暨南某大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题（A卷）

2016年全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试试题（A卷）学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语 考试科目代码:211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。I.Vocabulary&Grammar（30%）Directions:Thereare30sentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA9B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.Wheneverpossible,InahowwellshespeaksJapanese.A.showsupB.showsaroundC.showsoffD.showsoutAsthedirectorcan'tcometothereception,Tmrepresentingthecompany.A.onhisaccountB.onhisbehalfC.forhispartD.inhisinterestThepriceofthecoalwillvaryaccordingtohowfarithastobetransportedandhowexpensivethefreightare.A.paymentsB.chargesC.fundsD.pricesTheballtwoorthreetimesbeforerollingdowntheslope.A.swayedB.bouncedC.hoppedD.dartedHehasbeentransferredtotheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenterandiswaitingtosurgery.A.undergoB.unfoldC.underestimateD.undertakeWeholdthesetruthstobeself^:thatallmenarecreatedequal.A.essentialB.eternalC.evidentD.exquisiteThebearclawedthehunterwithinofhislife.A.closeB.reachC.aspaceD.aninchThethirdcandidateisa.She'snewtopoliticsandisjustbeginninghercampaign.A.whiteelephantB.darkhorseC.sleeperD.bighitWegototheSummerPalaceonfoot.A.onpurposeB.onoccasionsC.onbehalfD.ontrialItwascloudythismorning,butitfine.A.turnedonB.turnedoverC.turnedupD.turnedoutInhistofurtherknowledgeoftheuniverse,manhasnowbeguntoexplorespace.A.attemptB.expeditionC.trialD.chaseThebusmovedslowlyinthethickfog.Wearrivedatouralmosttwohourslater.A.designationB.destinyC.destinationD.dignityThenuclearfamilyaself-contained,self^satisfyingunitcomposedoffather,motherandchildren.A.referstoB.definesC.describesD.devotestoSomepollsshowthatroughlytwo-thirdsofthegeneralpublicbelievethatelderlyAmericansarebysocialisolationandloneliness.A.reproachedB.favoredC.plaguedD.reprehendedThePacificislandattractsshoalsoftouristswithitsrichoffolkarts.A.heritageB.heredityC.heroismD.hermitageItisimperativethatstudentstheirtermpapersontime.A.handinginB.handedinC.handinD.wouldhandinAnoldwomanwasbadlyhurtinthepolicedescribeasanapparentlymotivelessattack.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whatever18.onaclearday,farfromthecitycrowds,themountainsgivehimasenseofinfinitepeace.A.IfwalkingB.WhilewalkingC.WalkingD.Whenoneiswalking19.AftertheArabstateswonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellboystogotoschool.A.tobeencouragedB.beenencouragedC.beingencouragedD.beencouragedJoandidn'tgotothepartylastnightbecauseshethebabyforhersisteruntil9:30.A.musthavelookedafter B.wouldhavetolookedafterC.hadtolookafter D.shouldhavelookedafterWearegoingtoLondonnextmonth.ThiswillbethefirsttimeIthere.A.havetraveledB.travelC.willtravelD.amtravelingJohnishardworkingthanhissister,buthefailedintheexam.A.nolessB.nomoreC.notlessD.nosoAmericanseatastheyactuallyneedeveryday.A.twiceasmuchprotein B.twiceproteinasmuchtwiceC.twiceproteinasmuch D.proteinastwicemuchWhowascomingtoseemeinmyofficethisafternoon?A.yousaidB.didyousayC.didyousaythatD.youdidsayShewouldhavebeenmoreagreeableifshehadchangedalittlebit,?A.hadn'tsheB.hasn'tsheC.wouldn'tsheD.didn'tsheyoufurtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.A.If;hadB.Have;hadC.Should;haveD.Incase;hadwewishhimprosperous,wehaveobjectionstohiswaysofobtainingwealth.A.MuchasB.AsmuchC.MoreasD.AswellasAmongthefirsttocomeandliveinNorthAmerica,wholaterprosperedmainlyinNewEngland.A.hadbeenDutchsettlers B.DutchsettlerswerethereC.wereDutchsettlers D.Dutchsettlershadbeenthere29.therewasanepidemicapproaching,Mr.Smiththeinvitationtovisitthatarea.A.Ifheknew;wouldhavedeclined B.Ifhehadknown;woulddeclineC.Hadheknown;woulddecline D.Hadheknown;wouldhavedeclinedInthedarktheycouldnotseeanythingclear,butcould.A.hearsomebodymourn B.hearsomebodymourningC.hearsomebodymourned