话题6-发明物的历史及用途（知识梳理+专题过关） 人教版九年级英语 上学期期中核心考点满分突破 （含答案解析）

话题6-发明物的历史及用途【知识梳理】当前，科技发展日新月异，高新产业更是突飞猛进。现代科技改变了人们的生活，也激发了全民学科学、爱科学、用科学的热情，形成了“大众创业，万众创新”的科学热潮。本单元以“谈论发明物的历史及用途”为话题，涉及科普知识与技术等内容，是学生最感兴趣的话题之一。写作体裁多为说明文，写好这类文章一定要抓住事物的特征、功能和用途。在中考中，说明文一般要按照“总一分”结构或并列结构布局，而且在说明一件事物的时候，应按照一定的顺序：如时间顺序、空间顺序或逻提职序等。课文回顾：1.Whenwasitinvented？它是什么时候发明的【句型剖析】…wasinvented…句意为“某物被发明……”，是被动句式。例如：TheabacuswasinventedinthesixteenthcenturybytheChinese.算盘在十六世纪由中国人发明的。Whowasthelightbulbinventedby？灯泡是由谁发明的？【拓展】被动语态的结构是：主语+bedone（及物动词的过去分词），be是随人称和时态变化而变化的。（1）一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/aredone例如：Theblackboardiscleanedbythestudentseveryclass.黑板每节课都被学生擦干净。（2）一般过去时的被动语态：was/weredone例如：Thecomputerwasinventedlastcentury.电脑是上个世纪被发明的。（3）一般将来时的被动语态：shall/willbedone例如：Anewschoolwillbebuiltinourvillagenextyear.明年一所新的学校将在我们村庄建设。（4）现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/arebeingdone例如：Asportsmeetingisbeingheldinourschoolnow.运动会正在我们学校举行。（5）现在完成时的被动语态：have/hasbeendone例如：AlloftheworkhasbeenfinishedsinceIcamehere.自从我来这里以来，所有的工作都已经完成。（6）含有情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/shouldbedone例如：Yourhomeworkmustbehandedinafterschool.你们的家庭作业必须在放学后交上。（7）复合宾语的被动语态：原来的句子是“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，在变被动语态的时候只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语变为被动语态的主语补足语。主动语态中宾语补足语是省掉to的不定式时，在被动语态中需要还原to。TheyheardhersinganEnglishsongattheparty.他们在晚会上听到她唱了一首英语歌。变为被动语态是：ShewasheardtosinganEnglishsongattheparty.2.Isitreallysuchagreatinvention?它真的是如此了不起的一项发明吗？【句型剖析】such用作形容词，修饰名词。主要用法有：(1)such＋a(an)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that从句。Hegotsuchabadcoldthathecougheddayandnight.他得了如此重的感冒以至于整日整夜咳嗽。(2)such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that从句。Shehasmadesuchgreatprogressthatmanypeoplelikeher.她取得如此大的进步，许多人都喜欢她。(3)such＋adj.＋名词复数＋that从句。Theyaresuchinterestingbooksthatwealllikethem.它们是如此有趣的书，我们都喜欢它们。such(a/an)+adj.+n.意为＂如此……的(一个)……＂。Whydoyoubuysuchexpensiveclothes?3.Forexample,itmentionedthatzipperwasinventedbyWhitcombJudsonin1893.例如,它提到拉链是1893年由惠特科姆·贾德森发明的。【句型剖析】mention作及物动词,意为“提到;说到”,后面可接名词、代词、动名词或that从句作宾语。mention+that从句用法mentionsb./sth.(tosb.)(向某人)提起某人/某事mentiondoingsth.提到做某事HementionedthatthefoodwasinventedbyaChinese.他提到这种食物是由一个中国人发明的。Nobodymentionedittome.没人向我提过这事。WheneverImentionhavingdinnertogether,hesayshe'stoobusy.无论何时我提起一块儿吃饭,他都说太忙。【拓展】“Don'tmentionit.”常用于口语中,多用作回复他人道谢或道歉时的答语,意为“不用谢;没关系”—Thankyouverymuch.多谢你了。—Don'tmentionit.不客气。—I'msorrytohavetroubledyou.抱歉打扰你了。—Don'tmentionit.没关系。4.Butatthattime,itwasn’tusedwidely.但在当时，它并没有被广泛使用。【句型剖析】sth.beused…是被动语态句式，表示“某物被使用……”。常用如下搭配：（1）beusedfor意思是“被用来做某事”，for是介词，它的后面用名词或者动名词作宾语。例如：Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.刀是用来割东西的。（2）beusedas意思是“被作为……使用”，as是介词，意思是“作为”。它强调被当作工具或者手段来使用。