英国文学史名词解释

名词解说HeroicCouplet:acoupletconsistingoftworhymedlinesofiambicpentameter,andwritteninanelevatedstyle.1．Renaissance:arevivalorrebirthoftheartisticandscientificrevivalwhichoriginatedinItalyinthe14thcenturyandgraduallyspreadalloverEurope.Ithastwofeatures:athirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliteratureandkeeninterestinactivitiesofhumanity.2．Sonnet:14-linelyricpoem,usuallywritteninrhymediambicpentameter.3．Blankverse:poetrywritteninunrhymediambicpentameter.4．Neoclassicism:theEnlightenmentbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestinGreekandRomanworks.ThistendencyisknownasNeoclassicism.5．Sentimentalism:itwasoneoftheimportanttrendsinEnglishliteratureofthelaterdecadesofthe18thcentury.Itconcentratedonthefreeexpressionofthoughtsandemotions,andpresentedanewviewofhumannaturewhichprizedfeelingoverthinking,passionoverreason.6．Romanticism:imagination,emotionandfreedomarecertainlythefocalpointsofromanticism.Theparticularcharacteristicsoftheliteratureofromanticisminclude:subjectivityandanemphasisonindividualism;freedomfromrules;solitaryliferatherthenlifeinsociety;thebeliefsthatimaginationissuperiortoreason;andloveofandworshipofnature.7．LakePoets:theEnglishpoetswholivedinanddrewinspirationfromtheLakeDistrictatthebeginningofthe19thcentury.8．ByronicHeroes:avariantoftheRomanticheroesasatypeofcharacter(enthusiasm,persistence,pursuingfreedom),namedaftertheEnglishRomanticPoetGordonByron.9．Realism:seekstoportrayfamiliarcharacters,situations,andsettingsinarealisticmanner.Thisisdoneprimarilybyusinganobjectivenarrativepointofviewandthroughthebuildupofaccuratedetail.10．Aestheticism:anartmovementsupportingtheemphasisofaestheticvaluesmorethansocio-politicalthemesforliterature,fineart,musicandotherarts.11．Stream-of-Consciousness:itisaliterarytechniquethatpresentsthethoughtsandfeelingsofacharacterastheyoccurwithoutanyclarificationbytheauthor.Itisanarrativemode.12．DramaticMonologue:akindofnarrativepoeminwhichonecharacterspeakstooneormorelistenerswhoserepliesarenotgiveninthepoem.13．IambicPentameter:apoeticlineconsistingoffiveversefeet,witheachfootanunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllable,thatis,witheachfootaniamb.14．Epic:alongnarrativepoemtellingaboutthedeedsofagreatheroandreflectingthevaluesofthesocietyfromwhichitoriginated.15．Elegy:apoemofmourning,usuallyoverthedeathofanindividual;mayalsobealamentoverthepassingoflifeandbeautyorameditationofthenatureofdeath;atypeoflyricpoem.16．Canto:asectionofalongpoem.Thecantoscanbeagreatpoem17．Ode:acomplexandoftenlengthylyricpoem,writteninadignifiedformalstyleonsomeloftyorserioussubjects.Odesarewrittenforaspecialoccasion,tohonorapersonoraseasonortocommemorateanevent.SpenserianStanza:anine-linestanzamadeupof8linesofiambicpentameterendingwithanAlexandrine.Itsthymeschemeisababbcbcc.Thisstanzawascommontotravelliterature.18．MetricalPattern:alyricpoemoffive14-linedstanzascontainingfourtercetsandaclosingcouplet.Therhymeschemeisababcbcdcdedee.文学史中古时期1.Beowulf《贝奥武甫》:thenaturalepicoftheEnglishmetaphor,understatements2.SirGawainandGreenKnight《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》

people;Denmarkstory,alliteration,3.GeoffreyChaucer(杰弗里乔叟）：theFatherofEnglishPoetry;TheCanterburyTales《埃特伯雷故事集》（24stories)文艺中兴时期1.ThomasMore:Utopia《乌托邦》-thecommunicationbetweenmoreandthetravelerwhichjustcamebackfromUtopia.2.FrancisBacon:thefirstEnglishEssayist;Essays《漫笔集》-OfStudies,Of(philosophicalandliteraryworks)3.ThusWyatt:firsttointroducethesonnetintoEnglishliterature.4.EdmundSpenser:Poet'spoet;TheFairyQueen《仙后》(toQueenElizabethI)5.WilliamShakespeare:

