河南省商丘市2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试题 （ 含答案解析 ）

第18页/共18页2022—2023学年上期期中联考高一英语试题(考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分)第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHowDoDifferentAnimalsSleep?BigSleepersPredators,suchaslionsandwolves,tendtosleepmorethantheirprey.Theyalsospendmoretimedreaming,althoughscientistsdon’tknowwhy.LightSleepersGiraffesdon’tgetverymuchsleep—onlyafewhoursaday.Forgiraffes,sleepingisawkwardandleavesthemweaktotheirenemies.Sogiraffesmostlytakeshortnapswhilestandingup.Buttheydoneedtoliedownforhalfanhourorsoofdeep,dreamingsleep.Itcantakeawholeminuteforagiraffetogetbackuponitslonglegsagain.AComfortableBedMostanimalsliketofindasafe,comfortableplacetosleep.Gorillasmakethemselvessleepingnestsofbranchesandleavesonthegroundorinatree.Everygorillamakesafreshnewnesteverynight,eveniftheyhaven5tmovedfarfromtheonetheyusedthenightbefore.Half-asleepDolphinsareair-breathingmammalsthatswiminthesea.Buthowdotheysleep?Iftheystopswimmingtotakeanap,won’ttheysinkanddrown?Scientistsstudyingsealsanddolphinshavediscoveredasurprisinganswer—theseanimalscansleepwithonehalfoftheirbrainwhiletheotherhalfstaysawake!Whiletherighthalfofthedolphin’sbrainisasleep,thelefthalfstaysawake.Thisletsthedolphinkeepitsnoseabovethewatersoitcanbreathe.Afterabout20minutes,thesidesswitch,allowingtheotherhalfofthedolphin’sbraintosleep.DoBugsSleep?Bugsdon’tsleepinthesamewaywedo.Buttheydohaveperiodsofresteveryday.Dragonfliesoftenhaveafavoritespotthattheyreturntotimeaftertimetorest.1.Whatcanweknowaboutgiraffes’sleepinghabit?A.Theyarebigsleepers. B.Theydon’tneeddeepsleepatall.C.Theyusuallystandupwhilesleeping. D.Theytendtosleepmorethantheirprey.2.Whichofthefollowinganimalschoosestobehalf-asleep?A.Wolves. B.Dolphins. C.Gorillas. D.Giraffes.3.Howdodragonfliessleep?A.Theysleepwhileflying. B.Theysleeponthesurfaceofthewater.CTheysleepinthesamewayhumansdo. D.Theyreturntothesameplacetotakearest.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同动物的睡眠习惯。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sogiraffesmostlytakeshortnapswhilestandingup.(所以长颈鹿大多是站着小睡的)”可知，长颈鹿睡觉时通常站着。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Scientistsstudyingsealsanddolphinshavediscoveredasurprisinganswer—theseanimalscansleepwithonehalfoftheirbrainwhiletheotherhalfstaysawake!(研究海豹和海豚的科学家们发现了一个令人惊讶的答案——这些动物睡觉时可以用一半的大脑睡觉，而另一半保持清醒！)”可知，海豚选择半睡半醒。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Dragonfliesoftenhaveafavoritespotthattheyreturntotimeaftertimetorest.(蜻蜓经常有一个最喜欢的地方，它们会一次又一次地回到那里休息)”可知，蜻蜓回到同一个地方休息。故选D。BHansisayoungGermanbornafter1995,whoisabigfanofChineseculture.HehasbeenlearningtraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)since2016.Nowheisstudyingforhismaster’sdegreeatHenanUniversityofChineseMedicine.Ashethoughtsomediseasescan’tbetreatedthoroughlywithWesternmedicine,hedecidedtoresearchintoTCM.HanscametoCentralChina’sHenanProvincein2015,wherearichTCMculturecanbeenjoyedbecauseHenanProvinceisthehometownofZhangZhongjing,themedicalmasterofancientChina.AfteroneyearoflearningtheChineselanguage,hestartedtolearnChinesemedicine.HansthoughtTCMisoneofthebest-preservedaspectsofChineseculture.HehopestosolveproblemsandunderstandChineseculturedeeplybylearningTCM.Withoutalanguagebarrier,HansreadsomeoftheancientChinesemedicalclassics,suchasHuangdiNeijingandYiJing.HebelievesdifferentaspectsoftraditionalChinesecultureinteractwitheachother.StudyingTCMalsochangedHans’mindandlifestyle.Heusedtobeaddictedtoelectronicdevicesandstayuplateeverynight,trappedinthisfast-pacedbutunhealthydailyroutine.Butnow,accordingtotheYin-YangtheoryinTCM,helivesabalancedandpeacefullife,practicinggoodhabitssuchasdrinkingteaandmeditating,aswellasreadingancientbooks.Hansalsouseswhathehaslearnedtohelphisfamily.Previously,acupuncturetoolsandChinesemedicinewerenecessitieswhenhewentbacktohishomeinGermany.WithacupunctureandChinese-stylemassages,variousphysicaldisordersofhisfamilyhavebeenwell-treated.Now,healwaysprovideshisfamilymemberswithsomeadviceaboutstayingfitafterhecheckstheirskinortonguesonline.Overtime,hisfamilygraduallybegantounderstandhispassionforTCM.HeplanstorunatraditionalChineseclinicinChinaorGermanyaftergraduation,whichcouldserveasabridgebetweenthetwocountriesandpublicizeTCManditsculture.4.WhatattractedHanstoHenanProvincetostudyTCM?A.ItsrichTCMculture. B.Itsuniquelanguage.C.Itsbeautifulscenery. D.Itsfamousuniversity.5.WhatmakesitpossibleforHanstoreadancientChinesemedicalclassics?A.Hisfamily’ssupport. B.Hisfinancialsituation.C.Hislanguagelearning. D.Hispreviousexperience.6.HowhasstudyingTCMaffectedHans?A.Hehasmadeabigfortune. B.Hehasknownmanymedicalexperts.C.HehassetupaclinicinGermany. D.Hehasdevelopedahealthylifestyle.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHans?A.Ambitious. B.Brave. C.Humorous. D.Good-mannered.【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了95后德国青年Hans学习中医文化的事情。介绍了他如何学习中医以及中医对他的影响。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“HanscametoCentralChina’sHenanProvincein2015,wherearichTCMculturecanbeenjoyedbecauseHenanProvinceisthehometownofZhangZhongjing,themedicalmasterofancientChina.(汉斯于2015年来到中国中部的河南省，在那里可以欣赏到丰富的中医文化，因为河南省是中国古代医学大师张仲景的家乡)”可知，河南丰富的中医文化吸引Hans来到河南学习中医。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Withoutalanguagebarrier,HansreadsomeoftheancientChinesemedicalclassics,suchasHuangdiNeijingandYiJing.(没有语言障碍，Hans阅读了一些中国古代医学经典，如《黄帝内经》和《易经》)”可知，语言学习使Hans能够阅读中国古代医学经典。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“StudyingTCMalsochangedHans’mindandlifestyle.Heusedtobeaddictedtoelectronicdevicesandstayuplateeverynight,trappedinthisfast-pacedbutunhealthydailyroutine.Butnow,accordingtotheYin-YangtheoryinTCM,helivesabalancedandpeacefullife,practicinggoodhabitssuchasdrinkingteaandmeditating,aswellasreadingancientbooks.(学习中医也改变了Hans的思想和生活方式。他曾经沉迷于电子设备，每天都熬夜，被困在这种快节奏但不健康的日常生活中。但现在，根据中医的阴阳学说，他过着平衡和平的生活，养成了饮茶、冥想以及阅读古籍等好习惯)”可知，学习中医对Hans的影响是让他养成了健康的生活方式。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“HeplanstorunatraditionalChineseclinicinChinaorGermanyaftergraduation,whichcouldserveasabridgebetweenthetwocountriesandpublicizeTCManditsculture.(他计划毕业后在中国或德国经营一家中医诊所，作为两国之间的桥梁，宣传中医及其文化)”可推知，Hans很有抱负。故选A。