例如：Ourclassroomisusedasareading-room.我们的教室被用来当阅览室使用。（3）beusedby意思是“被……使用”，by后面跟人或者物，表示强调动作的使用者。Thisradioisoftenusedbymymother.这台收音机经常被我的妈妈使用。（4）beusedtodosomething意思是“被用来做某事”，和beusedfordoing是同义词短语。ItisusedforlearningEnglish.＝ItisusedtolearnEnglish.它是被用来学习英语的。5.ItissaidthataChineserulercalledShenNongwasthefirsttodiscoverteaasadrink.据说,有一位叫作神农的中国统治者最早发现茶可以饮用。【句型剖析】Itissaidthat…是一个固定搭配的句型，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。它的思是“据说……”。例如：ItissaidthatMaryisveryhappyinLondon.（主语从句）=TheysaythatMaryisveryhappyinLondon.（宾语从句）据说玛丽在伦敦是非常幸福的。【拓展】另外类似的句型有：Itisbelieved…（人们相信），Itisreportedthat…（据报道），Itissupposedthat…（据猜测）Itisknownthat...众所周知。例如：ItisbelievedthatonDecember21st,1981,thefirstbasketballgameinhistorywasplayed.人们相信历史上首次篮球比赛是在1891年12月21日举行的。Itissupposedthatthereisnolifeonthemoon.据推测月球上是没有生命的。Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.据报道又有一颗卫星上天了。6.Itproducedanicesmellsohetastedthebrownwater.它散发出一股香味,因此他尝了一下这棕色的水。【句型剖析】smell(1)作名词,意为“气味”,常与of连用,表示“的气味”。There'sadelicioussmellcomingfromthekitchen.厨房里传来一阵香味。Theairwasfilledwiththesmellofflowers.空气中弥漫着花香。(2)作动词时有两种用法:表示“发出的气味”时,smell是连系动词,表示“闻到”时,smell是及物动词,不用于进行时。Thefishsmellsdelicious.鱼闻起来很香。Canyousmellsomething?你闻到什么气味了吗?【归纳】feel,look,sound,smell,taste这五个动词均可作连系动词，后面接形容词作表语,说明主语所处的状态,其意思分别为“感觉”,“看”,“听”,“闻”,“尝起来”。I'mfeelingterrible.我感到难受极了。Thesouptastesdelicious.这汤味道不错。Theseflowerssmellverysweet.这些花闻起来很香。7.InEngland,teadidn’tappearuntilaround1660,but…在英国，茶直到1660年左右才出现，但…【句型剖析】until意为“直到……”，有下列用法：（1）作介词，后接时间名词，在句中作时间状语。作连词，后接从句，引导时间状语从句。例如：Shestayedthereuntil9o’clock.她一直等到9点钟。Wewaiteduntiltherainstopped.我们等到雨停了。(2)until用在肯定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如：stand/wait/stay等，表示主句动作的终止时间。(3)until可用于否定句中，即not…until…意为“直到……才”，常与非延续性动词连用。如：open/start/leave/arrive等，强调主句动作开始的时间。例如：Thechilddidn’tgotobeduntilhisfathercameback.直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。8.Eventhoughmanypeoplenowknowaboutteaculture,theChinesearewithoutdoubttheoneswhobestunderstandthenatureoftea.即使现在许多人知道茶文化,但中国人无疑是最懂茶之本质的人。【句型剖析】doubt在本句中作名词,意为“疑惑;疑问”。短语withoutdoubt毫无疑问;的确Ihadmydoubtswhenshestarted,butshe'sgettingreallygood.她刚开始做时我心存疑虑,但她真的做得很好。Withoutdoubt,factoryfarmingisbadnews.毫无疑问，工厂化的农场经营管理是坏消息。【拓展】doubt还可作动词,意为“怀疑”,后常接名词、代词或that/if/whether引导的从句作宾语。Theydoubtthetruthofit.(接名词)他们怀疑此事的真实性。Wedon'tdoubtthatyouareright.(接that从句)我们不怀疑你是对的。Idoubtif/whetherhewillcomeearlierthistime.(接if/whether从句)我怀疑这次他是否会早一点儿来。9.Georgewantedtomakethecustomerhappy.乔治想让那位顾客满意。【句型剖析】本句中“makethecustomerhappy”是“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语补足语由形容词充当。除形容词外,介词短语、名词、不带to的不定式、分词都可作宾语补足语。Readingbooksmakesusclever.读书使我们聪明。Thebossmakestheworkersworktenhoursaday.老板让工人们每天工作10个小时。10.Thenin1936inBerlin,itbecameaneventattheOlympics.1936年在柏林，它成为奥运会的一个项目。