一轮复习最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习(及答案)

一轮复习最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习（及答案）一、高中英语阅读理解.阅读理解Atfirst,MichaelSurrelldidn'tseetheblacksmokeorflamesshootingfromthewindowsofhisneighbors'home.HeandhiswifehadjustparkedaroundthecornerfromtheirownhouseinAllentown,Pennsylvania,whentheygotacallfromoneofhisdaughters,"Thehousenextdoorisonfire!"Hewenttoinvestigate.That'swhenhesawtwowomenandagirlhysterical（歇斯底里的）ontheirporch."Thebaby'sinthere!"oneofthewomencried.Thoughthefiredepartmenthadbeencalled,Surrell,then64,instinctivelyraninside."Thebaby"was8-year-oldTiaraRoberts,thewoman'sgranddaughterandaplaymateofSurrell'sthreeyoungestkids,then8,10,and12.TheothertwoontheporchwereTiara'sauntandcousin.Enteringtheburninghousewaslike"runningintoabucketofblackpaint,"Surrellsays.Thethicksmokecausedhimtostumbleblindlyaround,burnedhiseyes,andmadeitimpossibletobreathe.Theconditionswouldhavebeenhazardousforanyone,butforSurrell,whohaschronicobstructivepulmonarydisease（慢性阻塞性肺疾病）,theywerelife-threatening.Hewasthelastpersonwhoshouldhaverunintoaburningbuilding---hehaslungdisease.Butthatdidn'tstophim.Afterafewminutesinthesmokefilledhouse,heretreatedoutsidetocatchhisbreath."WhereisTiara?"heaskeddesperately."Thesecondfloor."herauntshoutedback.Surrellknewhecouldn'tholdhisbreathforlong.Soheutteredalittleprayer,"Well,Lord,thisisit.Yougottahelpme,becauseI'mnotcomingoutwithoutthatlittlegirl."Takingadeepbreath,hewentinasecondtime.Thedarknesswasoverwhelming.Yetbecausethehousehadasimilarlayouttohis,hefoundthestairsandmadeittothesecondfloor.Heturnedtotherightandwasmetbyintenseheat.Hewasalreadyoutofbreath."Babygirl,whereareyou?"Histhroatandlungsburnedasifhe'dinhaledfireinsteadofthesmokeandsootintheair.Everyblinkstunghiseyes.Allhecouldhearwasthecracklingandpoppingofburningwood.CD_.Stillunabletosee,Surrellfelltohiskneesonthehotwoodfloor.Hecrawledtowardthesound,feelingaroundforanysignofthegirl.Anominousthoughtcrossedhismind:I'mprobablygonnadieuphere.Finallyhetouchedsomething.Ashoe,thenanankle.HepulledTiaratowardhim.dHerbodywaslimpandshewasn'tbreathing.Hescoopedherintohisarmsandstood.Hefelttheheatoftheflamesonhischeeks.Turning,hefoughtthroughthesmokeandranblindlyintotheblackness.Thenextthingheknew,hewasatthefrontdoor,thenoutside.SurrellputTiaradownontheporch.（3L.Avoicetoldhim,"Youhavetobreatheforher."HestartedCPR-thefirsttimehe'deverdoneso.Thewomenstoodbehindhim,prayingsilently.Soonasoot-filledcoughcamefromTiara'sthroat.Surrellgavefivemorebreaths.Shecoughedagain.Hereyesflickered.Hegaveonefinalbreath.Sheopenedhereyesandtookabreathonherown..Theireyesmet.Surrellhuggedhertightandsaid,"Uncle'sgotyou.Soonafter,histhroatclosedoff.Surrellwokeupinthehospitalacoupleofdayslater,havingsufferedsevereburnstohiswindpipeandtheupperportionofhislungs.Hespentoveraweekinthehospital.Tiarawasreleasedfromthehospitalafterafewdays.ThefireexacerbatedSurrell'spulmonarycondition,andhefeelstheeffectseventwoyearslater.Asaresult,hetakesextramedicationthathelpsopenhisairways."It'sasmallpricetopay,"hesays."I'ddoitagaininaheartbeat.Wouldn'tgiveitasecondthought."MichaelSurrellrantosave"thebaby"mainlybecauseA.hewasonthescenecasuallyB.hewasdrivenbyinstinctC.hisdaughterwasindangerD.hisownhousewasatriskWhyshouldSurrellbethelastpersontorunintoaburningbuilding?A.Thefiredepartmenthadbeencalled.B.Hewas64yearsoldatthattime.C.Theconditionwaslife-threatening.D.Hehadchronicpulmonarydisease.Inthecourseofrescue,Surrell.A.hadtomoveoutforbreathbecauseofsmokeB.waspreventedbytheoverwhelmingsmokeC.madeittothesecondfloorwithoutanytroubleD.couldclearlyhearthesoundmadebythebabyWhichblankcouldthesentence"Thenaweakbutdistinctvoiceemerged"bebestputin?A.