CDespiteyearsofdroughtandwater-savingpolicies,Californianscontinuetoputalotofclean,drinkablewaterintoyardstokeepthegreeneryalive.Now,however,SouthernCaliforniaofficialshavecarriedoutverystrictlimitsonoutdoorwateruseinresponsetoawatershortageemergency.Soyoumayneedtofindotherwaystokeepyourplantsfromdryinginthesummersun.Howaboutwateringthemwithgreywaterinsteadofcleanwater?Greywateristhewaterfromshowers,bathtubs,washingmachines—anythingthat’snotfilledwithhumanwaste,foodorpoisonouschemicals.Withtherightmeasures,greywatercanbefineformostplantlife.Ifyou’reatypicalSouthernCalifornian,you’rethrowingalotofgreywaterintothesewersystem.Everyloadofclothesyouwashleadstoroughly15to40gallonsofit,dependingonyourwasher’sdesignandefficiency.Overthecourseofayear,thousandsofgallonsofsoapywaterranaway.That’senoughtokeepanumberoftreesandotherplantshappy.Andifyou’rereallyambitious,youcanbuildasystemthatcarriesallofyourhornedgreywatertotherootsofyourgrassland,thusmakingyournon-nativegrassinyouryardwateredregularly.Somecritics,theLosAngelesSanitationandEnvironmentBureau,seegreywaterrecyclingasenvironmentallyrisky,damagingpublicwastewaterrecyclingeffortsanduneconomic.However,otherlocalagenciesacrossthestate,includingtheLosAngelesDepartmentofWaterandPower,activelyendorsegreywaterprojectsasawaytoreducewateruse.Supportersadmitthattheprojectscarrysomeriskandrequiregreatefforts,butinsistthattheycansavecleanwaterandhelpyourplants.8.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph1?A.Californiaisveryrichincleananddrinkablewater.B.Thereisalackofwater-savingpoliciesinCalifornia.C.OutdoorwateruseinCaliforniawillbestrictlycontrolled.D.DifferentwaystosavewaterhavebeenadoptedinCalifornia.9.What’sthepurposeofparagraph3?A.Tosummarizethebenefitsofusinggreywater.B.Toprovidereasonswhygreywatershouldbeused.C.Tomakeapredictionaboutthefutureofgreywater.D.Tointroducesomenewwaystosavedrinkablewater.10.What’stheattitudetowardstheuseofgreywateraccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Negative. B.Indifferent. C.Positive. D.Objective.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“endorse”meaninparagraph4?A.Oppose. B.Promote. C.Abandon. D.Recover.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了加州将严格控制户外用水，介绍了用灰水代替清水给植物浇水的方法。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Now,however,SouthernCaliforniaofficialshavecarriedoutverystrictlimitsonoutdoorwateruseinresponsetoawatershortageemergency.(然而，现在南加州的官员已经对户外用水进行了非常严格的限制，以应对缺水紧急情况)”可推知，加州将严格控制户外用水。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Ifyou’reatypicalSouthernCalifornian,you’rethrowingalotofgreywaterintothesewersystem.Everyloadofclothesyouwashleadstoroughly15to40gallonsofit,dependingonyourwasher’sdesignandefficiency.Overthecourseofayear,thousandsofgallonsofsoapywaterranaway.That’senoughtokeepanumberoftreesandotherplantshappy.Andifyou’rereallyambitious,youcanbuildasystemthatcarriesallofyourhornedgreywatertotherootsofyourgrassland,thusmakingyournon-nativegrassinyouryardwateredregularly.(如果你是典型的南加州人，你会把大量的灰水扔进下水道系统。你洗的每一件衣服大约需要15到40加仑，这取决于你洗衣机的设计和效率。在一年中，成千上万加仑的肥皂水流失了。这足以让一些树木和其他植物高兴。如果你真的雄心勃勃，你可以建立一个系统，将所有角状的灰水输送到你的草原根部，从而使你院子里的非原生草定期浇水)”可推知，第3段的目的是提供使用灰水的理由。