Filter-System-Design-Components-SMRC-Home过滤系统设计部分家课件

DesignofStormwaterFilteringSystemsCenterforWatershedProtectionCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPDesignofCenterforCopyright1FilteringSystems

SixDesignVariationsSurfacesandfilterPerimetersandfilterOrganicsandfilterUndergroundsandfilterPocketsandfilterBioretentionCopyright2000,CWPFilteringSystems

SixDesign2FilterSystemDesignComponentsFlowRegulationDiversionofonlywaterqualityvolumetofacilityPretreatmentTrappingofcoarsesedimentstoextenddesignlifeFilterBedandFilterMediaPrimarytreatmentcomponentoffacilityOutflow/OverflowSafeconveyanceofallstormsthroughfacilityCopyright2000,CWPFilterSystemDesignComponent3Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright24FilterMedia

ComparisonofDifferentMediaProperties

Sand

SiltLoam

Compost

PeatPermeability(cm/hr) 3.3 0.1-0.4 - 0.25-140Waterholdingcapacity(cm/cm) 0.14 .07-0.1 - .01-0.2Bulkdensity(g/cm) 2.65 1.25 1-2 <0.1-0.3pH - 5.7 7.8 3.6-6.0Organicmatter(%) <1 <20 30-70 80-98Cationexchangecapacity 1-3 12-18 66 183-265Totalphosphorus(%) 0 0.09 <0.1 <0.1Totalnitrogen(%) 0 0.15 <1.0 <2.5Filtrationefficiencyafter 18in.(%) 93 94 16 47Copyright2000,CWPFilterMedia

ComparisonofDi5SandFilterSelectionGuide

MostAppropriateOptionbyLandUseFilter

Ultra-

Parking

Roads

Residential

Pervious

Rooftop

urban

lots

Surface Yes Ideal Maybe Maybe No YesUnderground Ideal Yes Maybe Maybe No YesPerimeter Yes Ideal Maybe Maybe No YesPocket Yes Yes Maybe Yes No YesOrganic Maybe Yes No Maybe Maybe YesBioretention Maybe Ideal Yes Yes Yes Yes

Ideal:thebestalternativeYes:greatlysuitableMaybe:maybesuitableundercertainconditionsNo:seldomorneversuitable

Copyright2000,CWPSandFilterSelectionGuide

M6SandFilterSelectionGuide

KeyFeasibilityFactorsFilter

Space

Minimum

Maintenance

Cost

consumed

head

burdenSurface 2-3% 5feet annual moderateUnderground none 4feet semi-annual highPerimeter 2-3% 3feet annual moderatePocket 2-3% 3feet annual moderateOrganic 1-2% 5feet annual high Bioretention 5% 4feet semi-annual lowCopyright2000,CWPSandFilterSelectionGuide

K7SurfaceSandFilter

DesignFeaturesAbovegroundfacilityFirstdevelopedinAustin,TexasWetordrypretreatment(3ft.min.)18inchsandfilterbedExfiltrationorunderdrainsystemConcreteorearthconstructionDesignedtotreatlargerdrainageareasCopyright2000,CWPSurfaceSandFilter

DesignFe8Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright29Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright210Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright211PerimeterSandFilter

DesignFeaturesLocatedattheperimeterofparkinglotsDevelopedoriginallyinDelawareTwoparalleltrenchchambersTwofootwetpoolpretreatment18inchsandfilterbedUnderdrainsystemIdealforsmall,highlyimperviousareasIdealforflatareaswithrelativelylowavailablehead.Copyright2000,CWPPerimeterSandFilter

Design12Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright213Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright214Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright215OrganicFilter

DesignFeaturesAbovegroundfiltersystemOrganicmediumreplacesoraugmentssandPeat&leafcompost,twomostcommonmedia24inchpeat/sandfilterbed18inchcompostfilterbed(proprietarysystem:CSFTreatmentSystems,Inc.)ExfiltrationorunderdrainsystemCovercropdesirableforpeat/sandsystemCopyright2000,CWPOrganicFilter

DesignFeature16PeatSandFiltersPeatQualities:HighcationexchangecapacityHighC:N:Pratio(microbial)Highorganicmattercontent(80-98%)Moderatelydecomposed,fibricorhemic(reed-sedge)StaysinplaceCopyright2000,CWPPeatSandFiltersPeatQualiti17Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright218Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright219Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright220UndergroundSandFilter