①B.②C.③D.④⑸Fromthelastparagraph,wecanlearnthat..A.SurrellcamebacktolifeaweeklaterB.TiarahadtostayinhospitalforweeksC.Surrell'sdiseasebecamemoreseriousD.Tiaraneededfurtherextramedication(6)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.BreatheforHerB.StruggletosurviveC.AsmallpricetopayD.Amanwithlungdisease【答案】(1)B⑵DAACA【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一个患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的人不顾个人安危去邻居家着火的房子里成功救出小女孩，因此造成他肺部疾病加重，但是他对自己所做的从不后悔。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的 “Thoughthefiredepartmenthadbeencalled,Surrell,then64,instinctivelyraninside.虽然已经给消防队打电话了，但当时” 64岁的萨雷尔还是本能地跑了进去，可知 Surrell跑进去救婴儿是因为本能驱使，这里 instinctively本能地是TOC\o"1-5"\h\zinstinct的副词形式，故选 B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的 “butforSurrell,whohaschronicobstructivepulmonarydisease（慢性阻塞性肺疾病）， theywerelife-threatening但对于患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的Surrell来说，当时的火势对他来说是危及生命的，所以 Surrell是最不应该冲进着火大楼的人，故选 D。（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的 “Afterafewminutesinthesmokefilledhouse,heretreatedoutsidetocatchhisbreath.在烟雾弥漫的房子里呆了几分钟后，他退到外面喘口”气，可知在烟雾弥漫的房子里救人，期间 Surrell不得不出来喘口气，故选 A。（4）考查推理判断。 第一个空前 “Allhecouldhearwasthecracklingandpoppingofburningwood.”他只能听到燃烧木头的噼噼啪啪声，选项 A“Thenaweakbutdistinctvoiceemerged然后出现了一个微弱但清晰的声音，句子中的 Then在时间上承接前一句，空格后一句 “Stillunabletosee”还是看不见，承接选项 A工个微弱但清晰的声音”，可以判断听到声音但还TOC\o"1-5"\h\z是看不见人，故选 A。（5）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的 “ThefireexacerbatedSurrell'spulmonarycondition.大火加剧了 Surrell的肺部疾病， 可知Surrell的病情变得更严重了，故选 C。（6）考查主旨大意。根据倒数第三段中的 “Avoicetoldhim,‘Youhavetofobrrehaetrh.e’HestartedCPR...Sheopenedhereyesandtookabreathonherown.可知，Surrell给女孩做人工”呼吸，女孩最终可以自己呼吸活过来了，人能活下来要呼吸给心肺供氧，呼吸非常重要，用breatheforher做主题引申 Surrell挽救了女孩的生命，故选 A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（ A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?Avoidingtemptation（诱惑）isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe"outofsight,outofmind"principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight.Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail?Notnecessarily.Researchersdon'tbelievethatone'swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower-atleasttoapoint.Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable(脆弱)tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear'sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords,don'ttrytoquitsmoking,adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Baumeistersays,you'llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon'trequiremakingdecisionsatall.(1)Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat.A.peoplehaveunlimitedself-control B.highmotivationensuresone'ssuccessC.willpowerishardlycompletelyexhaustedD.toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure(2)Theunderlinedphrase"tapinto"inParagraph3mostprobablymeans.A.makeuseof B.runoutof C.build D.increaseTheauthorcomparesself—controltomuscles.toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpowertoshowthesignificanceofregularexercisetoarguethatself-controlcanheeasilyuseduptoexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-controlTodevelopagoodhabit,whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?A."Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise." B."Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester."C."IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth." D."Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation."【答案】(1)C⑵A(3)DC【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇议论文，列举了关于意志力的几种研究和观点，作者认为有了明确的目标，良好的自我监督和练习，就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚强。(1)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的 "Researchersdon'tbelievethatone'swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.可知，研究人员不相信人的意志力会完全耗尽，他们还有备用的和为将来需求节省的意志力。所以从文章中的研究我们了解到意志力几乎没有完全丧失。故选C。省的意志力。所以从文章中的研究我们了解到意志力几乎没有完全丧失。故选（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的 "Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown."可知，正确的动机使我们能够利用这些储备，即使我们的自我控制能力已经被消耗殆尽，我们仍然可以继续前进。所以通过上下文的语境，判断出 "tapinto"指利用，与 makeuseof同义。故选 A。（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的 “Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.可知，虽然肌肉在短期内会因运动而疲惫不”堪，但长期而言，它们会通过经常锻炼而增强。同样规律的自我控制可以提高意志力。两者相比是为了说明同一个道理：长期的锻炼和自我控制的好处。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是为了解释自我控制的好处。故选 D。（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的 “Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,you'llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon'trequiremakingdecisionsatall.可知，作者认为一个接一个的制定目标是一个更好的方法。一旦养成好习惯，你就不再”需要依靠意志力来维持自己的行为。最终健康的习惯将成为惯例，而且不需要做任何决定。所以 C项"IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth."是先设立目标，然后成为好习惯，作者更喜欢这种目标。故选 C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3．阅读理解Everyyearmigratory（迁徙的）batstravelfromMexicotoBrackenCave,wheretheyspendthesummerconsuminginsectsthatwouldotherwisehungrilyeatcommonfoodcrops.Butthebatshavebeenshowingupfarearlierthantheydidtwodecadesago.Inastudy,scientistsatRothamstedResearch,anagriculturallaboratoryinEngland,usedradardatafrom160U.S.weatherstationstoanalyzeactivityintheTexasbatcolonyfrom1995through2017.TheydiscoveredthecreatureswereleavingtheirwinterquartersinMexicoearlierandreproducingsooner.Theywerealsoastonishedtofindincreasingnumbersofbatsoverwintering（过冬）atBrackenCaveinsteadofheadingbacktotheircoldweatherquartersinMexico.Overwinteringisasignthatwarmertemperatureschangethebats'annualrhythms,RothamstedbiologistPhillipStepaniansays.AseparatestudyofmigratorybatsinIndiana,publishedlastyear,foundthattemperaturevariationsaffectedarrivalanddeparturetimes—likewisehintingatthepotentialinfluenceofclimatechange.JoyO'Keefe,abiologyprofessoratIndianaStateUniversityandco-authorofthatstudy,saysearlyarrivalattheirsummerhabitats（栖息地）couldexposethesebatstocoldsnaps（寒流）,andtheycouldfreezetodeath.JoyO'Keefeandhercolleaguesalsofoundthatchangingbatmigrationtimescanalsoclashwithrainfallpatterns.Manyinsectsthatbatseatbreedinseasonallakesandpuddles.Ifthebatsarrivetooearlytobenefitfromsummerrainfallandtheresultingabundanceofinsectstheymaystruggletofeedtheirpups(幼崽)orskipreproductionaltogether,O'Keefesays.ShefearsthisshiftcouldcauseMidwesternbatstodecreasetowardextinction,whichwouldbebadnewsforhumans."Declinesinbatpopulationscouldhavesevereeffectsforcropsuccess,"shesays,addingthatbatsalso"controlsignificantdiseasevectors,suchasmosquitoes."However,scientistsarenotcertainthatclimatechangealoneiscausingtheBrackenCavebatcolonytomigrateearlier.Theyhavefoundadirectlinkbetweenseasonaltemperaturesandbirdmigration,butbatsarealsoinfluencedbyfactorssuchaschangesinwindspeedanddirection.Andthereareothercomplications. "Batsaremysteriouslittleanimalsthatmovemostlyatnightandaredifficulttoobserveandtrack,"Stepaniansays."Wehavethisconceptualpictureofwhatmightbehappening,butreallytyingittothecauseisthenextstep."ScientistsatRothamstedResearchfoundthat.batsprefercolderweather B.batsdelaytheirreproductionC.warmingaffectsbatmigration D.radarcanbeusedtoobservebats22)JoyO'Keefediscoveredthat.A.batsareusedtolivinginrainfallseasonsbats'earliermigrationmightharmfarminginsects'reproductionhelpstospreaddiseaseinsectsshortagemakesbatsreproduceearlier)Whatdoesthelastparagraphwanttotellus?A.Windspeedanddirectionaffectbats.B.Itisdifficulttoobserveandtrackbats.C.Climatechangemakesbatsmigrateearlier.D.Furtherresearchonthecauseisnecessary.)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Bats'habitatsB.EndangeredbatsC.Bats'scheduleD.Bats,ourgoodfriends【答案】(1)C⑵BDC【解析】【分析】【点评】本文是一篇说明文，作者先提出蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象，然后分析了这种现象可能导致的后果，最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因。(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Overwinteringisasignthatwarmertemperatureschangethebats'annualrhythms,RothamstedbiologistPhillipStepaniansays.罗斯泰德的生物”学家菲利普斯捷潘尼安说，越冬是气温升高改变蝙蝠年度节律的一个标志，可知，蝙蝠越冬的方式是一个迹象，这表明了气温上升改变了它们每年的迁徙规律。故选 Co(2)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"'thebatsarrivetooearlytobenefitfromsummerrainfallandtheresultingabundanceofinsects,theymaystruggletofeedtheirpups(幼崽)orskipreproductionaltogether,O'Keefesays.ShefearsthisshiftcouldcauseMidwesternbatstodecreasetowardextinction,whichwouldbebadnewsforhumans. "Declinesinbatpopulationscouldhavesevereeffectsforcropsuccess, 奥基夫谢e黜ysS蝠来得太早，无法从夏季降雨和由此产生的大量昆虫中获益，它们可能难以喂养幼崽，或者完全跳过繁殖。她担心这种转变可能会导致中西部蝙蝠走向灭绝，这对人类来说是个坏消息。 蝙蝠数量的减少可能对作物的成功产生严重影响， ”她说，可知，蝙蝠过早地迁徙会因为缺少食物，导致喂养幼仔的困难，或者跳过繁殖期，这将导致蝙蝠数量减少，害虫增加，从而对农作物产生影响。由此可知，乔伊 奥基夫发现，蝙蝠过早的迁徙可能会危害农业。故选 Bo(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 "However,scientistsarenotcertainthatclimatechangealoneiscausingtheBrackenCavebatcolonytomigrateearlier.然而，科学家们还不能确定仅仅是气候变化就导致了蕨类洞穴蝙蝠群落更早的迁徙；及"Batsaremysteriouslittleanimalsthatmovemostlyatnightandaredifficulttoobserveandtrack, "Stepaniansays.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zhavethisconceptualpictureofwhatmightbehappening,butreallytyingittothecauseisthenextstep.斯捷潘尼安说： 蝙蝠是神秘的小动物，大多在夜间活动，很难观察和追踪。 ”。我们对可能发生的事情有一个概念性的描述，但真正将其与原因联系起来还需要进一步的研究。”可推知，对蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因还需要进一步的研究。故选 Do(4)考查主旨大意。作者通过第一段中的 "Buthebatshavebeenshowingupfarearlierthantheydidtwodecadesago.但是蝙蝠出现的时间比 20年前要早得多)提出蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象，然后分析了这种现象可能导致的后果，最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因。由此可知，本文主要围绕蝙蝠的迁徙时间变化展开介绍分析。由此可知选 Co【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4.