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Somecritics,theLosAngelesSanitationandEnvironmentBureau,seegreywaterrecyclingasenvironmentallyrisky,damagingpublicwastewaterrecyclingeffortsanduneconomic.However,otherlocalagenciesacrossthestate,includingtheLosAngelesDepartmentofWaterandPower,activelyendorsegreywaterprojectsasawaytoreducewateruse.Supportersadmitthattheprojectscarrysomeriskandrequiregreatefforts,butinsistthattheycansavecleanwaterandhelpyourplants.(洛杉矶卫生和环境局的一些批评者认为，灰水的循环利用对环境来说是有风险的，它会破坏公共废水的循环利用，而且不经济。然而，全州的其他地方机构，包括洛杉矶水利和电力部门，都积极支持灰色水项目，作为减少用水的一种方式。支持者承认这些项目有一定的风险，需要付出巨大的努力，但坚持认为它们可以节约清洁用水，帮助你的植物)”可推知，人们对使用灰水的态度是客观的。故选D。【11题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“However,otherlocalagenciesacrossthestate,includingtheLosAngelesDepartmentofWaterandPower,actively”以及后文“greywaterprojectsasawaytoreducewateruse”可知，however表示转折，说明全州的其他地方机构，包括洛杉矶水利和电力部门，都积极支持、提倡灰色水项目，作为减少用水的一种方式。故画线词意思是“支持，提倡”。故选B。DBabiescanidentifypeoplewhoarecloselyrelatedbasedonwhethertheyexchangesaliva,whichmayhelpthemtounderstandthesocialworldaroundthem.Youngchildrenandtheircaregiversoftensharesaliva,forexample,iftheykissonthelipsoreatwiththesamespoon.Asaresult,childrenmaylearnthatsaliva-sharingisasignofcloserelationships.Totestthisidea,AshleyThomasatHarvardUniversityandherworkmatesshowedbabiesvideosofpuppetsandactorsindifferentsituations.Inoneexperiment,20babiesagedbetween8.5and10monthsoldand26babiesaged16.5to18.5monthswatchedapuppeteatingfromthesameorangesliceasafemaleactor—implyingsaliva-sharing—andplayingballwithanother.Whenthepuppetlaterbegantocry,thebabiestendedtolookfirstandforlongeratthesaliva-sharingactor,asiftheyassumedshewasmorelikelytoprovidecomfort.Theexperimentwasrepeatedwith118USbabiesaged14.5to19monthsfromdiverseracial,economicandgeographicalbackgroundsandproducedthesameresults.Inanotherexperiment,babieswatchedanactorputherfingerinhermouthandtheninthemouthofapuppet.Theyalsowatchedhertouchherforeheadandthentouchtheforeheadofanotherpuppet.Whentheactorlaterlookedannoyedandsaid“ohno”,thebabieslookedfirstandforlongeratthesaliva-sharingpuppet,asifexpectingittobethemaincomforter.Together,theseresultssuggestthatyoungchildrenpickupsaliva-sharingcuesandusethemtoidentify‘‘thick”relationships—thosethatinvolvestrongattachmentsandmoraldutiesofcare,suchasbetweenclosefamilymembers,saysThomas.Itisimportantforyoungchildrentoknowwhotheyhavethickrelationshipswithbecausetheyaredependentonothersforsurvivalandmustfigureoutwhoismostlikelytorespondtotheirneedsandanxieties,saysThomas.12.Whatdoesababythinkofsaliva-sharingaccordingtopassage?A.Agoodchancetogooutside. B.Astrongdesiretobehugged.C.Asignalofbeingdependable. D.Aninterestinggameforbabies.13.Whatcanwelearnfromthetwosaliva-sharingexperimentsinthetext?A.Babiesonlysharesalivawiththeonestheyreallybelievein.B.Babiesshownointerestinthesaliva-sharingexperimentsatall.C.Babiesonlywanttobecomfortedbytheirownfamilymembers.D.Babiesaremorelikelytoturntosaliva-sharingsubjectsforhelp.14.Whyisitsignificantforbabiestoidentifycloserelationships?A.Toturntotherightpersonwhenintrouble.B.Todevelopahealthyrelationshipwithothers.C.Toknowwhomtheyshouldsharedailyfoodwith.D.Todevelopapositiveattitudetotheoutsideworld.15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HowDoBabiesExchangeSalivawithOthers?B.WhatEffectDoesSaliva-sharingHaveonBabies?C.WhatWillBabiesdoWhenTheySenseTroubles?D.HowDoBabiesDevelopRelationshipswithOthers?