专四-完形填空真题汇总

完形填空汇总讲解Aclozetest(alsoclozedeletiontest)isanexercise,test,orassessmentconsistingofaportionoftextwithcertainwordsremoved,wheretheparticipantisaskedtoreplacethemissingwords.Clozetestsrequiretheabilitytounderstandcontextandvocabularyinordertoidentifythecorrectwordsortypeofwordsthatbelonginthedeletedpassagesofatext.Thisexerciseiscommonlyadministeredfortheassessmentofnativeandsecondlanguagelearningandinstruction.ThewordclozederivesfromclosureinGestalttheory.TheexercisewasfirstdescribedbyW.L.Taylorin1953.TaskDesignWordsmaybedeletedfromthetextinquestioneithermechanically(everynthword)orselectively,dependingonexactlywhataspectitisintendedtotestfor.Themethodologyisthesubjectofanextensiveacademicliterature;nonetheless,teacherscommonlydeviseadhoc特设的tests.ExampleAlanguageteachermaygivethefollowingpassagetostudents:Today,Iwenttotheandboughtsomemilkandeggs.Iknewitwasgoingtorain,butIforgottotakemy,andendedupgettingwetontheway.Studentswouldthenberequiredtofillintheblankswithwordsthatwouldbestcompletethepassage.Contextinlanguageandcontenttermsisessentialinmost,ifnotall,clozetests.Thefirstblankisprecededby“the”；therefore,anoun,anadjectiveoranadverbmustfollow.However,aconjunctionfollowstheblank;thesentencewouldnotbegrammaticallycorrectifanythingotherthananounwereintheblank.Thewords"milkandeggs"isimportantfordecidingwhichnountoputintheblank;"supermarket"isapossibleanswer;dependingonthestudent,however,thefirstblankcouldeitherbestore,supermarket,shopormarketwhileumbrellaorraincoatfitsthesecond.Andhomeforthethirdblank.AssessmentThedefinitionofsuccessinagivenclozetestvaries,dependingonthebroadergoalsbehindtheexercise.Assessmentmaydependonwhethertheexerciseisobjective(i.e.studentsaregivenalistofwordstouseinacloze)orsubjective(i.e.studentsaretofillinaclozewithwordsthatwouldmakeagivensentencegrammaticallycorrect).Isawamanlayhisjacketonapuddleforawomancrossingthestreet.IthoughtthatwasveryGiventheabovepassage,students*answersmaythenvarydependingontheirvocabularyskillsandtheirpersonalopinions.However,theplacementoftheblankattheendofthesentencerestrictsthepossiblewordsthatmaycompletethesentence;followinganadverbandfinishingthesentence,thewordismostlikelyanadjective.Romantic,chivalrousorgallant献殷勤的may,forexample,occupytheblank,aswellasfoolishorcheesy拙劣的.Usingthoseanswers,ateachermayaskstudentstoreflectontheopinionsdrawnfromthegivencloze.六大线索完形填空的每一个空格都不是孤立存在的，它是整个篇章的一部分，与上下文有着明显或微妙的关系，因此在选择时就要考虑到各选项与上下文的联系。通常这种联系或关系为考生做出正确选择提供了各种线索，比如语义逻辑、语法框架、词汇搭配及词义的应用和概念，还有些是非语言性的知识等。.语义线索：在完形填空中，某些项的选择可以根据“语义”来决定，既已有的词或句子的语义决定着必须选择某个选项，否则整个文章的语义逻辑就不通，内容就与作者的原意不一致。.语法线索：指所填入的词与上下文可能发生的语法方面的联系。.词汇线索：有些完形填空要填入的词与上下文其他词有各种联系，文中的词往往在词义上或搭配上决定了应填入的词。.概念线索：在完形填空题的上下文中，有时会出现一些词与空格内需要填的词同指一个人或事物，甚至可以在上下文中找到应填的同一个词。.语篇线索：有时完形填空的各选项同为表示一定逻辑关系或承接关系的词或词组。选项同为单词时首先看四个选项是否词性相同。若连词、副词混杂，先分析原句成分是否完整，可参考标点符号或其他连词的存在。确定所需词性后，再判断逻辑题在原文中所涉及的范围。有时只是几个词之间的关系。常出现在完形填空部分的逻辑关系表示方式有连词、副词、语气词及插入语、词组（介词词组）等。.