【句型剖析】theOlympics奥林匹克运动会与theOlympicGames同义，作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。11.Dr.Naismithdividedthemeninhisclassintotwoteamsandtaughtthemtoplayhisnewgame.奈史密斯博士把班上的人分成两队，教他们玩他的新游戏。【句型剖析】o把……分开其被动结构为bedividedinto，意为＂被分为……＂。Let’sdivideourselvesintoseveralgroups.让我们分成几个小组吧。divide及物动词，意为＂分开；分散＂，指把整体分成若干部分。Hedividedthecakeamongthechildren.他把这个蛋糕分给了孩子们。12.Atthesametime,theyneedtostopthecompetingteamfromgettingtheballintotheirownbasket.同时，他们需要阻止对手将球打进自己的篮筐【句型剖析】stop...from...阻止……做某事stopsb.fromdoingsth.相当于preventsb.fromdoingsth.，在主动语态中，两者中的from均可省略，但在被动语态中不可省略。Noonecanstopus(from)carryingouttheplan.没有人能阻止我们实施这个计划。Thewatermustbepreventedfrompollutingbyus.我们必须阻止水被污染。13.Basketballhasnotonlybecomeapopularsporttoplay,butithasalsobecomeapopularsporttowatch.篮球不仅已成为一项受欢迎的运动，而且也已成为一种受欢迎的观看运动。【句型剖析】notonly...butalso...不但……而且……以notonly...but(also)...连接的句子，当notonly置于句首时往往引起部分倒装。NotonlycanIdoitbut(also)Icandoitbest.我不仅能做到而且我能做得最好。notonly...butalso...应连接两个对称的并列成分，连接两个主语时谓语动词要采用就近原则。NotonlyMr.Linbutalsohissonlovesthemovie.不但林先生而且他的儿子也喜欢这部电影。【拓展】常见的就近原则的结构有：(1)neither...nor...既不……也不……(两者都不)NeitheryounorIlikehim.我和你都不喜欢他。(2)either...or...不是……就是……(两者中的一个)EitheryouorLilyisastudent.不是你就是莉莉是学生。(3)therebe结构Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.书桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。14.Manyyoungpeoplelookuptothesebasketballheroesandwanttobecomelikethem.许多年轻人仰慕这些篮球英雄，并想成为他们一样的人。【句型剖析】lookupto钦佩；仰慕IlookeduptoThomasEdisonwhenIwasachild.当我是个孩子的时候我很钦佩托马斯·爱迪生。其反义短语是lookdownon看不起，鄙视。【拓展】look的常用短语：lookup向上看；查阅(词典)lookdown向下看lookafter照看；照顾 lookaround环顾四周lookfor寻找 lookforwardto盼望【句型剖析】hero/’hɪərəʊ/n.英雄Itisbelievedthatallastronautsarerealheroes.人们认为所有的宇航员都是真正的英雄。hero的复数形式是在其后加-es构成的。巧记以o结尾加-es变复数的名词：黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿(tomato)炒土豆(potato)。15.Thesestarsencourageyoungpeopletoworkhardtoachievetheirdreams.这些明星鼓励年轻人努力实现梦想。【句型剖析】encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事Theteacheroftenencouragesustostudyhard.老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。【拓展】encouragesb.insth.意为＂在……方面助长某人的某种行为/鼓励某人＂。Don’tencouragehiminlaziness.别助长他的懒惰行为。【专题过关】评卷人得分一、补全对话7选5根据对话情景选择合适的选项补全对话。有两项多余。A:Whatareyoumaking,Tom?B:I’mmakingamodelrocketA:Hownice!____1____B:Ofcourse.____2____A:Couldyoutellmesomethingaboutrockets?B:Sure.Rocketsareusedforsendingsatellitesintospace.A:____3____B:Yes.Andwecanalsolearnmuchaboutotherplanets.A:____4____B:That’sright,includingitsspeedanddirection.A:____5____B:Ihopeyourdreamwillcometrue.A．Itwillbecontrolledbythistinymachine.B．Areyousurethatitcanflyinthesky?C．IwishIcouldtraveltospaceinthefuture.D．Spaceshipsareusedforsendingastronauts.E．Theywillbecontrolledbycomputers.F．IhopeIcanmakeaspaceshipaswell.G．Willsatellitesbeusedtoexploreotherplanets?【答案】1．B