【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了婴儿可以根据是否交换唾液来确定谁是近亲，这可能有助于他们了解周围的社交世界。文章介绍了研究的两项实验以及实验结果表明，幼小的孩子学会了分享唾液的线索，并利用它们来识别“亲密”关系——那些涉及强烈依恋和照顾的道德责任的关系，如亲密的家庭成员之间。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Asaresult,childrenmaylearnthatsaliva-sharingisasignofcloserelationships.(因此，孩子们可能会了解到分享唾液是亲密关系的标志)”可知，婴儿认为分享唾液是可靠的信号。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Together,theseresultssuggestthatyoungchildrenpickupsaliva-sharingcuesandusethemtoidentify‘‘thick”relationships—thosethatinvolvestrongattachmentsandmoraldutiesofcare,suchasbetweenclosefamilymembers,saysThomas.(托马斯说，总之，这些结果表明，幼小的孩子学会了分享唾液的线索，并利用它们来识别“亲密”关系——那些涉及强烈依恋和照顾的道德责任的关系，如亲密的家庭成员之间)”可知，两个唾液分享实验告诉我们：婴儿更有可能向分享唾液的对象寻求帮助。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Itisimportantforyoungchildrentoknowwhotheyhavethickrelationshipswithbecausetheyaredependentonothersforsurvivalandmustfigureoutwhoismostlikelytorespondtotheirneedsandanxieties,saysThomas.(托马斯说，年幼的孩子知道他们与谁有密切的关系是很重要的，因为他们需要依靠别人生存，必须弄清楚谁最有可能回应他们的需求和焦虑)”可知，婴儿识别亲密关系很重要是因为他们需要在遇到麻烦时向对的人求助。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Babiescanidentifypeoplewhoarecloselyrelatedbasedonwhethertheyexchangesaliva,whichmayhelpthemtounderstandthesocialworldaroundthem.(婴儿可以根据是否交换唾液来确定谁是近亲，这可能有助于他们了解周围的社交世界)”结合文章介绍了研究的两项实验以及实验结果表明，幼小的孩子学会了分享唾液的线索，并利用它们来识别“亲密”关系——那些涉及强烈依恋和照顾的道德责任的关系，如亲密的家庭成员之间。可知，B选项“分享唾液对婴儿有什么影响？”最符合文标题。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2_5分，满分l2.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Weoftenwakeupinthemiddleofthenightwithourmouthsfeelingdryevenifwehavedrunksomewaterbeforegoingtobed.Feelingthirstyinthemiddleofthenighthassomethingtodowithalackofwater.____16____Firstofall,takeagoodlookathowmanyglassesofwateryou’vereallydrunkduringtheday.____17____Webetthattheeightglassesmustincludesugaredsodas,coffeeandteaaswell.Thesedrinksactuallydon’tgivethebodyenoughwater.Besidesthis,thecaffeineincoffeecausesyoutogotothetoiletmoreoften.____18____So,there’sabiggerchanceofyouwakingupthirstyinthemiddleofthenight.It’snotjustwhatyoudrinkduringthedaythatinfluencesyourthirstatnight.____19____Forexample,haveyoueatenaverysaltymeal?Thenyourbodywillstillbebusyburningthisfoodduringthenight,whichcancauseheartburninsomecases.Heartburnisasignthatyou’vecaughtthefluor,intheworstcase,asignofdiabetes(糖尿病).Agoodsolutionfornightlythirstistodrinkenoughwaterduringthedayandtoavoidsaltyfoodsasmuchasyoucan.Also,prepareyourselfbyplacingabigglassofwaterbyyoursidebeforegoingtobed.____20____AThatresultsinyourlosingmorewaterB.ThesmartestwayistogotoseeadoctorC.FoodyoueatcanalsobeveryinfluentialD.Youdon’ttakealotofcoffeeinthedaytimeE.You’vereallydrunkeightglassesduringthedayF.ThiswillhelpyoufallasleepagainmorequicklyafterdrinkingG.Yettherearemanydifferentreasonswhyyou’refeelingsothirsty【答案】16.G17.E18.A19.C20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了导致我们半夜醒来口渴的一些原因。