesweremissingakeypart一drivers.DARPA,theDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,organizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloproboticvehiclesforfuturebattlefields.ButtheGrandChallenge,asitwascalled,justprovedhowdifficultitistogetacartospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwithouthumanguidance.Onehaditsbrakelockupinthestartingarea.Anotherbeganbythrowingitselfontoawall.Anothergottiedupbybushesneartheroadafter1.9miles.Oneturnedupsidedown.Onetookoffinentirelythewrongdirectionandhadtobedisabledbyremotecontrol.Onewentalittlemorethanamileandrushedintoafence;anothermanagedtogoforsixmilesbutstuckonarock.The"winner,"iftherewasany,reached7.8milesbeforeitranintoalong,narrowhole,andthefrontwheelscaughtonfire."Yougetalotofrespectfornaturalabilitiesofthelivingthings,"saysReinholdBehringer,whohelpeddesigntwoofthecar-sizevehiclesforacompanycalledSci-Autonics."Evenants（蚂蚁）candoallthesetaskseffortlessly.It'sveryhardforustoputtheseabilitiesintoourmachines."Theroboticvehicles,thoughwithnecessarymodernequipmentsuchasadvancedcomputersandGPSguidance,hadtroublefiguringoutfastenoughtheblocksaheadthatatwo-year-oldhumanrecognizesimmediately.Sure,thatveryyoungchild,whohasjustonlylearnedtowalk,maynotthinktowipeapplejuiceoffherface,butshealreadyknowsthatwhenthere'sacookieinthekitchenshehastoclimbupthetable,andthatwhenshegetstothecookieitwilltastegood.Sheismoreadvanced,evenmonthsold,thananymachinehumanshavedesigned.（1）Watchersdoubtedifanyofthevehiclescouldfinishtheracebecause .theydidnothaveanyhumanguidancetheroadwasnotfamiliartothedriversthedistancewastoolongforthevehiclestheprizemoneywasunattractivetothedrivers（2）DARPAorganizedtheraceinorderto .raisemoneyforproducingmoreroboticvehiclespushthedevelopmentofvehicleindustrytrainmorepeopletodriveinthedesertimprovethevehiclesforfuturewarsFromthepassageweknow"roboticvehicles"areakindofmachinesthat .candoeffortlesslywhatevertaskslivingthingcancantakepartinaraceacross142mileswithatimelimitcanshowofftheirabilitytoturnthemselvesupsidedowncanmovefromplacetoplacewithoutbeingdrivenbyhumanbeingsInthelastparagraph,thewriterimpliesthatthereisalongwaytogo .foraroboticvehicletofinisha142-mileracewithoutanydifficultiesforalittlechildwhohasjustlearnedtowalktoreachthecookieonthetableforaroboticvehicletodealwithasimpleproblemthatalittlechildcansolveD.foralittlechildtounderstandtheimportanceofwipingapplejuiceoffitsface【答案】 （1）ADDC【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了 DARPA组织一次汽车越野比赛，目的是想改进未来战场上的机器人汽车，并介绍了这些机器汽车的优点和缺点。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的 “Teamsandwatchersknewtheremightbenowinneratall,becausethesevehiclesweremissingakeypart－drivers.车队和观众都知道可能根本没有”赢家，因为这些车缺少了一个关键的部分司机。可知，这些汽车都没有驾驶员。故选 A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的 "DARPAheDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,organizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloproboticvehiclesforfuturebattlefields.美国国防部高级研究计划局 （DARPA珥织了这次比赛，作为推动未来战场机器人车辆发展的一部分。可以推测，DARPA组织这次比赛是军事目的是想改进未来战争用车，故选Do33）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"ButtheGrandChallenge,asitwascalled,justprovedhowdifficultitistogetacartospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwithouthumanguidance.但这项被称为大挑战”的项目恰恰证明了，在没有人类引导的情况下，让一辆汽车快速穿越一片陌生的沙漠是多么困难。可以推断出 “roboticvehicles是一种不要人操作的汽车，故选Do（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"shesmoreadvanced…thananymachine...可知机器远不如人的智力。故选 Co【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。5.（2019?北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、CD四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide（ 二氧化碳）intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3C,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener."Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging."shesaid,"butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging."（1）Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"vulnerable"inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive B.Beneficial C.Significant D.UnnoticeableWhatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchangesPhytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimateD.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?ToassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchangesToanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchainToexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceansD.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton【答案】(1)B⑵A(3)D(4)C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并影响浮游植物的生长。(1)段落大意题。第一段"Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.可知，至U本世纪末，”一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再根据第二段中的"Attheheartphenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganismscalledphytoplankton.Becaustofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktonscreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentration可知，'这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。故选Bo(2)词义猜测题。根据第三段中的 "Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunshineandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.可知，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swamningtrend 可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。故选Ao(3)推理判断题。根据第四段中的 "Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener可知Dutkiewicz的模型预测，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了”。由此可推断，浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。故选Do（4）主旨大意题。第一段提出文章的主旨 "Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.可知到本世纪末。一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再结合第三段 "Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarningtrendWarmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,可知，浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趋势的影响，变暖改变了海洋的关键特征，并能影响浮游植物的生长可知本文主要解释气候变化对海洋及其植物的影响。故选Q【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。6.阅读理解Byanalyzingthefossilizedteethofsomeofourmostancientancestors,ateamofscientistsledbytheuniversitiesofBristol（UK）andLyon（France）havediscoveredthatthefirsthumanssignificantlybreastfedtheirinfants（婴儿）forlongerperiodsthantheircontemporaryrelatives.Theresults,publishedinthejournalScienceAdvances,provideafirstinsightintothepracticeofweaning（断奶）thatremainotherwiseunseeninthefossilrecord.Theteamsampledminuteamountsfromnearly40fossilizedteethofourSouthAfricanfossilrelatives,earlyHomo,ParanthropusrobustusandAustralopithecusafricanus.Theymeasuredtheproportionsoftheirstablecalciumisotopes（同位素）inthetoothenamel（牙釉质）,whichareafunctionofthemothermilkintakebyinfants.TheyshowthatearlyHomooffspring（后代）wasbreastfedinsignificantproportionsuntiltheageofaroundthreetofouryears,whichlikelyplayedaroleintheapparitionoftraitsthatarespecifictohumanlineage（血统），suchasthebraindevelopment.Incontrast,infantsofParanthropusrobustus,thatbecameextinctaroundonemillionyearsagoandwereamorerobustspeciesintermsofdentalanatomy,aswellasinfantsofAustralopithecusafricanus,stoppeddrinkingsizeableproportionsofmothermilkinthecourseofthefirstmonthsoflife.Thesedifferencesinnursingbehaviorslikelycomewithmajorchangesinthesocialstructuresofgroupsaswellasthetimebetweenthebirthofonechildandthebirthofthenext.Oneofthestudy'sleadauthors,DrTheoTacailsaid:"Thepracticeofweaning--thedurationofbreastfeeding,ageatnon-milkfoodintroductionandtheageatcessationofsuckling--differsamongthemodernmembersofthehominidfamilywhichincludeshumansandmoderngreatapes:orangutan,gorillas,chimpanzeesandbonobos.Thedevelopmentofsuchbehavioraldifferenceslikelyplayedmajorrolesintheevolutionofthemembersofhumanlineage,beingassociatedforinstancewithsizeandstructureofsocialgroups,braindevelopment.However,gettinginsightsintothesebehavioralchangesfromfossilsthataremillionsofyearsoldisachallengeand,sofar,littleevidenceallowdiscussingnursingpracticesinthesefossilspecies.Thefindingsstresstheneedforfurtherexplorationofcalciumstablesisotopescompositionsinthefossilrecordinordertounderstandtheco-evolutionofweaningpracticeswithothertraitssuchasbrainsizeorsocialbehaviors."/first-human-ancestors-breastfed-for-longer-than-contemporary-relatives//releases/2019/08/190829115427.htm（1）Whatdoweknowthefindingsoftheteam?IttakestheleadinfocusingonPracticeweaning.Ithasdisclosedthelinkbetweentheweaningpracticeandothertraits.Itisevidentthatnursingpracticeisassociatedwithbehavioralchanges.It'scontemporaryhumansthatspendmoretimebreastfeedingtheirinfants.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"suchbehavioraldifferences"inParagraph7mostprobablyreferto?Differencesinthecalciumisotopeintheteeth.Differencesinthesocialstructureofgroups.Differencesinthepracticeofweaning.Differencesinthechangeofbehaviors.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?Theevolutionofhumanlineage.Thepossibleinfluenceofnursingbehaviors.Theexplorationofcompositionsinthefossil.Thefunctionofmothermilkattheageofinfants.【答案】 （1）ACB【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过对祖先牙齿化石的研究，科学家们发现第一批用母乳喂养婴儿的人类比同时代的其他的近亲在时间上要长很多，而这种育幼差异可能在人类进化中扮演了重要角色 ，比如大脑发育和社会群体方面。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的 “Theresults,publishedinthejournalScienceAdvances,provideafirstinsightintothepracticeofweaning可知这项研究结果发表在《科学进展》杂 ”志上，为断奶行为提供了第一手资料，而这在化石记录中是看不到的。