2．A

3．G

4．E

5．C【导语】本文主要是一段对话，关于两个人讨论制造火箭模型及其功能、用处等；并且A描述了自己的梦想，B希望其梦想成真。1．根据前文“I’mmakingamodelrocket.”和答语“Ofcourse.”可知，此处对火箭模型提问，且答语“当然了”表示肯定，选项B“你确定它能在天上飞吗？”符合语境。故选B。2．根据前句“Ofcourse.Areyousurethatitcanflyinthesky?”可知，此处描述内容与火箭模型起飞相关，选项A“它将由这台微型机器控制。”符合语境。故选A。3．根据前句“Rocketsareusedforsendingsatellitesintospace.”可知，此处描述火箭是用来把卫星送入太空的；再根据后句“Andwecanalsolearnmuchaboutotherplanets.”可知，我们也可以了解其他行星。所以此处内容与卫星和行星相关，选项G“卫星会被用来探索其他行星吗？”符合语境。故选G。4．根据答语“That’sright,includingitsspeedanddirection.”可知，空处应是和火箭模型的速度、方向相关的内容，选项E“它们将由计算机控制。”符合语境。故选E。5．根据答语“Ihopeyourdreamwillcometrue.”可知，B说希望梦想成真，所以此处应描述梦想，选项C“我希望我将来能去太空旅行。”符合语境。故选C。评卷人得分二、完形填空Ifinditreallyhardtowriteaboutmyfavouriteinvention,becausetherearesomanythingsinmylifethatIcouldchoose.___6___,Ihavechosentowriteaboutapen.Yes,Iknowthattomostpeopleapenisboring,butto___7___,itisasymbolofpossibility.Therearesomanythingsyoucandowithapen.You___8___writeanovelorasong,recordinformationordrawamasterpiece(杰作).Forme,a___9___isthebeginningofsomethingamazing.Everyday,Iwriteanewpagewithmypen,andIam___10___paving(铺设)apathformyfuture.IcangetintoStanfordUniversityformedicine,___11___theJuilliardSchoolformusic.MaybeIwillbea(n)___12___andchangetheworldwithmydiscoveries.MaybeI’ll___13___amusicianandtouchpeople’sheartswithmymusic.OrperhapsIwillbeawriterandmovepeoplethroughwords...ora___14___andhelpchildrengrowintothepeopletheywillbecome.TherearesomanypossibilitiesastowhatIwilldowithmylife,butI____15____thatwithmypeninmyhand,Iwillwriteagoodfutureformyself.Tellmewhatfutureyouwillwriteforyourself!6．A．Also B．Instead C．Often D．However7．A．him B．her C．me D．others8．A．must B．should C．need D．can9．A．novel B．pen C．song D．job10．A．finally B．hardly C．slowly D．nearly11．A．or B．so C．but D．and12．A．artist B．pilot C．doctor D．scientist13．A．meet B．become C．want D．choose14．A．teacher B．worker C．guide D．coach15．A．say B．know C．find D．realise【答案】6．D