【16题详解】根据上文“Weoftenwakeupinthemiddleofthenightwithourmouthsfeelingdryevenifwehavedrunksomewaterbeforegoingtobed.Feelingthirstyinthemiddleofthenighthassomethingtodowithalackofwater.(我们经常在半夜醒来，即使睡前喝了一些水，也会感到口干舌燥。半夜感到口渴与缺水有关)”结合后文说明了口渴的其他原因推知，空处陈述除了缺少还有其他原因导致晚上口渴。故G选项“然而，你感到如此口渴的原因有很多”符合语境，故选G。【17题详解】根据上文“Firstofall,takeagoodlookathowmanyglassesofwateryou’vereallydrunkduringtheday.(首先，好好看看你一天到底喝了多少杯水)”以及后文“Webetthattheeightglassesmustincludesugaredsodas,coffeeandteaaswell.Thesedrinksactuallydon’tgivethebodyenoughwater.Besidesthis,thecaffeineincoffeecausesyoutogotothetoiletmoreoften.(我们敢打赌，这八杯水里肯定有加糖的苏打水、咖啡和茶。这些饮料实际上不能给身体提供足够的水分。除此之外，咖啡中的咖啡因会让你更频繁地上厕所)”可知，上文提到一天到底喝了多少杯水，后文提到了八杯水，故E选项“你一天真的喝了八杯”符合语境，故选E。【18题详解】根据上文“Webetthattheeightglassesmustincludesugaredsodas,coffeeandteaaswell.Thesedrinksactuallydon’tgivethebodyenoughwater.Besidesthis,thecaffeineincoffeecausesyoutogotothetoiletmoreoften.(我们敢打赌，这八杯水里肯定有加糖的苏打水、咖啡和茶。这些饮料实际上不能给身体提供足够的水分。除此之外，咖啡中的咖啡因会让你更频繁地上厕所)”以及后文“So,there’sabiggerchanceofyouwakingupthirstyinthemiddleofthenight.(所以，你半夜醒来口渴的可能性更大)”可知，上文提到咖啡中的咖啡因会让你更频繁地上厕所。由此推知，空处陈述咖啡会让你口渴的原因——会导致你失去更多的水分，故A选项“这会导致你失去更多的水分”符合语境，故选A。【19题详解】根据上文“It’snotjustwhatyoudrinkduringthedaythatinfluencesyourthirstatnight.(影响你晚上口渴的不仅仅是你白天喝的东西)”以及后文“Forexample,haveyoueatenaverysaltymeal?Thenyourbodywillstillbebusyburningthisfoodduringthenight,whichcancauseheartburninsomecases.Heartburnisasignthatyou’vecaughtthefluor,intheworstcase,asignofdiabetes(糖尿病).(例如，你吃过很咸的饭吗？然后你的身体会在晚上忙着燃烧这些食物，这在某些情况下会导致胃灼热。胃灼热是你感染流感的征兆，最糟糕的情况下，是糖尿病的征兆)”可知，除了喝的东西，我们吃的东西也会让我们可口。由此推知，空处主要说明饮食对口渴的影响，故C选项“你吃的食物也可以很有影响力”符合语境，故选C。【20题详解】根据上文“Agoodsolutionfornightlythirstistodrinkenoughwaterduringthedayandtoavoidsaltyfoodsasmuchasyoucan.Also,prepareyourselfbyplacingabigglassofwaterbyyoursidebeforegoingtobed.(解决夜间口渴的一个好办法是在白天喝足够多的水，尽可能避免吃咸的食物。另外，睡觉前准备好在身边放一大杯水)”可知，上文提到睡觉前准备好在身边放一大杯水，本句为本段最后一句，应说明这么做的作用：帮助你在喝水后更快地再次入睡。故F选项“这将帮助你在喝水后更快地再次入睡”符合语境，故选F。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Aboywassenttothewisestman,wholivedonabeautifulcastlehighonthemountain,tolearnthesecretofhappiness.Onenteringthehallofthecastle,theboysawthewisemantalkingwitheveryonethere,andtheboyhadto____21____fortwohoursbeforeitwashisturntogethisattention.Later,thewisemanlistened____22____andthensuggestedthattheboylookaroundthepalaceandreturnintwohourstogetthe____23____.Meanwhile,thewisemanhandedtheboyateaspoonthatheldtwodropsof____24____.Asyouwanderaround,carrythisspoonwithyouwithoutallowingtheoilto____25____”Theboybeganclimbingandwalkingdownmanyofthestairwaysofthepalace,keepinghiseyes____26____onthespoon.Aftertwohours,hereturnedtothe____27____wherethewisemanwas.“DidyouseethePersiantapestries(壁毯)thatarehanginginmydininghall?Didyouseethegardenthattookthemastergardenertenyearstocreate?”____28____thewiseman.Theboywas____29____.Hehadobservednothing.Hisonly_____30_____hadbeennottospilltheoil.“Thengobackandobservethewondersofmyworld,’’smiledthewiseman._____31_____,theboypickedupthespoonandreturnedtohisexplorationofthepalace.Hesawalloftheworksofartontheceilingsandthe_____32_____,thegardens,andthemountainsallaroundhim.Uponreturningtothewiseman,hetold_____33_____everythinghehadseen.