超语言线索：在完形填空考题中，有时不是利用以上几种线索便可以决定选项，这时往往要根据自己对试题内容的有关背景知识的了解来决定填入的选项。2009年研究生入学考试Historically,humansgetseriousaboutavoidingdisastersonlyafteronehasjuststruckthem.thatlogic,2006shouldhavebeenabreakthroughyearforrationalbehavior.Withthememoryof9/11still63intheirminds,AmericanswatchedhurricaneKatrina,themostexpensivedisasterinU.S.history,on64TV.Anyonewhodidn'tknowitbeforeshouldhavelearnedthatbadthingscanhappen.Andtheyaremade65worsebyourwillfulblindnesstoriskasmuchasour66toworktogetherbeforeeverythinggoestohell.Granted,someamountofdelusion（错觉）isprobablypartofthe67condition.InA.D.63,Pompeiiwasseriouslydamagedbyanearthquake,andthelocalsimmediatelywenttowork,inthesamespot一untiltheywereburiedaltogetherbyavolcanoeruption16yearslater.Buta69ofthepastyearindisasterhistorysuggeststhatmodernAmericansareparticularlybadat70themselvesfromguaranteedthreats.Weknowmorethanwe71didaboutthedangersweface.Butitturns72thatintimesofcrisis,ourgreatestenemyis73thestorm,thequakeorthe74itself.Moreoften,itisourselves.Sowhathashappenedintheyearthat75thedisasterontheGulfCoast?InNewOrleans,theArmyCorpsofEngineershasworkeddayandnighttorebuildthefloodwalls.Theyhavegotthewallsto76theywerebeforeKatrina,moreorless.That'snot77,wecannowsaywithconfidence.Butitmaybeall78canbeexpectedfromoneyearofhustle(忙碌).Meanwhile,NewOrleansofficialshavecraftedaplantousebusesandtrainsto79thesickandthedisabled.Thecityestimatesthat15,000peoplewillneeda80out.However,stateofficialshavenotyetdeterminedwherethesepeoplewillbetaken.The81withneighboringcommunitiesareongoinganddifficult.A)ToB)ByC)OnD)ForA)freshB)obviousC)apparentD)evidentA)visualB)vividC)liveD)livelyA)littleB)lessC)moreD)muchA)reluctanceB)rejectionC)denialD)declineA)naturalB)worldC)socialD)humanA)revisingB)refiningC)rebuildingD)retrievingA)reviewB)reminderC)conceptD)prospectA)preparingB)protestingC)protectingD)prevailingA)neverB)everC)thenD)beforeA)upB)downC)overD)outA)merelyB)rarelyC)incidentallyD)accidentallyA)surgeB)spurC)surfD)splashA)ensuedB)tracedC)followedD)occurredA)whichB)whereC)whatD)whenA)enoughB)certainC)conclusiveD)finalA)butB)asC)thatD)thoseA)exileB)evacuateC)dismissD)displaceA)rideB)trailC)pathD)trackA)conventionsB)notificationsC)communicationsD)negotiations2010Howmenfirstlearnedtoinventwordsisunknown;(31),theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknowisthatmen,unlikeanimals,somehowinventedcertain(32)toexpressthoughtsandfeelings,actionsandthings,(33)theycouldcommunicatewitheachother;andthatlatertheyagreed(34)certainsigns,calledletters,whichcouldbe(35)torepresentthosesounds,andwhichcouldbe(36).Thosesounds,whetherspoken,(37)writteninletters,wecallwords.Thepowerofwords,then,liesintheir(38)-thethingstheybringupbeforeourminds.Wordsbecome(39)withmeaningforusbyexperience;(40)thelongerwelive,themorecertainwords(41)tousthehappyandsadeventsofourpast;andthemorewe(42),themorethenumberofwordsthatmeansomethingtous(43).