7．C

8．D

9．B

10．C

11．A

12．D

13．B

14．A

15．B【导语】本文主要介绍了作者最喜欢的一个发明——笔。作者通过每天用笔写作，畅想自己的未来生活。作者将通过笔来书写一个美好的未来。6．句意：但是我选择写一支笔。Also也；Instead相反；Often经常；However但是。根据“therearesomanythingsinmylifethatIcouldchoose”可知有许多的备选选择，但是作者选择了笔，前后是转折关系。故选D。7．句意：但对我来说，它是可能性的象征。him他；her她；me我；others其他人。根据上文“tomostpeopleapenisboring”可知此处是要引出“对我来说”。故选C。8．句意：你可以写小说或一首歌，记录信息或画一幅杰作。must必须；should应该；need需要；can可以。根据“Therearesomanythingsyoucandowithapen”可知此处是要列举用笔可以做的事情。故选D。9．句意：对我来说，一支笔是神奇的开始。novel小说；pen笔；song歌曲；job工作。根据“Everyday,Iwriteanewpagewithmypen”可知本段是以笔为起始，书写未来不同的可能性。故选B。10．句意：我正在慢慢铺设我的未来道路。finally最后；hardly几乎不；slowly慢慢地；nearly几乎。根据“Everyday,Iwriteanewpagewithmypen”可知作者是每天都写一写，推测作者铺设未来是一步一步，慢慢来的过程，还未到最后。故选C。11．句意：我可以进斯坦福大学学医，或者进茱莉亚学院学音乐。or或者；so所以；but但是；and和。分析空格前后内容可知，“StanfordUniversityformedicine”和“theJuilliardSchoolformusic”是选择关系。故选A。12．句意：或许我将成为一名科学家，用我的发现改变世界。artist艺术家；pilot飞行员；doctor医生；scientist科学家。根据“changetheworldwithmydiscoveries”可知，靠发现改变世界的应该是科学家。故选D。13．句意：或许我将成为一名音乐家，用音乐抚慰人们的心灵。meet遇见；become成为；want想要；choose选择。根据下文“OrperhapsIwillbeawriter”可知此处也是表达“也许我将成为……”，选项B符合语境。故选B。14．句意：或者一名教师，帮助孩子们成长为他们将成为的人。teacher教师；worker工人；guide导游；coach教练。根据“andhelpchildrengrowintothepeopletheywillbecome”可推测应该是教书育人的教师。故选A。15．句意：但是我知道，手里拿着笔，我会为自己书写一个美好的未来。say说；know知道；find发现；realise意识到。根据“TherearesomanypossibilitiesastowhatIwilldowithmylife”可知虽然我的未来会有很多种可能，但是我清楚地知道，手里握着笔就能书写美好的未来。故选B。评卷人得分三、阅读单选Tous,itseemssonaturaltoputupanumbrellatokeepthewateroffwhenitrains.Butinfacttheumbrellawasnotinventedasprotectionagainsttherain.Itsfirstusewasasasunshade(遮阳伞).Nobodyknowswhofirstinventedit,buttheumbrellawasusedinveryancienttimes.ProbablytheChinesewerethefirsttouseit,backinthe11thcenturyBC．WeknowthattheumbrellawasusedinancientEgyptandBabylonasasunshade.Andtherewasastrangethingthatconnectedwithitsuse:itwasasymbolofhonorandpower.IntheFarEastinancienttimes,theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybythoseintheupperclassorbyroyalpeoplesuchaskingsorqueens.InEurope,theGreekswerethefirsttousetheumbrellaasasunshade.TheumbrellawasincommonuseinancientGreece,butitisbelievedthatthefirstpeopleinEuropetousetheumbrellaasprotectionagainsttherainweretheancientRomans.DuringtheMiddleAgesinEurope,theuseoftheumbrellaalmostdisappeared.ThenitappearedagaininItalyinthelate16thcentury.Andagainitbecameasymbolofpower.Theumbrellahasnotchangedmuchinstyleduringallthetime,thoughithasbecomemuchlighterinweight.Itwasn’tuntilthe20thcenturythattheumbrellasforwomenbegantobemadeinallkindsofcolors.16．Ancientpeoplefirstusedumbrellasas________.A．asymbolofhonor B．protectionagainstthesunC．asymbolofpower D．protectionagainsttherain17．Accordingtothepassage,theumbrellawasprobablyfirstusedinancient________.A．Egypt B．Babylon C．Rome D．China18．Theunderlinedword“royal”mightmean“________”inChinese.A．王室的 B．富裕的 C．中产的 D．平民的19．Thispassageismainlyabout________.A．thesalesoftheumbrella B．thedifferencesamongumbrellasC．theinventionoftheumbrella D．thehistoryanduseoftheumbrella【答案】16．B