“Butwherearethedropsofoil?”askedthewiseman.Lookingdownatthespoonheheld,theboysawthattheoilwas_____34_____.Thewisemansaid,“Thesecretofhappinessistoseeallthemarvelsoftheworldandneverto_____35_____thedropsofoilonthespoon.‘‘21.A.hold B.listen C.watch D.wait22.A.carelessly B.attentively C.sorrowfully D.clearly23.A.exploration B.acceptance C.explanation D.recognition24.A.water B.oil C.salt D.tea25.A.spill B.destroy C.fall D.disappear26.A.tied B.added C.fixed D.dragged27.A.hall B.bedroom C.castle D.office28.A.ordered B.replied C.forgave D.asked29.A.amazed B.ashamed C.delighted D.satisfied30.A.expression B.patience C.concern D.question31.A.Relieved B.Bored C.Angry D.Hopeless32.A.floors B.tables C.doors D.walls33.A.inreturn B.indetail C.ingeneral D.inpublic34.A.gone B.filled C.melted D.obtained35.A.remember B.keep C.forget D.hold【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.B25.A26.C27.A28.D29.B30.C31.A32.D33.B34.A35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一个小男孩去智者那里询问幸福的秘诀，智者通过让男孩拿着装有油滴的勺子四处走动两回，来告诉男孩幸福的秘诀是看遍世界上所有的奇迹，而永远没忘记勺子上的油滴。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在进入城堡的大厅时，男孩看到智者正在和那里的每个人谈话，男孩不得不等了两个小时才轮到自己引起他的注意。A.hold举着；B.listen听；C.watch观看；D.wait等待。根据后文“fortwohoursbeforeitwashisturntogethisattention”可知，男孩等了两个小时才引起智者的注意。故选D。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，智者仔细地听了他的解释，然后建议这个男孩去看看宫殿，两小时后回来听解释。A.carelessly马虎地；B.attentively专心地；C.sorrowfully悲伤地；D.clearly清楚地。根据后文“andthensuggestedthattheboylookaroundthepalaceandreturnintwohours”可知，智者先是仔细地听了男孩的请求，故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，智者仔细地听了他的解释，然后建议这个男孩去看看宫殿，两小时后回来听解释。A.exploration探索；B.acceptance接受；C.explanation解释；D.recognition认识。根据第一段中“tolearnthesecretofhappiness.”这里指幸福秘诀的解释。故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，智者递给男孩一个茶匙，里面盛着两滴油。A.water水；B.oil油；C.salt盐；D.tea茶叶。根据后文“allowingtheoilto”可知茶匙里是油。故选B。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你四处走动时，带着这个勺子，不要让油洒出来。A.spill洒出；B.destroy破坏；C.fall落下；D.disappear消失。根据上文“carrythisspoonwithyouwithoutallowingtheoilto”可知，智者让男孩带着勺子，不要让油洒出来。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：男孩开始爬上走下宫殿的许多楼梯，眼睛一直盯着勺子。A.tied系；B.added增加；C.fixed固定；D.dragged拖拉。根据上文“keepinghiseyes”指眼睛一直盯着勺子，应用动词fix。故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：两个小时后，他回到智者所在的大厅。A.hall大厅；B.bedroom卧室；C.castle城堡；D.office办公室。呼应上文中“Onenteringthehallofthecastle”指男孩回到智者所在的大厅。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你看到挂在我餐厅里的波斯挂毯了吗？你看到园丁大师花了十年时间建造的花园了吗？”智者问。A.ordered命令；B.replied回答；C.forgave原谅；D.asked询问。根据上文“DidyouseethePersiantapestriesthatarehanginginmydininghall?Didyouseethegardenthattookthemastergardenertenyearstocreate?”可知，智者提出了两个问题。故选D。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：小男孩有点羞愧。A.amazed惊讶的；B.ashamed羞愧的；C.delighted高兴的；D.satisfied满足的。根据后文“Hehadobservednothing.(他什么也没看见)”可知，小男孩有点羞愧，他什么都没看见。故选B。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他唯一关心的是不要把油洒出来。A.expression表达；B.patience耐心；C.concern关心的事；D.question问题。