DesignFeaturesBelow-groundfacilityDevelopedinDistrictofColumbiaThreefootwetpoolpretreatment24inchsandfilterbedUnderdrainsystemConfinedspaceconsiderationsCopyright2000,CWPUndergroundSandFilter

Desig21Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright222Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright223PocketSandFilter

SystemComponentsSimplifiedlowcostalternativePrimarilyforverysmallsitesLevelspreader,grassfilter,plungepoolpretreatment18inchsandfilterbedExfiltrationorunderdrainsystemCovercropwithpeagravelwindowCopyright2000,CWPPocketSandFilter

SystemCom24Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright225Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright226SandFilterFlowRegulation

Locateoff-linetohandleonlyWQvstormRequiresflowdiversionstructuretobypasslargerstormsDiversionstructurecaneitherbelocatedatfacility(preferred)orupstreamCopyright2000,CWPSandFilterFlowRegulation

L27Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWP28Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWP29SandFilterPretreatment

AlternativeTechniquesforDifferentFilterOptionsSurfacesandandorganicfiltersdrydetentionfor24hours,orwetpoolwithdrydetentionaboveUndergroundsandfilterwetpoolatleast3feetdeep&drydetentionabovePerimetersandfilterwetpoolwith2footdepth&drydetentionabovePocketsandfilterconcretelevelspreader,filterstrip&plungepoolCopyright2000,CWPSandFilterPretreatment

Alte30SandFilterPretreatment

SizingCriteriaAreabasedonWQVCamp-Hazenequation:As=-(Qo/W)*Ln(1-E)As=0.066(WQV)ft2forI<75%As=0.0081(WQV)ft2forI>75%Vmin=3/4(WQV)Copyright2000,CWPSandFilterPretreatment

Sizi31SandFilterbed

SizingCriteriaDarcy’sLawAf=WQV*(df)/[k*(hf+df)(tf)]where:Af=surfaceareaoffilter(ft2)WQV=treatmentvolume(ft3)df=filterbeddepth(ft)-canvarydependingonthesiteconditionsbutshouldnotbemore24"(18"isthestandard)k=coefficientofpermeability(ft/day)hf=averageheadabovefilterbed(ft)-variesdependingonthesiteconditions,butshouldnotexceed6feettf=timetofilterthroughbed(days)-Avalueof40hoursisrecommended

Copyright2000,CWPSandFilterbed

SizingCriter32SandFilterMedia

CoefficientofPermeabilityValuesFilterMediaSandPeat/sandCompostCoefficientofPermeability(k,ft/day)3.52.758.7Copyright2000,CWPSandFilterMedia

Coefficient33SandFilterMedia

DesignComponents18-24inchfilterbed(sandororganic)Covercropforsomeapplicationsgrass-peat/sand,surface,pocketpeagravelwindow-pocketgravelandgeotextile-undergroundObservationwells/cleanoutpipesCopyright2000,CWPSandFilterMedia

DesignComp34SandFilterOverflow

SystemComponentsFlowdistributionvaultorweir6-11inchgravelunderdrainsystem4-6inchperforatedcollectionpipeOverfloworbypassweirorpipeGatevalvefordewateringOutletchamberCopyright2000,CWPSandFilterOverflow

SystemC35SandFilter

ConstructionSpecificationsParameter

Specification

SizeSand ASTMC-33concrete,mediumagg. .02-.04in.Peat Ashcontent:<15% Reed-sedge pHrange:5.2-4.9 hemicpeat Bulkdensity:.12-.15g/ccLeafCompost CFSTreatmentSystems Underdrain gravel AASHTOM-43 1/2-2in.Geotextile fabric ASTMD-751,D-1117,andD-1682 Imperm.Liner ASTMD-751,D-412,D-624,andD-471 30milthickPVCPiping AASHTOM-278 4-6in.(Sch.40)