17．D

18．A

19．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了雨伞的发明史及用途。16．细节理解题。根据“Butinfacttheumbrellawasnotinventedasprotectionagainsttherain.Itsfirstusewasasasunshade(遮阳伞).”可知，古代人们首次使用伞是为了遮挡太阳。故选B。17．细节理解题。根据“Nobodyknowswhofirstinventedit,buttheumbrellawasusedinveryancienttimes.ProbablytheChinesewerethefirsttouseit,backinthe11thcenturyBC.”可知，古代中国可能是最早使用伞的。故选D。18．词句猜测题。根据“suchaskingsorqueens.”可知，国王、王后属于王室成员。所以royal的意思是“王室的”，故选A。19．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了雨伞的发明史及用途，故选D。Paperisoneofthemostimportantproductseverinventedbyman.Theinventionofpapermeantthatmorepeoplecouldbeeducatedbecausemorebookscouldbeprinted.Paperprovidedanimportantwaytospreadinformation.AccordingtoChinesewrittenhistoricalrecords,paperwasmadeinaboutAD105byCaiLun,anofficialduringtheHanDynasty.Hetooktheinnerbarkofatreeandbamboo,mixedthemwithwater,andpoundedthemwithawoodentool.Hethenputthismixtureontoapieceofclothandletthewaterthrough,leavingonlythefibers（纤维）onthecloth.Afteritdried,CaiLundiscoveredthathehadcreatedagoodwritingthing—paper.Itwaseasytomakeandtake.ChinesepapermakingwasintroducedtoKoreaandVietnamandlatertoJapanatthebeginningofthe3rdcentury.ItwasavaluedexportinSilkRoadtrading,butthepapermakingprocesswaskeptsecret.DuringtheTangDynastyandtheSongDynasty,differentkindsofpaperweredevelopedincludingbamboopaperandxuanpaper.Bytheendofthe7thcentury,thepapermakingprocessreachedIndia,Nepal,Pakistan,andBangladesh.InaboutAD751afteranimportantbattle,thesecretofpapermakingwasgottenfromtwoChineseprisoners（囚犯）caughtbytheenemies.TheinventionwasthenspreadtoEurope.Aftermanyyears,theinventionhadbeenspreadallovertheworldandpeoplethoughtitwasoneofthemostimportantinventions.Today,bothpaperandpapermoneyareusedinallcorners.20．Morepeoplegotthechancetobe________aftertheinventionofpaper.A．introduced B．provided C．educated D．treated21．Theunderlinedword“pounded”inthesecondparagraphmightmean“________”inChinese.A．按压 B．晾晒 C．覆盖 D．捣碎22．Othercountriesdidn’tknow________beforeChinesepapermakingwasintroducedtothem.A．thepapermakingprocess B．thevaluedexportC．thexuanpaper D．theSilkRoadtrading23．FromParagraph5,wecanlearnthat________.A．thetwoChineseprisonerswerekilledbyEuropeansB．themethodsofpapermakinghadbeenspreadallovertheworldC．themethodsofpapermakingwerespreadonlyinAsiaD．theChinesedidn’tofferthemethodsofmakingpapertoEuropeans24．What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Theinventionandspreadofpaper. B．Thematerialsusedtomakepaper.C．ThefamousancientinventorCaiLun. D．Differentkindsofpaper.【答案】20．C