阅读理解"Whatkindofrubbishareyou?"Thisquestionmightnormallycauseanger,butinShanghaiitwasbroughtaboutwearycomplaintsoverthepastfewmonths.OnJuly1st,thecityintroducedstrictrubbish-sortingregulationsthatareexpectedtobeusedasamodelforourcountry.Citizensmustdividetheirwasteintofourseparatecategoriesandputitintospecificpublicbins.Theymustdosoatscheduledtimes,whenmonitorsarepresenttoensurethatrulesareobeyedandtoexaminethenatureofone'srubbish.Violatorscouldbehitwithfinesofupto200yuan($29).Forrepeatviolators,thecitycanaddblackmarkstotheircreditrecords,makingitharderforthemtoobtainhankloansorevenbuytraintickets.Shanghaiauthoritiesarerespondingtoobviousenvironmentalproblem.Itproduces9milliontonsofgarbageayear.Butlikeothercitiesinchina,itlacksarecyclingsystem.Instead,ithasreliedonrubbishpickerstopickoutwhatevercanbereused.Thishaslimits.Aspeoplegetwealthier,fewerofthemwanttodosuchdirtywork.Thewaste,meanwhile,justkeepspilingup.Chinaproduces80billionpairsofone-offchopsticksayear.Manycitizensappeartosupporttheideaofrecyclingingeneralbutarefrustratedbythedetails.Rubbishmustbedividedaccordingtowhetheritisfood,recyclable,dryorhazardous(有害的),thedistinctionsamongwhichcanbeconfusing,thoughthereareappstohelpworkitout.Somehavecomplainedabouttherulessurroundingfoodwaste.Theymustputitstraightintherequiredpublicbin,forcingthemtotearopenplasticbagsandtoss(投掷)itbyhand,Mostannoyingaretheshortperiodsforthrowingtrash,typicallyacoupleofhours,morningandevening.Alongwiththemonitorsatthebins,thismeansthatpeoplegoataroundthesametimeandcankeepaneyeonwhatisbeingthrownout;noonewantstolookbad.What'sthepurposeofParagraph1?Tocomplainaboutrubbishdividing.Toexplainthefourcategoriesofthewaste.Tointroducetherulesonwastesorting.Toshowthegoalofrubbish,sortingregulations.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"Violators"inParagraph2referto?A.Peoplewhodon'tpayfortraintickets. B.Peoplewhoarguewiththemonitors.C.Peoplewhoobtainbankloans. D.Peoplewhoareagainsttheregulations.Whatmakesthecitizensupsetmostabouttherules?Complexdistinctionamongthefourcategoriesofrubbish.Shortscheduledtimefortossingrubbish.Beingobservedbymonitorswhenthrowingthegarbage.Beingfinedwhenblamedduetoimproperbehavior.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ARestartofWaste-sorting B.ANewAgeofGarbageClassificationC.LearningtoClassifyRubbish D.Rubbish-sortingBenefitstheWorld【答案】(1)C⑵DBB【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了7月1日上海市出台的垃圾分类规定，有望成为我国的一个典范。文章说明了垃圾分类规定的部分内容以及违反者将面临的处罚，这项政策出台的原因是上海日益增多的垃圾，以及居民们对此政策的看法和态度。(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的 "Citizensmustdividetheirwasteintofourseparatecategoriesandputitintospecificpublicbins.Theymustdosoatscheduledtimes,whenmonitorsarepresenttoensurethatrulesareobeyedandtoexaminethenatureofone'srubbish.市'民必须将垃圾分为四类，并将其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。他们必须在规定的时间这样做，当监督员在场时，以确保规则得到遵守，并检查垃圾的性质。可知主要是在说明垃圾分类的相关规定，故第一段的目的是介绍垃圾分类的规则。故选 Co(2)考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的 "Theycouldbehitwithfinesofupto200yuan($29).他们将面临最高200元(29美元)的罚款。可推测他们此处指违反垃圾分类规定的人们，故划线单词意思为违反规定的人"，故选Do(3)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的 "Mostupsetaretheshortwindowsforthrowingtrash,typicallyacoupleofhours,morningandevening.最让人心烦的是扔垃圾的短暂开放期，通常是早上和晚上的几个小时，可知，扔垃圾的时间很短让居民对这些规定最不满。故选Bo（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的 “OnJuly1st,thecityintroducedstricttrash-sortingregulationsthatareexpectedtobeusedasamodelforourcountry.Residentsmustdividetheirwasteintofourseparatekindsandputitintospecificpublicbins.Theymustdosoatscheduledtimes,whenmonitorsarepresenttoensurecomplianceandtoinquireintothenatureofone'srubbish.”7月1日，该市出台了严格的垃圾分类规定，有望成为我国的一个典范。