Copyright2000,CWPSandFilter

ConstructionSpe36SandFilterMaintenanceMaintenanceElementDebriscleanoutVegetationFilterbedchamberSedimentationchamberStructuralcomponentsOutlet/overflowstructuresInspectionFrequencyQuarterlyMonthly(duringgrowingseason)Semi-annuallySemi-annuallyAnnuallyAnnuallyRequiredActionsRemovebuildupRegularmowing,repairerosion,revegetateReplacecloggedsurface,ormanualmanipulationClean-outwhendepth>12in.,limitvegetationheightRepair/replacedamagedcomponentsRepair/replaceclogged/failingelementsCopyright2000,CWPSandFilterMaintenanceMainten37BioretentionAreasEconomicalforsmallsites(1acreorless)EasytoconstructCompatiblewithcommerciallandscapingneedsUtilizesexistingopenspaceLimitedperformancedatasuggestspollutantremovalcomparabletoorbetterthanotherfilteringpracticesCopyright2000,CWPBioretentionAreasEconomicalf38Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright239Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright240Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright241Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright242Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright243Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright244Bioretention

SystemComponentsOff-linedesignPeagravelfilterdiaphragmGrassbufferstripPondingareaPeagraveloverflowdrainOrganiclayer(mulch)PlantingsoilPlantmaterials(trees/shrubs)Gravel/pipeunderdrainsystemCopyright2000,CWPBioretention

SystemComponent45BioretentionFlowRegulation

DiversionforOff-lineDesignRunoffcaptureofWQvTwoflowsplitterdesignoptionswithindrainagesystemwithinfilteringpracticeitselfSimplethreestepdesigncomputeWQvandWQpeakdischargesizelowflowhydraulicstructuretopracticesizelargerstormoverflowstructureCopyright2000,CWPBioretentionFlowRegulation

46BioretentionPretreatment

FilterStripSizingCriteriaCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPBioretentionPretreatment

Fil47BioretentionPretreatment

GrassChannelSizingGuidanceCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPBioretentionPretreatment

Gra48BioretentionFilterMedia

DesignComponentsAf=WQV((df)/k((h+df)(tf)where:Af =Surfaceareaofthebioretentionplantingbed(ft2)WQv =Waterqualitytreatmentvolume(ft3)df =Plantingsoilbeddepth(ft)–4ftrecommendedk =Coefficientofpermeabilityforplantingsoilbed(ft/day)-k=0.5ft/day:Medianvalueofasiltloam

h =Averageheightofwaterabovethebioretentionbed(ft);havg=½*hmax-hisequalto3",assumingamaximumpondingdepthof6"abovetheplantingsoilbedtf =TimerequiredfortheWaterQualityTreatmentVolume(WQV)tofilterthroughtheplantingsoilbed-Avalueof72hoursisrecommendedCopyright2000,CWPBioretentionFilterMedia

Des49BioretentionFilterMedia

DesignComponentsAf=D.A.x5.0%xRv

where,Af =therequiredsurfaceareaofthebioretentionfacility,D.A.=thedrainagearea,andRv =thevolumetricrunoffcoefficientCopyright2000,CWPBioretentionFilterMedia

Des50BioretentionAreas

SpecificationsMinimumwidth=15to25feetMinimumlength=30to50feetLengthtowidthratioof2:1forwidths>15feetMaximumpondingdepth=6inchesMaximumplantingsoildepth=4feetDrainagearea=0.25to1.0acresMaximumslope=20%Maximumentryvelocity=3feet/secondCopyright2000,CWPBioretentionAreas

Specificat51LandscapingaBioretentionAreaMinimum3speciesoftreesandshrubs(each)Treesplanted12feetoncenter(1000stems/acre)Nativetreesandshrubsselectedfortolerancefor:pollutionpondingdrysoilMulchlayertypicallyshreddedhardwoodmulchLocateplantmaterialnearperimeterbutnotatinflowCareandreplacementwarranty(80%-oneyear)NormallandscapingmaintenanceCopyright2000,CWPLandscapingaBioretentionAre52DesignofStormwaterFilteringSystemsCenterforWatershedProtectionCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPDesignofCenterforCopyright53FilteringSystems

SixDesignVariationsSurfacesandfilterPerimetersandfilterOrganicsandfilterUndergroundsandfilterPocketsandfilterBioretentionCopyright2000,CWPFilteringSystems