Greatwritersarethosewhonotonlyhavegreatthoughtsbutalsoexpressthesethoughtsinwordswhichappeal(44)toourmindsandemotions.This(45)andtellinguseofwordsiswhatwecall(46)style.Aboveall,therealpoetisamasterof(47).Hecanconveyhismeaninginwordswhichsinglikemusic,andwhich(48)theirpositionandassociationcan(49)mentotears.Weshould,therefore,learntochooseourwordscarefullyandusethemaccurately,ortheywill(50)ourspeechorwritingsillyandvulgar.A.inadditionB.inotherwordsC.inawordD.insummaryA.soundsB.gesturesC.signsD.movementsA.suchthatB.asthatC.sothatD.inthatA.inB.withC.ofD.uponA.speltB.combinedC.writtenDcopiedA.writtendownB.handeddownC.rememberedD.observedA.andB.yetC.alsoD.orA.functionsB.associationsC.rolesD.linksA.filledB.fullC.liveD.activeA.butB.orC.yetD.andA.reappearB.recallC.rememberD.recollectA.readandthinkB.readandrecallC.readandlearnD.readandreciteA.raisesB.increasesC.improvesD.emergesA.intensivelyB.extensivelyC.broadlyD.powerfullyA.charmingB.academicC.conventionalD.commonA.writtenB.spokenC.literaryD.dramaticA.signsB.wordsC.styleD.soundA.inB.onC.overD.byA.moveB.engageC.makeD.forceA.transformB.changeC.makeD.convert题材分析：英语语言文学专业知识Binotherwords注意句子中的分号连接的两部分，后一部分是对前一部分的解释，也就是换一种说法。Asounds根据语言学知识和下文thosesounds,those必须有所指，因此上文必然已经提到过一次soundsoCsothat结果状语从句。Dupon搭配agreeuponsth.就某事达成一致看法。Bcombined字母组合构造单词。Awrittendown.写下来成文文字。Dor语言符号的两种存在方式：口语与书面语。Bassociations联想的功能或事物，破折号后面有解释。Afilled搭配filledwith或fullofoDand顺序连接。Brecall唤起，属于bringupbeforeourminds,associations的同义反复。Creadandlearn原文如此，但readandrecite似乎也说得通。Bincreases成正比例关系。Dpowerfully分辨词义。Acharmingcharmingandtelling,引人入胜、生动形象的。Cliterarystyle文体。Bwords.Poet广义上可以是任何文学创作者，文学理论也叫诗学。48Dby通过49Amove感动50Cmake句型问题make+N.+Adj.2009Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnose诊断，treatandstopthespreadofanew,deadlydisease.SARS-SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was(31)forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi河内，(32)sincethenhasinfected感染morethan1,600peoplein15countries,killing63.Atthis(33),therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease.Symptomsstart(34)afeverover100.4degreesF,chills,headacheorbody(35).Withinaweek,thepatienthasadrycough,whichmight(36)toshortnessofbreath.In10%to20%ofcases,patientsrequire(37)ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms(38)beginintwotosevendays,butsomereportssuggestit(39)takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto(40)alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantime,itisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence(41)antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp,(42)doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof(43).Scientistsaren'tsureyet,butsomeresearchersthinkit'sa(44)discoveredcoronavirus冠状病毒(联系精读中学过的coronarythrombosis冠状动脉血栓症),thefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds普通感冒.Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed(45)dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocare(46)themhavebeenmostlikelyto(47)theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe(48)mightspreadthroughair,orthatthevirusmight(49)fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother(50).Healthexpertssayitisunlikely,though,thatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus.A.detectedB.caughtC.disclosedD.revealedA.butB.and(表示顺接)C.orD.yetA.timeB.pointC.aspectD.instance(34)A.fromB.overC.uponD.with(35)A.hurtB.soreC.achesD.feelingsA.processB.advanceC.progressD.convertA.automaticB.artificialC.mechanicalD.controlledA.regularlyB.ordinarilyC.traditionallyD.generallyA.willB.mightC.shouldD.mustA.cultivatingB.fosteringC.developingD.designingA.whichB.thatC.whetherD.whatA.soB.butC.stillD.yetA.communicationB.transportationC.transformationD.transmissionA.latelyB.newbornC.newlyD.renewedA.underB.throughC.beneathD.fromA.forB.overC.afterD.aboutA.acquireB.receiveC.obtainD.contractA.ailmentB.ill-healthC.diseaseD.infectionA.continueB.lingerC.delayD.persistA.exteriorsB.outsideC.surfacesD.coverings参考答案：31.A32.B33.B34.D35.C36.A37.C38.D39.B40.C41.B42.A43.D44.C45.B46.A47.D48.C49.B50.C分析：主题是：一、关于SARS的新闻报道，属于医学类；二、与中国相关的准时事材料。搭配：todetect(经检验)发现thedisease；搭配：atthispoint在这一节骨眼上，例如：Therearetimesyoufindyourselfunabletoworkoutproblems.Itisatthispointthatthewayyouuseyourteacherisimportant.搭配：startwith=beginwith.区别同义词：hurt肉体伤害或精神痛苦；bodyaches身体痛；sore(肌肤的)痛处，伤处。progressvi.指病情发展。mechanicalventilation专业知识，呼吸机。一般概述：generally推测：mightdevelopalabtest开发实验室测试that引导同位语从句结果sotransmission 疾病的传播。newly副词through,通过(一定的途径)dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze,被感染的病人咳嗽或打喷嚏留下的赃物。carefor照看contracttheillness,感染疾病。ailment疾病(尤指慢性病)linger逗留、徘徊exteriors外貌outside外面 surfaces表面coverings覆盖物2008Salt,shellsormetalsarestillusedasmoneyinout-of-the-waypartsoftheworldtoday.Saltmayseemratherastrange(31)touseasmoney,(32)incountrieswherethefoodofthepeopleismainlyvegetable,itisoftenan(33)necessity.Cakesofsalt,stampedtoshowtheir(34),wereusedasmoneyinsomecountriesuntilrecent(35),andcakesofsalt(36)buygoodsinBorneoandpartsofAfrica.Seashells(37)asmoneyatsometime(38)anotheroverthegreaterpartoftheOldWorld.Thesewere(39) mainlyfromthebeachesoftheMaldivesIslandsintheIndianOcean,andweretradedtoIndiaandChina.InAfrica,shellsweretradedrightacrossthe(40) fromEasttoWest.Metal,valuedbyweight,(41)coinsinmanypartsoftheworld.Iron,inlumps,barsorrings,isstillusedinmanycountries(42)papermoney.Itcaneitherbeexchanged(43)goods,ormadeintotools,weapons,orornaments.TheearlymoneyofChina,apartfromshells,wasofbronze,(44)inflat,roundpieceswithaholeinthemiddle,called“cash”.The(45)ofthesearebetweenthreethousandandfourthousandyearsold-olderthantheearliestcoinsoftheeasternMediterranean.Nowadays,coinsandnoteshave(46)nearlyallthemorepicturesque(47)ofmoney,and(48)inoneortwoofthemoreremotecountriespeoplestillkeepitforfutureuseonceremonial(49)suchasweddingsandfunerals,examplesof(50)moneywillsoonbefoundonlyinmuseums.A.objectB.articleC.substanceD.categoryA.butB.andC.soD.evenA.abstractB.advantageousC.abundantD.absoluteA.weightB.valueC.roleD.sizeA.timesB.eventsC.situationsD.conditionsA.evenB.alsoC.stillD.neverA.hadbeenusedB.areusedC.wouldbeusedD.wouldhavebeenusedA.andB.butC.yetD.orA.collectedB.producedC.grownD.raisedA.cityB.districtC.communityD.continentA.processedB.producedC.precededD.proceededA.inspiteofB.insteadofC.alongwithD.inlinewithA.againstB.asC.inD.forA.oftenB.seldomC.reallyD.muchA.earlierB.earliestC.betterD.bestA.replacedB.reproducedC.reflectedD.recoveredA.sizesB.shapesC.formatsD.formsA.whileB.althoughC.becauseD.ifA.eventsB.gatheringsC.occasionsD.assembliesA.originalB.primitiveC.historicalD.crude31-35CADBA36-40CADAD41-45CBDAB46-50ADBCB2007UntilItookDrOffutt^classinDeMathaHighschool,Iwasanunderachievingstudent,butIleftthatclass(31)nevertounderachieveagain.Henotonlytaughtmetothink,heconvincedme,(32)byexampleaswordsthatitwasmymoral(33)todosoandtoserveothers.(34)ofuscouldknowhowourrelationshipwould(35)overtheyears.WhenIcamebacktoDeMathatoteachEnglish,IworkedforDrOffutt,thedepartmentchair.Mydiscussionwithhimwerelikegraduateseminarsinadolescent(36),classroommanagementandschoolleadership.Afterseveral years,Iwas (37)department chair,and ourrelationship(38)again. Ithought that itmightbe(39)chairing thedepartment,sinceallofmy(40)Englishteacherswere(41)there,butDrOffuttsupportedme(42).Heknewwhentogivemeadvice(43)curriculum,textsandpersonnel,andwhentoletme(44)myowncourse.In1997,Ineededhis(45)aboutleavingDeMathatobecomeprincipalatanotherschool.(46)hehadaskedmetostayatDeMatha,Imighthave.(47),heencouragedmetoseizetheopportunity.Fiveyearsago,1becametheprincipalofDeMatha.(48),DrOffuttwasthereforme,lettingmeknowthatIcould(49)him.Ihavelearnedfromhimthatgreatteachershaveaninexhaustible(50)oflessonstoteach.A.concernedB.worriedC.determinedD.decidedA.asmuchB.muchasC.assuchD.suchasA.work B.jobC.dutyD.obligationA.BothB.NeitherC.EitherD.EachA.evolveB.stayC.remainD.turnprocedureC.developmentD.movement

38.A.movedB.alteredC.wentD.shifted38.A.movedB.alteredC.wentD.shiftedA.awkwardB.uneasyC.unnaturalD.formerA.olderB.experiencedC.formerD./A./B.stillC.evenD.alreadyA.throughB.throughoutadv.自始自终C.atthebeginningD.allthewayA.forB.atC.overD.aboutA.chart制定…计划B.headC.describeD.manage B.requestC.permissionD.orderA.EvenifB.AlthoughC.IfD.WhenturallyB.InsteadC.consequentlyD.Still.A.OnceagainB.RepeatedlyC.UnusuallyD.Unexpectedly.A.countinB.countdownC.countoutD.counton依赖B.bankC.wealthD.store31-35CADBA36-40CBDAC41-45BBDAA46-50CBADC2006TherearemanysuperstitionsinBritain,butoneofthemost(31)heldisthatitisunluckytowalkunderaladderevenifitmeans(32)thepavementintoabusystreet!(33)youmustpassunderaladderyoucan(34)badluckbycrossingyourfingersand(35)themcrosseduntilyouhaveseenadog.