居民必须将他们的垃圾分成四类，并将其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。他们必须在规定的时间这样做，当监督员在场时，以确保遵守和调查一个人的垃圾的性质）以及文章主要内容围绕着上海垃圾分类规定标志着一个垃圾分类的新时代的开始而展开，故选 B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。阅读理解Anewstudyhasfoundthatcatscanconnectwithpeopleinthesamewayasdogsandchildren.Theresearch,publishedinCurrentBiology,suggeststhesocialabilitiesofcatstoformhumanattachmentshasbeengreatlyunderestimated.Thestudynotesthatmorecatslivewithhumansthandogsdoworldwide.Buthistorically,morescientificresearchhascenteredonthesocialrelationshipsbetweenpeopleanddogs.Theresearchersdesignedexperimentssimilartomethodsusedtomeasurehumanattachmentbehaviors.Forexample,otherstudieshaveobservedhowbabiesreacttobeingreunitedwithcaregiversafterbeingseparatedforshortperiods.About70catswerestudied.Thehehavioroftheanimalswasobservedbyexpertswhodividedthemintotwogroups.64percentwerejudgedtobe"securelyattached"tocaregivers,while36percentwerefoundtobe"insecurelyattached."Thecatswithsecureattachmentsshowedseveralsignsof"reducedstress"levels,thestudyfound.Thesecatswerefoundtobemorecomfortableandeffectivelybalancedtheirattentionbetweenthepersonandtheirsurroundings.However,thecatswithaninsecureattachmentshowedclearsignsofstress.Theseincludedshakingofthetail,repeatedlickingorstayingcompletelyawayfromthecaregiver.Sheaddedthattheresultsshowedthatthelevelofsecureandinsecureattachmentsincatsisveryclosetothosemeasuredinhumanbabies.Inhumans,researchhasfoundthat65percentofbabiesarealsosecurelyattachedtotheircaregivers.Theresearchersalsowereinterestedinfindingoutifsocializationtrainingwouldchangetheresults.Butafterasix-weektrainingprogramforthecats,therewerenomajordifferences."Onceanattachmentstylehasbeenestablishedbetweenthecatanditscaregiver,itappearstoremainrelativelystableovertime,evenafteratrainingandsocializationintervention（干预）,"Vitalesaid.（1）Whatdoesthestudymentionedinthispassageshow?Cats'socialabilityislittlethoughtof.Dogshavemoresociablepersonalitiesthancats.Historically,dogismuchsmarterthancats.Catshavebadsocialrelationshipswithdogs.Whatwillhappenifthecatsfeelunsafe?A.Theytendtoattacktheircaregivers. B.Theyaregoingtoshaketheirtails.C.Theywillstayclosetotheircaretakers. D.Theyarelikelytobalancetheirattention.Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?Attachmentlevelinbabiesishigherthanincats.Trainingprogramplaysanimportantroleintheresults.Researchersfeelinsecurewhenexperimentingwithcats.It'shardtomakechangestoattachmentstylesbetweencatsandcaregivers.【答案】 （1）ABD【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的实验研究发现，猫能像小狗和婴儿那样和人之间形成依恋关系，而且这种关系一旦形成就很难改变。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的 “Buthistorically,morescientificresearchhascenteredTOC\o"1-5"\h\zonthesocialrelationshipsbetweenpeopleanddogs.可知，历史上更多的科学研究集中在狗 ”和人的社会关系上，由此推测猫和人的社交关系很少有人考虑到。故选 A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的 “However,thecatswithaninsecureattachmentshowedclearsignsofstress.Theseincludedshakingofthetail,repeatedlickingorstayingcompletelyawayfromthecaregiver.可知没有安全感的猫会表现出明显的压力迹象，包括摇“尾巴，不停舔舐或远离看护人员。故选 B。（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的 ”Onceanattachmentstylehasbeenestablishedbetweenthecatanditscaregiver,itappearstoremainrelativelystableovertime,evenafteratrainingandsocializationintervention干预工"Vitalesaid.可知猫对看护者的依恋模式一旦形成，就相对稳定，即使通过训练和社会化干预也很难改变。