SixDesign54FilterSystemDesignComponentsFlowRegulationDiversionofonlywaterqualityvolumetofacilityPretreatmentTrappingofcoarsesedimentstoextenddesignlifeFilterBedandFilterMediaPrimarytreatmentcomponentoffacilityOutflow/OverflowSafeconveyanceofallstormsthroughfacilityCopyright2000,CWPFilterSystemDesignComponent55Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright256FilterMedia

ComparisonofDifferentMediaProperties

Sand

SiltLoam

Compost

PeatPermeability(cm/hr) 3.3 0.1-0.4 - 0.25-140Waterholdingcapacity(cm/cm) 0.14 .07-0.1 - .01-0.2Bulkdensity(g/cm) 2.65 1.25 1-2 <0.1-0.3pH - 5.7 7.8 3.6-6.0Organicmatter(%) <1 <20 30-70 80-98Cationexchangecapacity 1-3 12-18 66 183-265Totalphosphorus(%) 0 0.09 <0.1 <0.1Totalnitrogen(%) 0 0.15 <1.0 <2.5Filtrationefficiencyafter 18in.(%) 93 94 16 47Copyright2000,CWPFilterMedia

ComparisonofDi57SandFilterSelectionGuide

MostAppropriateOptionbyLandUseFilter

Ultra-

Parking

Roads

Residential

Pervious

Rooftop

urban

lots

Surface Yes Ideal Maybe Maybe No YesUnderground Ideal Yes Maybe Maybe No YesPerimeter Yes Ideal Maybe Maybe No YesPocket Yes Yes Maybe Yes No YesOrganic Maybe Yes No Maybe Maybe YesBioretention Maybe Ideal Yes Yes Yes Yes

Ideal:thebestalternativeYes:greatlysuitableMaybe:maybesuitableundercertainconditionsNo:seldomorneversuitable

Copyright2000,CWPSandFilterSelectionGuide

M58SandFilterSelectionGuide

KeyFeasibilityFactorsFilter

Space

Minimum

Maintenance

Cost

consumed

head

burdenSurface 2-3% 5feet annual moderateUnderground none 4feet semi-annual highPerimeter 2-3% 3feet annual moderatePocket 2-3% 3feet annual moderateOrganic 1-2% 5feet annual high Bioretention 5% 4feet semi-annual lowCopyright2000,CWPSandFilterSelectionGuide

K59SurfaceSandFilter

DesignFeaturesAbovegroundfacilityFirstdevelopedinAustin,TexasWetordrypretreatment(3ft.min.)18inchsandfilterbedExfiltrationorunderdrainsystemConcreteorearthconstructionDesignedtotreatlargerdrainageareasCopyright2000,CWPSurfaceSandFilter

DesignFe60Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright261Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright262Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright263PerimeterSandFilter

DesignFeaturesLocatedattheperimeterofparkinglotsDevelopedoriginallyinDelawareTwoparalleltrenchchambersTwofootwetpoolpretreatment18inchsandfilterbedUnderdrainsystemIdealforsmall,highlyimperviousareasIdealforflatareaswithrelativelylowavailablehead.Copyright2000,CWPPerimeterSandFilter

Design64Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright265Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright266Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright267OrganicFilter

DesignFeaturesAbovegroundfiltersystemOrganicmediumreplacesoraugmentssandPeat&leafcompost,twomostcommonmedia24inchpeat/sandfilterbed18inchcompostfilterbed(proprietarysystem:CSFTreatmentSystems,Inc.)ExfiltrationorunderdrainsystemCovercropdesirableforpeat/sandsystemCopyright2000,CWPOrganicFilter

DesignFeature68PeatSandFiltersPeatQualities:HighcationexchangecapacityHighC:N:Pratio(microbial)Highorganicmattercontent(80-98%)Moderatelydecomposed,fibricorhemic(reed-sedge)StaysinplaceCopyright2000,CWPPeatSandFiltersPeatQualiti69Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright270Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright271Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright272UndergroundSandFilter

DesignFeaturesBelow-groundfacilityDevelopedinDistrictofColumbiaThreefootwetpoolpretreatment24inchsandfilterbedUnderdrainsystemConfinedspaceconsiderationsCopyright2000,CWPUndergroundSandFilter

Desig73Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright274Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright275PocketSandFilter