D.hearsomebodyhadbeenmourningReadingComprehension(40%)Directions:Thispartconsistsoftwosections.InSectionA9therearethreepassagesfollowedbyatotalof15multiple-choicequestions.InSectionB,thereisonepassagefollowedbyatotalof5short-answerquestions.ReadthepassagesandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.SectionAMultiple-ChoiceQuestions(30%)Passage1Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheheadoftheLibraryofCongressistonameDonaldHall,awriterwhosedeceptivelysimplelanguagebuildsonimagesoftheNewEnglandlandscape,asthenation's14thpoetlaureatetoday.Mr.Hall,apoetinthedistinctiveAmericantraditionofRobertFrost,hasalsobeenaharshcriticofthereligiousright'sinfluenceongovernmentartspolicy.AndasamemberoftheadvisorycounciloftheNationalEndowmentfortheArtsduringtheadministrationofGeorgeH.W.Bush,hereferredtothosehethoughtwereinterferingwithartsgrantsas“bulliesandartbashers”.HewillsucceedTedKooser,theNebraskanwhohasbeenthepoetlaureatesince2004.TheannouncementofMr.Hall'sappointmentistobemadebyJamesH.Billington,theLibrarianofCongress.Mr.BillingtonsaidthathechoseMr.Hallbecauseof“thesustainedqualityofhispoetry,thereachandthevarietyofthingshetalksabouf9.LikeMr.Kooser,Mr.Billingtonsaid,"Mr.Hallevokesasenseofplace.Mr.Hall,77,livesinawhiteclapboardfarmhouseinWilmot,N.H.,thathasbeeninhisfamilyforgenerations.Hesaidinatelephoneinterviewthathedidn'tseethepoetlaureateshipasabullypulpit."Butit'sapulpitanyway,“hesaid."IfIseeFirstAmendmentviolations,Iwillspeakup.”Mr.Hallisanextremelyproductivewriterwhohaspublishedabout18booksofpoetry,20booksofproseand12children'sbooks.Hehaswonmanyawards,includinganationalBookCriticsCircleAwardin1989for“TheOneDay”,acollection.Inrecentyearsmuchofhispoetryhasbeenpreoccupiedwiththedeathofhiswife,thepoetJaneKenyon,in1995.RobertPinsky,whowaspoetlaureatefrom1997to2000saidhewelcomedMr.HalPsappointment,especiallyinlightofhispreviousoutspokennessaboutpoliticsandarts."Thereissomethingnicelysymbolic,andmaybesurprising,"Mr.Pinskysaid,“thattheyhaveselectedsomeonewhohastakenastandforfreedom.^^Thepositioncarriesanawardof$35,000and$5,000travelallowance.Itusuallylastsayear,thoughpoetsaresometimesreappointed.DonaldHall.usessimpleEnglishtoexpresstheimagesoftheNewEnglandlandscapedislikestheideaofimpactinggovernmentbytherightsideofthereligionisthe14thpoetlaureateappointedbytheCongressisamemberoftheadvisorycounciloftheNationalEndowmentfortheArts32.JamesH.Billington.likesthepoemswithgreatdepthandwidthspeakshighlyofpoemsinsimpleEnglishratherthancomplexonesprefersthepoemswithsustainedstyleandexpressionlikesthepoemswiththeknowledgeofvariousthingsWhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Mr.Hallhaspublishedmanybooksandmagazinesonpoems.Mr.HallisacriticofliteratureintheU.S.Mr.Hallhasgotmanyprizesforhistalentsinwriting.Mr.Hallhasgotsupportfromhispredecessors.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Mr.Hallloveshiswifeverymuch.Mr.Halltakesthenewappointmentforgranted.Mr.Hallhasgotgreatideasfromhiswife.Mr.Hallmayholdthepositionfbranotheryear.Whatisthebesttitlefbrthepassage?A.AGuardfbrPoliticsandArts B.ANewPoetLaureateC.ARepresentativefbrFreedom D.TheWinningofaPoetPassage2Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaid一thewords.Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemanyideasweassociatewithanygivenmessage.Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthoseassociationsifwelistenfbrmorethanwords.Wedon'talwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.Sometimesourwordsdon'tmeananythingexcept"I'mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon'treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI'msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI'mfeeling.^^Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchaseahousesaystothecurrentowner,"Thisstephastobefixedbeforerilbuy."Theownersays,"It'sbeenlikethatforyears.