故选 D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。．阅读理解Africa'sMostAmazingPlacestoVisitPyramidsofGiza,EgyptThemostfamousofthestructuresatGiza,nearCairo,thePyramidofKingKhufuwasbuiltaround2650BCfrom2.5millionblocksofstone.Itssidesfacenorth,south,eastandwest.SaharaDunes,MoroccoThemostuser-friendlypartoftheSaharaisaccessiblefromthenorthernedgeofMorocco.YoucancampoutinTazzarine,whererunnersfromallovertheworldcompletetheweeklongMarathoneveryspring.ThefootoftheMerzougaDunesisthebestlocationforgazingatstars,totallyfreeoflightpollution.LakeRetba（LacRose）,SenegalTherearefewpinklakesintheworldandoneofthem,LakeRetba,alsocalledLacRosebylocalsisintheCap-VertpeninsulainSenegal.ThebesttimestoseethelakeatitspinkestisduringSenegal'sdryseason,betweenNovemberandJune.NyikaPlateauNationalPark,MalawiWithaplateaucutbynumerousriversthatreachLakeMalawibywayofwaterfallsofftheeasternedgeofthemountains,Nyika,thelargestnationalparkinMalawi,isoneofthemostbeautifulinAfrica.TheeasternborderoftheplateauformsthewalloftheGreatRiftValley.Thegreatdomesofhillshavegentleslopes,makingNyikaperfectforbothhikingandmountainbikingaswellasJeepexploration.Whichcountrywillyougoifyouwanttowatchstars?A.Malawi. B.Morocco. C.Egypt. D.Senegal.Whenisthebesttimetoseethepinkestlake?A.July. B.September. C.October. D.January.WhatmakesNyikaoneofthemostbeautifulparksinAfrica?A.Plants. B.Animals. C.Waters. D.Sports.【答案】(1)B⑵DC【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个非洲最神奇的地方。(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"ThefootoftheMerzougaDunesisthebestlocationforgazingatstars,totallyfreeoflightpollution. 默佐加沙丘的脚下是观星的最佳地点，完全没有光污染。可知如果你想看星星，你可以去摩洛哥。故选Bo(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"ThebesttimestoseethelakeatitspinkestisduringSenegal'sdryseason,betweenNovemberandJune.在塞内加尔的旱季，11月至6月是观赏湖面最粉的最佳时间。分析选项可知看粉红色湖泊的最佳时间是一月份。故选 Do(3)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"WithaplateaucutbynumerousriversthatreachLakeMalawibywayofwaterfallsofftheeasternedgeofthemountains,Nyika,thelargestnationalparkinMalawi,isoneofthemostbeautifulinAfrica. 这里的高原被众多河流切断，这些河流通过山脉东部边缘的瀑布到达马拉维湖，造就了尼卡是马拉维最大的国家公园，它是非洲最美丽的国家公园之一。可知是水域使尼卡成为非洲最美丽的公园之一。故选 Co【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。.阅读理解DNAanalysishasrevealedfamilyrelationshipsbetweenmorethan10generationsofStoneAgepeopleatmegalithic(巨石的)tombsinIrelandandSweden.Theevidencesuggeststhatmegaliths,prehistoriclargestonestructures,sometimesactedasgravesforfamilygroupsinnorthwesternEuropethousandsofyearsago.Thelatestfindingsthrownewlightontheoriginsandsocialstructureofthegroupsthatbuiltmegalithsinthisregion—ahistorythathaslongbeenhiddeninmystery.Fortheirstudy,theinternationalteamofresearchersanalyzedthegenomes—thecompletesetofgeneticmaterialinacell—of24StoneAgeindividualsfromfivemegalithicburialsitesinIreland,ScotlandandGotland,alargeSwedishislandintheBalticSea.Thisanalysisshowedthatmanyoftheindividualsburiedateachmegalith,whoalllivedbetween3,800B.C.and2,600B.C.,accordingtoradiocarbon-datingoftheirremains,werecloselyrelatedviafamilyties.TheresultsalsoshowedthattheindividualsburiedatthemegalithswererelatedtoNeolithicfarmersinnorthernandwesternEuropebutgeneticallydistinctfromotherhunter-gatherers.ThiswasparticularlynoticeableattheAnsarvesiteontheislandofGotland."ThepeopleburiedintheAnsarvetombareremarkablydifferentonageneticlevelcomparedtothei