根据后文“hadbeennottospilltheoil”可知，男孩唯一关心的是不要让油洒了。故选C。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：男孩松了一口气，拿起勺子，继续探索宫殿。A.Relieved宽慰的、松了口气的；B.Bored厌倦的；C.Angry生气的；D.Hopeless绝望的。上文“Thengobackandobservethewondersofmyworld”提到智者让男孩再去观察，男孩松了一口气。故选A。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他看到了他周围的天花板、墙壁、花园和山上所有的艺术品。A.floors地板；B.tables桌子；C.doors门；D.walls墙壁。根据上文“Persiantapestriesthatarehanginginmydininghall(挂在我的餐厅里的波斯挂毯)”可知，这里指看墙壁上的艺术品。故选D。【33题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：回到智者面前，他详细地讲述了他所看到的一切。A.inreturn作为报答；B.indetail详细地；C.ingeneral通常；D.inpublic公开地。根据后文“everythinghehadseen”指详细讲述看到的一切。故选B。【34题详解】考查动词/形容词词义辨析。句意：小男孩低头看了看手里拿着的勺子，发现油已经没有了。A.gone不见的；B.filled装满；C.melted融化；D.obtained获得。根据上文“Butwherearethedropsofoil?(但是油滴在哪里呢？)”可知，勺子里的油不见了。故选A。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：智者说：“幸福的秘诀是看遍世界上所有的奇迹，而永远没忘记勺子上的油滴。”A.remember记得；B.keep保持；C.forget忘记；D.hold举着。根据后文“thedropsofoilonthespoon”指没有忘记勺子上的油滴。故选C。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。____36____(Know)asthebirthplaceofkites,WeifanginShandongprovincehasalonghistoryofkite-making.Accordingtolocalartisans(工匠),Weifangkite-makingcandatebackto2,000yearsago.Atfirst,kiteswereusedbythemilitaryforcommunicatingand____37____(measure)distances.Usingbambooandfeaturing____38____(tradition)Chinesepaintings,Weifangkite-makingwasincludedinthenational-levelintangible(非物质的)culturalheritagelistsin2006.AnInternationalKiteFestival____39____(hold)inWeifangeveryyearsince1984.YangHongwei,aged56,isaninheritor(传承者)oftheWeifangkite-makingtechnique.Yang,____40____wasbornintoakite-makingfamily,oftensawkiteswithbrightcolorsanddifferentshapesinhergrandfathersworkshop.Yangbeganlearningthetechniquefromhergrandfather____41____theageof16andafter10years,shestartedherownshopin1992.OnYang’skites,peoplecanseenotonlycommonpatternslike____42____(butterfly)andswallows,butsomeprintstellingChinesemyths,legendsandhistory.Inhersparetime,shealsotravelstodifferentcountriesincluding____43____(German),AustraliaandtheUS____44____(tell)peopleaboutChinesestoriesseenonkitesandkite-makingmethods.“I’maninheritor(继承者)oftheculture.Itisalso_____45_____importantjobofminetospreadtheheritagearoundtheworldandontothenextgeneration,”shesaid.【答案】36.Known37.measuring38.traditional39.hasbeenheld40.who41.at42.butterflies43.Germany44.totell45.an【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了山东省潍坊市作为风筝的发源地，风筝制作历史悠久。介绍了潍坊的风筝制作历史，以及传承人YangHongwei为把潍坊风筝带向世界所做的事情。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：山东省潍坊市作为风筝的发源地，风筝制作历史悠久。短语beknownas表示“作为”，省略be动词，过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Known。37题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：起初，风筝被军队用来通信和测量距离。作介词for的宾语，measure应用动名词形式。故填measuring。【38题详解】考查形容词。句意：潍坊风筝制作以竹子为材料，以中国传统绘画为特色，于2006年被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录。修饰后文名词短语Chinesepaintings应用形容词，作定语。故填traditional。【39题详解】考查时态语态。句意：自1984年以来，潍坊每年都会举办国际风筝节。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合后文since1984可知应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为AnInternationalKiteFestival，助动词用has。故填hasbeenheld。【40题详解】考查定语从句。句意：出生在一个风筝制作家庭的杨女士，经