21．D

22．A

23．B

24．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了纸的发明和传播过程。20．细节理解题。根据“Theinventionofpapermeantthatmorepeoplecouldbeeducatedbecausemorebookscouldbeprinted.”可知，纸的发明意味着更多的人可以接受教育，故选C。21．词义猜测题。根据下文“Hethenputthismixtureontoapieceofclothandletthewaterthrough,leavingonlythefibers（纤维）onthecloth.”可知，他把混合物放在布上，所以前面指的是他把树的内皮和竹子与水混合并且捣碎成混合物。故选D。22．细节理解题。根据“ItwasavaluedexportinSilkRoadtrading,butthepapermakingprocesswaskeptsecret.”可知，纸的制作过程是被保密的，所以其他国家不知道。故选A。23．细节理解题。根据“Bytheendofthe7thcentury,thepapermakingprocessreachedIndia,Nepal,Pakistan,andBangladesh.”和“TheinventionwasthenspreadtoEurope.”可知，纸的制作过程传向了全世界。故选B。24．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了纸的发明和传播过程。选项A“纸的发明和传播”符合题意，故选A。评卷人得分四、多任务混合阅读任务型阅读Youmaythinkthatinventionsarefarawayfromyoureverydaylife.Butinfactalmosteveryonecaninvent.It’sjustthattheydonotrecognizethattheirideascouldbethestartofaninvention.Onceinventorsseetheirideashavesomepracticalvaluetheydon’tletthemslipaway.Forexample,theinventorofthedishwasherAmericanJosephineCochranelovedtogivedinnerparties.Butshefoundittooklongtowashherdishesbyhandandtoomanyofthembroke.Shedecidedthatamachinecoulddothejobfasterandwithfewermistakes.Soin1886shesetouttomakeoneforherself.Cochrane’smostwonderfulinventionsarecreatedtosolvetheproblem.Sothefirstandmostimportantstepistofindtheproblem.Youcanstartbylookingatwhatiswrongwiththethingsyouareusingnow.Youcanaskgrandparentsorneighborsiftheyremembereversaying:“Iwishsomeonewouldinventsomethingfor...”Oryoucanlookatpeopleindifferentareas—suchasonthestreetoratschool.Thenyoumightnoticesituationsorthingsinneedofimprovement.Remembertorecordyourideasandwork.Thiswillhelpyoudevelopyourinventionandprotect(保护)itwhenitiscompleted.Thenextstepistothinkaboutpossiblesolutions.Aninventionisanewwayofsolvingaproblem.Sothinkofmanyvaried(各种各样的)andunusualways.Youcanoftencomeupwithasolutiontoaproblembylookingatitfromadifferentangle(角度)orthinkingaboutitinanewway.Andthehardestpartofinventingevenforalotofinventorsisfindingaproblemandcomingupwithasolution.Onceyouhaveanideayoucanalwaysgethelptobuildyourinvention.Thisproblem-solvingtechniquecanalsoworkinyoureverydaylives.Sowhynottryitinyourstudies,inyourrelationshipwithothersoreveninthewayyoulookattheworld?25．完成句子。JosephineCochranefoundittooklongtowashherdishes_________________.26．用英语表达文中画线单词one所指代的内容：____________________________________27．找出并写下第四段的主题句。__________________________________________________________________28．Whatisthehardestpartofinventing?__________________________________________________________________29．将文中画线句子翻译成汉语。__________________________________________________________________【答案】25．byhand

26．Adishwasher/Amachine.

27．Sothefirstandmostimportantstepistofindtheproblem.

28．Itisfindingaproblemandcomingupwithasolution.