(36),youmaylickyourfingerand(37)acrossonthetoeofyourshoe,andnotlookagainattheshoeuntilthe(38)hasdried.Anothercommon(39)isthatitisunluckytoopenanumbrellainthehouse-itwilleitherbring(40)tothepersonwhoopeneditortothewhole(41).Anyoneopeninganumbrellainfineweatheris(42),asitinevitablybringsrain!Thenumber13issaidtobeunluckyforsome,andwhenthe13thdayofthemonth(43)onaFriday,anyonewishingtoavoidabadeventhadbetterstay(44).theworstmisfortunethatcanhappentoapersoniscausedbybreakingamirror,(45)itbringssevenyearsofbadluck!Thesuperstitionissupposedto(46)inancienttimes,whenmirrorswereconsideredtobetoolsofthegods.BlackcatsaregenerallyconsideredluckyinBritain,eventhoughtheyare(47)witchcraft itis(48)luckyifablackcatcrossesyourpath-althoughinAmericatheexactoppositebeliefprevails.Finally,acommonlyheldsuperstitionisthatoftouchingwood(49)luck.Thismeasureismostoftentakenifyouthinkyouhavesaidsomethingthatistemptingfate,suchas”mycarhasnever(50),touchwood?,1AbroadlyBwidelyCquicklyDspeedilyArunningfromBjumpingoffCsteppingoffDkeepingfromAIfBAsCThoughDUnlessAeraseBremoveCavoidDeaseAkeepBkeepingCkeptDtokeepAConsequentlyBHoweverCComparativelyDAlternativelyAmakeBprintCperformDproduceAlabelBsymbolCmarkDcutAargumentBsuperstitionCopinionDideaAlossBdifficultyCtragedyDmisfortuneAhouseBhouseholdChomeDcircleAunwiseBunintelligentCunpopularDunfortunateAfallsBarrivesCdropsDhappensAawayBoutdoorsCindoorsDfarAwhenBasCifDthoughAhaveoriginatedBbeoriginatingCbeoriginatedDoriginateAconcernedaboutBrelatedwithCassociatedwithDconnectedinAespeciallyBspeciallyCfrequentlyDrarelyAasBforCinDofAbrokenupBbrokenoffCbrokenawayDbrokendownABAACBDADBCBABDBACBC2005Aperson'shomeisasmuchareflectionofhispersonalityastheclotheshewears,thefoodheeatsandthefriendswithwhomhespendshistime.Dependingonpersonality,mosthaveinminda(n)”(31)home”.Butingeneral,andespeciallyforthestudentornewwageearners,therearepractical(32)ofcashandlocationonachievingthatidea.Cash(33),infact,oftenmeansthattheonlywayof(34)whenyouleaveschoolistostayathomeforawhileuntilthings(35)financially.Thereareobvious(36)oflivingathome-personallaundryisusually(37)donealongwiththefamilywash;mealsareprovidedandtherewillbeawell-establishedcircleoffriendsto(38),Andthereis(39)theresponsibilityforpayingbills,rates,etc.Ontheotherhand,(40)dependsonhowafamilygetson.Doyourparentslikeyourfriends?Youmayloveyourfamily一(41)doyoulikethem?Areyoupreparedtobe(42)whenyourparentsaskwhereyouaregoingintheeveningandwhattimeyouexpecttobeback?Ifyoufindthatyoucannotmanagea(n)(43),andthatyoufinallyhavethemoneytoleave,howdoyou(44)findingsomewhereelsetolive?Ifyouplantostayinyourhomearea,thepossibilitiesare(45)well-knowntoyoualready.Friendsandthelocalpaperarealways(46).Ifyouaregoingtoworkina(47)area,againtherearethepapers一andtheaccommodationagencies,(48)theseshouldbeapproachedwith(49).Agenciesareallowedtochargeafee,usuallythe(50)ofthefirstweek'srent,ifyoutakeaccommodationtheyhavefoundforyou.A.idealB.perfectC.imaginaryD.satisfactoryA.deficienciesB.weaknessesC.insufficienciesD.limitationsA.cutB.shortageC.lackD.drainA.gettingoverB.gettinginC.gettingbackD.gettingalongA.improveB.enhanceC.developD.proceedA.concernsb.issuesC.advantagesD.problemsA.stillB.alwaysC.habituallyD.consequentlyA.callinB.calloverC.calluponD.calloutA.alwaysB.rarelyC.littleD.sometimesA.littleB.enoughC.manyD.muchA.andB.butC.stillD.orA.tolerantB.hostileC.indifferentD.good-temperedA.agreementB.consensusC.compromiseD.dealA.goaboutB.gooverC.goinforD.gothroughA.seldomB.lessC.probablyD.certainlyA.dependentB.agoodsourceofinformationC.ofgreatvalueD.reliableA.familiarB.coldC.humidD.newA.thoughB.whileC.sinceD.asA.enthusiasmB.hesitationC.cautionD.concernA.sameB.equivalentC.equalD.similarity31-40AABAACCABD41-50BDBADDDBCB2004Thenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours9sleepalternationwithsome16-17hours'wakefulnessandthatthesleepnormallycoincides(26)thehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthis(27)canbemodified.Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Theeasewithwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisa(28)ofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomation(29)round-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormally(30)fromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoa(31)routineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.(32),itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutine(33)hehastochangetoanother,(34)muchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingvery(35)Oneanswerwouldseemtobe(36)periodsoneachshift,amonth,oreventhreemonths.(37),recentresearchhasshownthatpeopleonsuchsystemswillreverttogobacktotheir(38)habitsofsleepandwakefulnessduringtheweek-endandthatthisisquiteenoughtodestroyany(39)tonightworkbuiltupduringtheweek.Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttothosepermanentnightworkerswhose(40)maypersistthroughallweek-endsandholidays..A.inB.withC.ofD.over.A.cycle B.period C.circleD.round.A.problem B.difficultyC.trouble D.matter.A.asksB.invitesC.callsforD.reactsto.A.takes B.spends C.demands D.asks.A.fbrmer B.returned C.reversed D.regular.A.ThereforeB.UnfortunatelyC.InawordD.Incomparison.A.asB.whenC.thenD.than.A.though B.sothat C.while D.as.A.efficientlyB.goodC.easilyD.happily.A.shorter B.better C.longer D.nicer.A.SoB.Inshort C.Similarly D.However.A.new B.normal C.temporary D.favourite.A.change B.return C.adaptation D.tendency.A.wakefulness B.sleep C.preferenceD.habit短文大意：本文阐述了人类作息时间转换的规律，并说明了两种转换的具体方式。.答案：B试题分析：本题考查介词搭配。详细解答：coincidewith为固定词组，指“一致，相符合”，此处指“通常睡眠时间和白天时间相吻合而选项A,C,D不能与coincide搭配，故选B。.答案：A试题分析：本题考查名词的辨析。详细解答：cycle与前文保持一致，为“循环、周期”，此处指“我们现在关心在何等程度上，循环可以改善”。而period意为“一段时间”；circle意为“圆”;round意为“圆，圆形物”。故选项A为正确答案。.答案:D试题分析：本题考查名词词义辨析。详细解答：problem指"难题，困难”；difficulty指“困境"；trouble意为"麻烦"；而只有matter合适，amatterof为固定词组，意为“（涉及之）问题”。故选D。.答案：C试题分析：本题考查对动词词义的掌握。详细解答：callfor意为“需要，值得”，此处指“自动化需要机器昼夜不停地工作”。