(word完整版)外研版高中英语必修三Module1-Europe基本知识

Allaresilent.所有的人都不做声。(all指代人或物时，是复数)(5)none做主语时，若指代可数名词，谓语用单数和复数均可以；若指代不可数名词，谓语用单数。(6)“halfofpartof,mostof,eightypercentof,onethirdof,therestof+名词/代词”做主语时，谓语根据后面的名词或代词而定。eg.Mostofthepeopleagreewithus.Mostofthemoneyisspentonclothes.(7)单复数同形的名词做主语时，谓语动词要根据主语的意义而定eg.Allmeanshavebeentried.Everymeanshasbeentried.(8)在四则运算中，加 (add/plus)、乘(times/multiply)后面的谓语动词用单、复数均可，减(minus/subtract)、除(divide)后面的谓语动词只能用单数。eg.Threeplusthreemakes/makesix.Thirty-fivedividedbyfiveisseven.(四)谓语与相邻的那个主语一致(就近原则)(1)either...or，neither...nor，notonly...butalso，not...but，or等连接两个并列的主语时，谓语须与靠近的那一个主语一致。eg.EitheryouorIamwrong.Areneitheryounorhefortheplan?(2)在hereis，thereis或其他状语提前的倒装句中，谓语动词的形式也适用邻近原则。eg.Hereisapenandtwopiecesofpaperforyou.5．主谓一致的其他情况(1)在强调结构中，当被强调部分是主语时，从句中的谓语须与被强调词一致。eg.ItisIwhoamtoanswerforhersafety.(2)定语从句中的谓语动词在意义上应与先行词一致。eg.Doyouknowthegirlswhoaresoldiers?【注】：①当先行词为“oneof名词复数”时，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数。eg.Sheisoneofthegirlswhohavepassedtheexam.(先行词为girls)②当先行词为“the(only)oneof名词复数”时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。eg.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswhohaspassedtheexam.“manya/morethan0rle单数可数名词”做主语时谓语用单数。eg.ManyastudenthasjoinedtheLeaguerecently.“thenumberof名词复数”做主语时谓语用单数。译为“…的数量”“anumber。件名词复数”做主语时谓语用复数。译为“大量的”eg.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolislargerthanthatintheirschool.Anumberofpeopleareagainsttheproposal.主谓一致练习：Largequantitiesofwater everydayherewhileitisingreatneedinsomefarawayarea.A.arebeingwastedB.iswastedC.havebeenwastedD.waswastedThewriterandactor invitedtogiveusareportyesterday.A.areB.havebeenC.wasD.wereZhang’sfamily ratherbigandhisfamily fondofmusic.A.is;are B.is;is C.are;is D.are;are ofthelandinthatdistrict coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifths;areC.Twofifth;areD.Twofifths;isThreehours___enoughforustofinishthetask.A.areB.hasC.isD.wereHiscattle veryfat.A.isB.haveC.hasD.areTheaudience largeandtheaudience enjoyingeveryminuteoftheplay.A.are,isB.is,haveC.ishasD.isareWhere myjeans?Ican’tfindthem.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereThesurroundings uglyanddirty.Idon ’tliketolivehere.A.was B.wereC.isD.areThere awatchandchainonthetable.A.haveB.hasC.areD.isSkatingandswimming myfavoritesportswhenIwasyoung.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereAll readyfortheChristmaspartyandall eagertoenjoytheball.A.was,isB.iswereC.is,areD.are,isNotonlyhischildrenbutalsohiswife tovisitthezoo.A.likesB.likeC.haslikedD.havelikedNeitheryou,norI,noranyoneelse willingtodothiswork.A.areB.isC.amD.hasBob,asmuchashisbrothers, responsiblefortheaccident.A.wasB.wereC.hadD.areTom,morethananyoneelse, anxioustogotoChinaagain.A.isB.areC.hasbeingD.havebeingJaneisoneofthebeststudentsinherclasswho bytheirteacher.A．arepraised B．ispraised C．praisedD．praiseMr.Smith,alongwithhisassistants,__ontheprojectalldaytomeetthedeadline.A.workB.workingC.isworkingD.areworkingWhenIcamein,hisfamily watchingTV.A.areB.isC.wereD.wasManyastudent theimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage.A.haverealizedB.hasrealizedC.havebeenrealizedD.hasbeenrealized15Part2ThePassiveVoice被动语态一、被动语态的构成形式：1.被动语态的基本时态变化am/is/are+done过去分词)一般现在时 2)has/havebeendone＜在完成时5)7)5)7)am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时hadbeendone过去完成时shall/willbedone一般将来时6)8)was/weredone一般过去时was/werebeingdone过去进行时should/wouldbedone过去将来时被动语态的特殊结构形式be+过去分词1)be+过去分词eg.Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.有些动词可以有 两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。eg.Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语 ”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。eg.Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4)在使役动词 have,make,let以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。eg.Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词 ”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。eg.ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.3.非谓语动词的被动语态：-ing形式及不定式 todo也有被动语态。eg.Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.如何使用被动语态讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by短语 )。eg.Mybikewasstolenlastnight.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。eg.IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccepttheoffer.为了更好地安排句子。eg.Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.(一个主语就够了)Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型 “吁be+过去分词+that从句”或主语+be+过去分词+todosth.有：1)Itissaidthat…据说…2)Itisreportedthat•据报道…3)Itisbelievedthat••大家相信…4)Itishopedthat大家希望… 5)Itiswellknownthat众所•周知…Itisthoughtthat大家诙为… 7)Itissuggestedthat据建议•…四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义 ,主语通常是物。eg.Thiskindofclothwasheswell.【注】：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：Thedoorwon'tlock．(指门本身有毛病)Thedoorwon'tbelocked．(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因)表示“发生、进行 ”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主动形式表示被动意义。eg.Howdothenewspaperscomeout彷些报纸是如何印出来的呢？系动词没有被动形式 ,但有些表示感受、感官的系动词feel,sound,taste,look,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。eg.Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词(doing)和不定式(todo)的主动形式表被动意义。1．在need，want，require,bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。即needdoing=needtobedoneeg.Thehouseneedsrepairin(gtoberepaired)．这房子需要修理。形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。eg.Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading. (=Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead.)在某些“形容词＋不定式 ”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有 nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。eg.Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(可看作toworkout省略了 forme).4.在too-to•结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。eg.Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.被动语态练习：Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsent D.hadbeensentHervoice sobeautifulthateverybodypresentwasattractedbyhersong.17A.soundedB.wassoundedC.