29．从一个不同的角度看问题或用一种新的方式考虑问题，你通常就可以想出它的解决方案。【导语】本文介绍了人人都有可能发明东西，并且介绍了发明的步骤，其中最难的部分是想出问题，然后找到解决方法。25．根据“Butshefoundittooklongtowashherdishesbyhandandtoomanyofthembroke.”可知JosephineCochrane认为用手洗碗花费的时间太长，故填byhand。26．根据“Forexample,theinventorofthedishwasherAmericanJosephineCochranelovedtogivedinnerparties....Shedecidedthatamachinecoulddothejobfasterandwithfewermistakes.Soin1886shesetouttomakeoneforherself.”可知她认为机器可以更快地完成这项工作，而且错误更少。所以在1886年，她开始为自己做一个。故此处one代指的是洗碗机，故填Adishwasher/Amachine.27．根据“Cochrane’smostwonderfulinventionsarecreatedtosolvetheproblem.Sothefirstandmostimportantstepistofindtheproblem.”可知第四段的主题句是“Sothefirstandmostimportantstepistofindtheproblem.”，讲第一步及最重要的一部要做什么。故填Sothefirstandmostimportantstepistofindtheproblem.28．根据“Andthehardestpartofinventingevenforalotofinventorsisfindingaproblemandcomingupwithasolution.”可知发明最困难的部分是想出问题，然后找到解决方法。故填Itisfindingaproblemandcomingupwithasolution.29．comeupwith“想出”，asolutiontoaproblem“一个问题的解决方案”。bydoingsth“通过做某事”，lookat“看”；fromadifferentside“从不同的角度”，故填“从一个不同的角度看问题或用一种新的方式考虑问题，你通常就可以想出它的解决方案。”评卷人得分五、短文语境提示填空根据课文内容填空。Doyoulikesports?Doyoulovebasketball?Basketballisoneofthemostpopularsportsaroundtheworld.Peopleplaybasketballforfunand____30____.Itis____31____thatthefirstbasketballgameinhistorywasplayedonDecember21,1891.Anditbecameaneventatthe____32____in1936inBerlin.A____33____doctornamedJamesNaismithinventedbasketball.He____34____thegamewhenhewasacollegeteacher.He____35____themeninhisclassintotwoteamsandtaughtthemhowtoplaythenewgame.Playersonthesameteammustwork____36____togettheballintheotherteam’s____37____andstopthecompetingteamfromgettingscores.Today,thepopularityofbasketballhasrisenaroundtheworld.Peoplenot____38____playthesport,butalsowatchit.Manyyoungpeopledreamofbecomingfamousplayers.Intheirhearts,thesefamousplayersare____39____.____40____America’sNBAgamesarethemostfamous,theCBAgamesarebecomingmorepopularinChina.The____41____offoreignplayers,includingChineseplayers,intheNBAhas____42____.Manyyoungpeoplelook____43____tothosebasketballstars.Thisencouragesyoungpeopletoworkhardto____44____theirdreams.【答案】30．exercise

31．believed

32．Olympics

33．Canadian

34．created

35．divided

36．together

37．basket

38．only

39．heroes

40．Although##Though

41．number

42．increased

43．up

44．achieve【导语】本文主要讲述篮球的发明以及发展史，并讲述如今篮球越来越受欢迎。许多人崇拜篮球明星，这个鼓励他们努力工作和学习来实现他们的梦想。30．句意：人们为了娱乐和运动而打篮球。根据空前介词“for”可知，空处用名词。exercise“锻炼”，不可数名词，故填exercise。31．句意：人们相信历史上第一次篮球赛是在1891年12月21日举办的。根据空前“is”可知，空处用过去分词；itisbelievedthat“人们相信”，故填believed。32．句意：它成为1936年柏林奥运会的一项比赛项目。根据空前“the”可知，空处用名词形式，且根据“in1936inBerlin”可知，表示“柏林奥运会”，Olympics“奥运会”，故填Olympics。33．句意：一位名叫詹姆斯奈史密斯的加拿大博士发明了篮球。根据空后名词“doctor”可知，空处用形容词作定语，Canadian“加拿大的”，故填Canadian。34．句意：当他是一个大学老师时，他创建了一个比赛。根据“whenhewasacollegeteacher”可知，用一般过去时，根据“thegame”可