故选 A。（2）考查句义猜测。根据第六段中的“Thepracticeofweaning--thedurationofbreastfeeding,ageatnon-milkfoodintroductionandtheageatcessationofsuckling--differsamongthemodernmembersofthehominidfamilywhichincludeshumansandmoderngreatapes:orangutan,gorillas,chimpanzeesandbonobos.可知现代人和古代人的断奶行为不同，”而且人类和猩猩以及猿猴在断奶的时间上是不同的，即不同时代 /不同物种的断奶行为是有TOC\o"1-5"\h\z差异的，而画线部分的 such就是指上文提到的内容。故选 C。（3）考查主旨大意。根据第七段中的 "Thedevelopmentofsuchbehavioraldifferences•••intheevolutionofthemembersofhumanlineage,beingassociatedforinstancewithsizeandstructureofsocialgroups,braindevelopment.可知，这种行为差异的发展可能在人类血统成 ”员的进化中扮演了重要角色，例如与社会群体的大小和结构，大脑的发展有关。所以短文主要是关于育幼行为可能带来的影响。故选 B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。阅读理解EffectiveFriday,ScreenActorsGuild-AmericanFederationofTelevisionandRadioArtists（SAG-AFTRA）hasdeclaredastrikeagainst11videogamepublishersovergamesthatwentintoproductionafterFeb.17,2015.Thecompaniesincludesomeoftheheavyweightsoftheindustry,likeElectronicArtsProductions,InsomniacGames,ActivisionandDisney.Thestrikecomesinlightofanunsuccessful19monthsofnegotiationsaftertheexistinglaborcontractknownastheInteractiveMediaAgreementexpiredinlate2014.Overall,thestrikeisanefforttoprovidemoresecondarycompensationalongwithotherconcerns,suchastransparencyuponhiringtalentandon-set（制作中）safetyprecautions.Thevideogamingindustryhasballoonedinrecentyears.TheLosAngelesTimesreportsthattheindustryisinthemidstofanintenseincreaseincashflow.In2015,gamingproduced$23.5billionindomesticrevenue.ButSAG-AFTRAsaysvoiceactorsdon'treceiveresiduals（追加酬金 ）fortheirgamingwork.Instead,theyreceiveafixedrate,whichistypicallyabout$825forastandardfour-hourvocalsession.Sothevoiceactorsarepushingfortheideaofsecondarycompensation—aperformancebonuseverytimeagamesells2millioncopiesordownloads,orreaches2millionsubscribers,withacapat8million."It'saverysmallnumberofgamesthatwouldtriggerthissecondarycompensationissue,"saidvoiceactorCrispinFreeman,who'samemberoftheunion'snegotiatingcommittee."Thisisanimportantaspectofwhatitmeanstobeafreelance（从事自由职业的 ）performer,whoisn'tregularlyenjoyedeverysingledayworkingonprojects."Anothermajorcomplaintfromtheactorsisthesecrecyoftheindustry."Ican'timagineifthere'sanyotheractingjobintheworldwhereyoudon'tknowwhatshowyou'rein,whenyou'rehired,"saysvoiceactorKeytheFarley,whochairstheSAG-AFTRAnegotiatingcommittee."Andyetthathappenseverydayinthevideogameworld,"FarleytoldreportersduringapressconferenceFriday."IwasamaincharacterinFallout4,acharacterbythenameofKellogg,andIneverknewthatIwasdoingvocalrecordingforthatgamethroughouttheyearandahalf."ScottWitlin,thelawyerrepresentingthevideogamecompanies,saysvoiceactors"representlessthanonetenthoflpercentoftheworkthatgoesintomakingavideogame."So"eventhoughthey'rethetopcraftsmenintheirfield,"Witlinsays,"ifwepaythemunderavastlydifferentsystemthanthepeoplewhodothe99.9percentofthework,that'sgoingtocreatefarmoreproblemsforthevideogamecompanies."WhydidSAG-AFTRAdeclareastrikeagainstsomevideogamepublishers?Ithadbeencheatedrepeatedlyinthe19monthsoftalks.Thelaborcontractbetweenthemhadbeenviolated.Thenegotiationsbetweenthemhadbrokendown.Itsappealtorenegotiatethecontracthadbeenrejected.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutthevideogamingindustry?A.Ithasinvestedalotinitsdomesticmarket.B.Ithasattractedmanyfamousvoiceactors.C.Ithasbecomemoreopenandtransparent.D.Ithasgainedhugeprofitsinrecentyears.Whatarethevoiceactorsdemanding?A.Extrapaybasedonsalesrevenues. B.Anon-discriminatorycontract.C.Alimitonthemaximumworkhours. D.Moreregularemployment.WhatdoesKeytheFarleysayaboutvoiceactors?Theyarenotpaidonaregularbasis.Theyarekeptinthedarkaboutmanydetailsoftheirjob.Theyarediscriminatedagainstinthegamingindustry.Theyarenotemployedfull-time.WhatistheargumentoflawyerScottWitlin?Changingthepaysystemwouldcausetheindustrymoreproblems.Payingvoiceactorsonanhourlybasisisinfinewiththelaw.Voiceactorsshouldhaveapayraiseiftheyprovetobetopcraftsmen.Voiceactorsaremerecraftsmen,notprofessionalperformers.【答案】(1)C⑵DAB⑸A【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国演员工会针对配音演员酬劳协商无果的问题进行了罢工。近年来美国游戏行业快速发展，游戏公司从中获得巨大利润，但配音演员的酬劳却一直维持不变，故他们希望可以按照游戏销售量获得额外的报酬。但律师认为如果改变声音演员的报酬系统，游戏公司将会面临更多的问题，因为他们只做了其中少之又少的工作。(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的 "Thestrikecomesinlightofanunsuccessful19monthsofnegotiationsaftertheexistinglaborcontractknownastheInteractiveMediaAgreementexpiredinlate2014.可知，由于为期19个月的谈判没有成功， SAG-AFTR秋定采取罢工来对抗一些游戏制彳公司。故选C(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的 "Thevideogamingindustryhasb