而ask意为“询问”；invite意为"邀请"；reactto意为"反应故选C。.答案：A试题分析：本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。详细解答：Ittakessometimetodosth.为固定句型；而选项B,C,D在句中不能以It作为形式主语，故选项A为正确答案。试题分析：本题是形容词辨析题。详细解答：reversed表示“反转的、颠倒的”；此处指“通常人们要花五天到一周的时间来适应一个相反的循环而former意为“早期的"；returned意为“回的；"；regular意为“有规律的"。故选C。.答案：B试题分析：本题考查对上下文的理解。详细解答：上文提到“颠倒作息时间大约需要五天到一个星期，而后文又说在工厂里这种轮班工作经常是每周一换的工人们刚调整过来的作息时间又得换回去，这显然是“不幸地而Therefore意为“因此，所以“；Inaword意为"总之"；Incomparison意为“比较”，意思上不符合原文。故选Bo.答案：D试题分析：本题为语法题，考查连词固定搭配的用法。详细解答：nosooner…than…表示“一 就 而选项A,B,C不能与nosooner搭配。此处指“这就意味着他还没适应一个循环，就成为另一个循环故选D。.答案：B试题分析：本题考查对上下文的理解及连词的用法。详细解答：前后文为因果关系，此处指“所以他的睡眠、工作效率都不高所以选sothat。.答案：A试题分析：本题考查对上下文的理解及副词的理解和运用。详细解答：此处意为“作息时间经常性的颠倒当然会降低工作和睡眠的效率”；而选项B,C,D意思上不符合原文，故选项A为正确答案。.答案：3试题分析：本题考查对上下文的理解。详细解答：这里的amonth相对于前面的aweek当然是较长一点。故选C。试题分析：本题考查对上下文的理解。详细解答：前文提到了较长的转换期，这相对于一个星期来说会好一些，但它同样有不足之处。前后为转折关系。而选项A,B,C都不表示转折关系。故选D。.答案：B试题分析：本题考查形容词的用法。详细解答：normal为“正常的”，此处指“在周末回到他们原来那种白天工作晚上睡觉的常规作息时间这句话里有gobackto,从意思上理解不能选A；而temporary意为“短哲的，暂时的“；favorite意为“喜爱的“，不符合原文。故选B。.答案：C试题分析：本题考查名词固定搭配和对句子的理解。详细解答：adaptation(to)指“(对……的)适应性”，在文中提及人类作息时间转换的适应性时，用的都是adapt；而tendency意为“倾向，趋势”。故选C。.答案：D试题分析：本题是考查名词辨析题。详细解答：habit此处指作息习惯；而wakefulness意为"醒着“；preference意为"偏爱"，意思上不符合原文。故选项D为正确答案。2003DuringMcDonald'searlyyearsFrenchfriesweremadefromscratcheveryday.RussetBurbankpotatoeswere(1),cutintoshoestrings,andfriedinitskitchens.(2)thechainexpandednationwide,inthemid-19601,itsoughttocutlaborcosts,reducethenumberofsuppliers,and(3)thatitsfriestastedthesameateveryrestaurant.McDonald'sbegan(4)tofrozenFrenchfriesin1966—andfewcustomersnoticedthedifference.(5),thechangehadaprofoundeffectonthenation'sagricultureanddiet.Afamiliarfoodhadbeentransformedintoahighlyprocessedindustrial(6)McDonald'sfriesnowcomefromhugemanufacturingplants(7)canprocesstwomillionpoundsofpotatoesaday.Theexpansion(8)McDonald*sandthepopularityofitslow-cost,mass-producedfrieschangedthewayAmericanseat.ThetasteofMcDonald'sFrenchfriesplayedacrucialroleinthechain*ssuccess-friesaremuchmoreprofitablethanhamburgers—andwas(9)praisedbycustomers,competitors,andevenfoodcritics.Their(10)tastedoesnotstemfromthekindofpotatoesthatMcDonald's(11),thetechnologythatprocessesthem,ortherestaurantequipmentthatfriesthem:otherchainsuseRussetBurbank,buytheirFrenchfriesfromthe(12)largeprocessingcompanies,andhavesimilar(13)intheirrestaurantkitchens.ThetasteofaFrenchfryis(14)detenninedbythecookingoil.FordecadesMcDonald'scookeditsFrenchfriesinamixtureofabout7percentcottonseedoiledand93percentbeeffat.Themixturegavethefriestheirunique(15).A.scaledB.strippedC.peeledD.slicedA.AsB.DuetoC.owingtoD.WithA.ensueB.ensureC.enrichD.enableA.switchingB.divertingC.modifyingD.alteringA.StillB.AnywayC.BesidesD.NeverthelessA.brandB.stuffC.commodityD.produceA.thisB.thatC./D.whatA.intoB.fromC.inD.ofA.longB.onlyC.firstD.lonelyA.distinctiveB.distinctC.distinguishedD.distinguishableA.exactB.identicalC.sameD.alikeA.worksB.potsC.boile