Truth世纪英国文学1.JohnDonne:theleadingpoetofMetaphysicalschoolofpoetry;AValediction:ForbiddingMourning《分别：莫悲伤》2.JohnMilton:ParadiseLost《失乐园》（arevoltagainstGod'sauthority),ParadiseRegained《复乐园》（howChristovercameSanta)——storiesweretakenfromBible3.JohnBunyan:thesonofRenaissance;Pilgrim'sProgress《天路历程》(imagination,shadowing,realisticreligiousallegory)世纪英国文学1.theageofreason,classicism,sentimentalismandromanticism(novels,prose,dramas,poetry)2.DanielDefoe:representativeofEnglishrealisticnovel;RobinsonCrusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》(thedevelopmentofayoungmanfromanaiveandartlessyouthtoacleverandhardenedman)3.JonathanSwift:Gulliver'sTravels《格列佛游记》(fictional,satirical-humannature,theEuropeanGovernment,thedifferencesbetweenreligions,wholeEnglishstatesystem)4.HenryFielding:theFatherofEnglishnovel;TheHistoryofTomeJones,aFoundling《汤姆琼斯》，satiricPoetry：5.ThomasGray:ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard《墓园挽歌》6.AlexanderPope:perfectedinheroiccouplet;AnEssayonCriticism《论责备》7.WilliamBlake:pre-romantic;SongsofInnonce《天真之歌》，SongsofExperience《经验之歌》-London,TheTiger8.RobertBurns:ARedRedRose《一朵红红的玫瑰》Drama:9.RichardBrinsleySheridan:MasterofComedyofmanners;TheSchoolforScandal《造谣学校》浪漫主义时期1798-18321.WilliamWordsworth:theLakePoets;ThePrelude《序曲》；IWonderedLonelyasaCloud《我似流云天自游》；TheSolitaryReaper《孤寂的割麦女》；features:poetofnatureandhumanheart2.SamuelTaylorColeridge:thefirstcriticoftheRomanticschool;TheRimeoftheAncientMariner《古舟子咏》3.GeorgeGordonByron:vigorous,strongandbeautiful;ChildeHarold'sPilgrimage《恰尔德哈罗尔德游记》(spenserianstanza,fightsforliberty);DonJuan《唐璜》(abroadcriticalpictureofEuropeanlife);WhenWeTwoParted《往日依依别》；SheWalksinBeauty《她走在美的光影中》；TheIslesofGreece《哀希腊》4.PercyByssheShelley:OdetotheWestWind《西风颂》-颂扬西风，希望与其亲近相连;PrometheusUnbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》(thevictoryforman'sstruggleagainsttyrannyandoppression)5.JohnKeats:sensuous,colorfulandrichinimagery;OdetoaNightingale《夜莺颂》；OdeonaGrecianUrn《希腊古瓮颂》6.WalterScott:FatherofHistoricalNovel;combinehistoricalfactandromanticimagination7.JaneAusten:wit,dryhumour,subtleirony,realistic;PrideandPrejudice《骄横与成见》(ElizabethandDarcy)；SenseandSensibility《理智与感情》；Emma《爱玛》8.CharlesLamb:PoorRelations《穷亲戚》;Dream-children《童年梦幻》;AReverie《想象曲》维多利亚时期1.summit：realisticnovel2.CharlesDickens:criticalrealistwriter;humour,wit,happyendings;ATaleofTwoCities《双城记》(London&Paris,wherethereisoppression,thereisrevolution);DavidCopperfield《大卫科波菲尔》；OliverTwist《雾都孤儿》；HardTime《困难时世》；GreatExpectations《远大前途》；DombeyandSon《董贝父子》；PickwickPapers《匹克威克外传》3.WilliamMakepeaceThackeray:VanityFair《名利场》(tosatirizethesocialmore,decadenceandcorruptionofhistime;tocriticizethevaluesmeasuredbywealth)4.GeorgeEliot:novelist,hernovelsarecelebratedfortheirrealismandpsychologicalinsights;AdamBede《亚当比德》(socialinequality)；TheMillontheFloss《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》；SilasMarner《织工马南》5.AlfredTennyson:succeededWordsworthasPoetLaureatein1850;Break,Break,Break《拍吧，拍吧，拍吧》；CrossingtheBar《过沙洲》6.RobertBrowning:dramaticmonologues;MyLastDuchess《我已故的公爵夫人》7.TheBronteSisters:Charlotte:JaneEyre《简爱》：简·爱是一个心地贞洁、擅长思虑的女性，她生活在社会基层，受尽劫难。但她有倔强的性格和勇于追求相同幸福的精神。小说以浓烈抒怀的笔法和深刻细腻的心理描绘，令人着迷地展现了男女主人公波折起伏的爱情经历，颂扬了挣脱全部旧风俗和成见。扎根于互相理解、互相尊敬的基础之上的深邃爱情，拥有激烈的震惊心灵的艺术力量。其最为成功之处在于塑造了一个敢于抗争，敢于争取自由和相同地位的妇女形象。Emily:WutheringHeights《吼叫山庄》：描绘吉卜赛弃儿希斯克利夫被山庄老主人收养后，因受辱和恋爱不遂，出门致富，回来后对与其女友凯瑟琳成婚的地主林顿及其儿女进行报复的故事。Anne:AgnesGray《安格尼斯格雷》世纪英国文学1.ThomasHardy:fea