^^Actually,thestephasn'tbeenlikethatfbryears,buttheunspokenmessageis:"Idon'twanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycan'tyou?”Thesearchfbramoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcanbedevelopedthroughexaminingamessageintermsofwhosaidit,whenitoccurred,therelatedconditionsorsituation,andhowitwassaid.Whenamessageoccurscanalsorevealassociatedmeaning.Letusassumetwocouplesdoexactlythesameamountofkissingandarguing.Butonecouplealwayskissesafteranargumentandtheothercouplealwaysarguesafterakiss.Theorderingofthebehaviorsmaymeanagreatdealmorethanthefrequencyofthebehavior.Afriend^unusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.Forexample,apersonwhosays"No!”toaserialsofchargeslike"You'redumb,““You'relazy,"and"You'redishonest,mayalsosay"No!"andtrytojustifyhisorherresponseifthenextstatementis“Andyou'regoodlooking.,,Wewoulddowelltolistenfbrhowmessagesarepresented.Thewords,“Ifsurehasbeennicetohaveyouover,“canbesaidwithemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.Thephrasecanbesaidonceorrepeatedseveraltimes.Andthemeaningsweassociatewiththephrasewillchangeaccordingly.Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmoreimportance;sometimesthemorewesaysomethingthelessimportanceitassumes.Effectivecommunicationisrenderedpossiblebetweentwoconversingpartners,iftheyuseproperwordstocarrytheirideastheybothspeaktrulyoftheirownfeelingstheytrytounderstandeachother'sideasbeyondwordstheyarecapableofassociatingmeaningwiththeirwords"I'mlettingoffsomesteam^^inparagraph1means.TmjustcallingyourattentionTmjustkiddingTmjustsayingtheoppositeTmjustgivingoffsomesoundThehouse-owner'sexampleshowsthatheactuallymeans.thestephasbeenlikethatforyearshedoesn'tthinkitnecessarytofixthesteptheconditionofthestepisonlyaminorfoultthecostinvolvedinthefixingshouldbesharedSomeresponsesandbehaviorsmayappearveryillogical,butarejustifiableiflinkedtoanabnormalamountofassertivenessseenasone'shabitualpatternofbehaviortakenaspartofanorderingsequenceexpressedtoaseriesofchargesTheword“ritualistically“inthelastparagraphequalssomethingdone.withouttrueintentionlight-heartedlyinawayofceremonywithlessemphasisPassage3Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Cellularslimemoldsareextraordinarylifeformsthatexhibitfeaturesofbothfungiandprotozoa,althoughoftenclassedforconveniencewithfungi.Atonetimetheywereregardedasorganismsofambiguoustaxonomicstatus,butmorerecentanalysisofDNAsequenceshasshownthatslimemoldsshouldberegardedasinhabitingtheirownseparatekingdom.Theiruniquenessliesintheirunusuallifecycle,whichalternatesbetweenafeedingstageinwhichtheorganismisessentiallyunicellularandareproductivestageinwhichtheorganismadoptsamulticellularstructure.Atthefirststagetheyarefree-living,separateamoebae,usuallyinhabitingtheforestfloorandingestingbacteriafoundinrottingwood,dung,ordampsoil.Buttheirfoodsuppliesarerelativelyeasilyexhaustedsincethecells'movementsarerestrictedandtheirfoodrequirementsratherlarge.Whenthecellsbecomestarvedofnutrition,theorganisminitiatesanewgeneticprogramthatpermitsthecellstoeventuallyfindanew,food-richenvironment.Atthispoint,thesingle-celledamoebaecombinetogethertoformwhatwilleventuallybecomeamulticellularcreature.Themechanismbywhichtheindividualmembersbecomeasingleentityisessentiallychemicalinnature.Atfirst,afewoftheamoebaestarttoproduceperiodicchemicalpulsesthataredetected,amplified,andrelayedtothesurroundingmembers,whichthenmovetowardthepulseorigin.Intime,thesecellsformmanystreamsofcells,whichthencometogethertoformasinglehemisphericalmass.Thismassstickstogetherthroughthesecretionofadhesionmolecules.Themassnowdevelopsatip,whichelongatesintoafinger-likestructureofabout1or2millimetersinlength.Thisstructureeventuallyfallsovertoformaminiatureslug,movingasasingleentityorientingitselftowardlight.Duringthisperiodthecellswithinthemassdifferentiateintotwodistinctkindsofcell.Somebecomeprestalkcells,whichlaterformintoaverticalstalk,andothersformpresporecells,whichbecomethesporehead.Astheorganismmigrates,itleavesbehindatrackofslimeratherlikeagardenslug.Onceafavorablelocationhasbeenfoundwithafreshsourceofbacteriatofeedon,themigrationstopsandthecolonymetamorphosesintoafungus-likeorganisminaprocessknownas“culmination."Thefrontcellsturnintoastalk,andthebackcellsclimbupthestalkandformaspherical-shapedhead,knownasthesorocarp.Thisfinalfruitingbodyisabout2millimetersinheight.Theheaddevelopsintospores,whicharedispersedintotheenvironmentandformthenextgenerationofamoebaecells.Thenthelifecycleisrepeated.Usuallythestalkdisappearsoncethesporeshavebeenreleased.Theprocessbywhichtheoriginallyidenticalcellsoftheslimemoldbecometransformedintomulticellularstructurescomposedoftwodifferentcelltypes-sporeandstalk一isofgreatinteresttodevelopmentalbiologistssinceitisanalogoustoanimportantprocessfoundinhigherorganismsinwhichorganswithhighlyspecializedfunctionsareformedfromunspecializedstemcells.Earlyexperimentsshowedwhichpartsoftheslimemoldorganismcontributedtotheeventualstalkandwhichpartstothehead.Scientistsstainedthefrontpartofaslugwithareddyeandattachedittothebackpartofadifferentslug.Thehybridcreaturedevelopedasnormal.Theexperimentersthennotedthatthestalkofthefruitingbodywasstainedredandthatthesporeheadwasunstained.Clearly,theanteriorpartoftheorganismculminatedinthestalkandtheposteriorpartinthesporehead.Nowadays,experimentsusingDNAtechnologyandfluorescentproteinsorenzymestolabelthepresporeandprestalkcellshavebeenundertaken.Thismoremolecularapproachgivesmorepreciseresultsthanusingstainingdyesbuthasessentiallybackeduptheresultsoftheearlierdyestudies.Howtheslimeshouldbeclassifiedusedtobe.A.unknownB.uncertainC.controversialD.unfamiliarAccordingtothepassage,whatisunusualabouttheslimemolds9lifecycle?Theyinhabittheirownkingdom.Theyareorganismswhoseclassificationisambiguous.Theyalternatebetweenunicellularandmulticellularstructures.Theyarefree-livingorganisms.AllofthefollowingsarementionedinthetextasbeingpartsofthemulticellularslugEXCEPT.A.theheadB.thestalkC.legsD.sporesWhydoestheauthorrefertothefungus-likeorganismasafruitingbody?Becauseithasbecomeoneentity.Becauseitis2millimetersinheight.Becauseitnowhasastalkandhead.Becauseithasreacheditsreproductivestage.Accordingtothepassage,therecentDNAstudies.givesimilarresultstothedyestudiescontradictthedyestudiesarelessexactthanthedyestudieshaveintroducedconfusionaboutthedyestudyresultsSectionBShort-AnswerQuestions(10%)Passage4Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage:BarrySchwartzdidnotexpecttofeelinspiredonaclothes-shoppingtrip."Iavoidbuyingjeans;Iwearonepairuntilitfallsapart,MsaysSchwartz,anAmericanpsychologyprofessor."ThelasttimeIhadboughtapairtherehadbeenjustonestyle.ButrecentlyIwasaskedifIwantedthisfitorthatfit,orthiscolororthat.Iintendedtobeoutshoppingforfiveminutesbutittookanhour,andIbegantofeelmoreandmoredissatisfied."Thistripmadehimthink:didmorechoicealwaysmeangreatersatisfaction?"I'dalwaysbelievedthatchoicewasgood,andmorechoicewasbetter.Myexperiencegotmethinking:howmanyothersfeltlikeme?”Theresultwasawidelydiscussedstudythatchallengedtheideathatmoreisalwaysbetter.Drawingonthepsychologyofeconomics,whichlooksathowpeoplechoosewhattobuy,Schwartzdesignedaquestionnairetoshowthedifferencesbetweenwhathetermed'maximisers'andasatisficers,.Broadlyspeaking,maximisersarekeentomakethebestpossiblechoices,andoftenspendtimeresearchingtoensurethattheirpurchasescannotbebettered.Satisficersaretheeasy-goingpeople,delightedwithitemsthataresimplyacceptable.Schwartzputsforwardtheview,whichcontrastswithwhatpoliticiansandsalesmenwouldhavepeoplebelieve,thattheunstoppablegrowthinchoiceisindangerofruininglives."I'mnotsayingnochoiceisgood.Buttheaveragepersonmakesatleast200decisionseveryday,andIdon'tthinkthere'sroomforanymore.^^HisstudymayhelptoexplainthepeculiarparadoxofthewealthyWest-psychologistsandeconomistsarepuzzledbythefactthatpeoplehavenotbecomehappierastheyhavebecomericher.Infact,theabilitytodemandwhateveriswantedwheneveritiswantedhasinsteadledtorisingexpectations.Thesearchforperfectioncanbefoundineveryareaoflifefrombuyingsoappowdertoselectingacareer.Certaindecisionsmayautomaticallycloseoffotherchoices,andsomepeoplearethenupsetbythethoughtofwhatelsemighthavebeen.Schwartzsays,"Ifyoumakeadecisionandit'sdisappointing,don'tworryaboutit,it