SystemComponentsSimplifiedlowcostalternativePrimarilyforverysmallsitesLevelspreader,grassfilter,plungepoolpretreatment18inchsandfilterbedExfiltrationorunderdrainsystemCovercropwithpeagravelwindowCopyright2000,CWPPocketSandFilter

SystemCom76Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright277Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright278SandFilterFlowRegulation

Locateoff-linetohandleonlyWQvstormRequiresflowdiversionstructuretobypasslargerstormsDiversionstructurecaneitherbelocatedatfacility(preferred)orupstreamCopyright2000,CWPSandFilterFlowRegulation

L79Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWP80Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWP81SandFilterPretreatment

AlternativeTechniquesforDifferentFilterOptionsSurfacesandandorganicfiltersdrydetentionfor24hours,orwetpoolwithdrydetentionaboveUndergroundsandfilterwetpoolatleast3feetdeep&drydetentionabovePerimetersandfilterwetpoolwith2footdepth&drydetentionabovePocketsandfilterconcretelevelspreader,filterstrip&plungepoolCopyright2000,CWPSandFilterPretreatment

Alte82SandFilterPretreatment

SizingCriteriaAreabasedonWQVCamp-Hazenequation:As=-(Qo/W)*Ln(1-E)As=0.066(WQV)ft2forI<75%As=0.0081(WQV)ft2forI>75%Vmin=3/4(WQV)Copyright2000,CWPSandFilterPretreatment

Sizi83SandFilterbed

SizingCriteriaDarcy’sLawAf=WQV*(df)/[k*(hf+df)(tf)]where:Af=surfaceareaoffilter(ft2)WQV=treatmentvolume(ft3)df=filterbeddepth(ft)-canvarydependingonthesiteconditionsbutshouldnotbemore24"(18"isthestandard)k=coefficientofpermeability(ft/day)hf=averageheadabovefilterbed(ft)-variesdependingonthesiteconditions,butshouldnotexceed6feettf=timetofilterthroughbed(days)-Avalueof40hoursisrecommended

Copyright2000,CWPSandFilterbed

SizingCriter84SandFilterMedia

CoefficientofPermeabilityValuesFilterMediaSandPeat/sandCompostCoefficientofPermeability(k,ft/day)3.52.758.7Copyright2000,CWPSandFilterMedia

Coefficient85SandFilterMedia

DesignComponents18-24inchfilterbed(sandororganic)Covercropforsomeapplicationsgrass-peat/sand,surface,pocketpeagravelwindow-pocketgravelandgeotextile-undergroundObservationwells/cleanoutpipesCopyright2000,CWPSandFilterMedia

DesignComp86SandFilterOverflow

SystemComponentsFlowdistributionvaultorweir6-11inchgravelunderdrainsystem4-6inchperforatedcollectionpipeOverfloworbypassweirorpipeGatevalvefordewateringOutletchamberCopyright2000,CWPSandFilterOverflow

SystemC87SandFilter

ConstructionSpecificationsParameter

Specification

SizeSand ASTMC-33concrete,mediumagg. .02-.04in.Peat Ashcontent:<15% Reed-sedge pHrange:5.2-4.9 hemicpeat Bulkdensity:.12-.15g/ccLeafCompost CFSTreatmentSystems Underdrain gravel AASHTOM-43 1/2-2in.Geotextile fabric ASTMD-751,D-1117,andD-1682 Imperm.Liner ASTMD-751,D-412,D-624,andD-471 30milthickPVCPiping AASHTOM-278 4-6in.(Sch.40)

Copyright2000,CWPSandFilter

ConstructionSpe88SandFilterMaintenanceMaintenanceElementDebriscleanoutVegetationFilterbedchamberSedimentationchamberStructuralcomponentsOutlet/overflowstructuresInspectionFrequencyQuarterlyMonthly(duringgrowingseason)Semi-annuallySemi-annuallyAnnuallyAnnuallyRequiredActionsRemovebuildupRegularmowing,repairerosion,revegetateReplacecloggedsurface,ormanualmanipulationClean-outwhendepth>12in.,limitvegetationheightRepair/replacedamagedcomponentsRepair/replaceclogged/failingelementsCopyright2000,CWPSandFilterMaintenanceMainten89BioretentionAreasEconomicalforsmallsites(1acreorless)EasytoconstructCompatiblewithcommerciallandscapingneedsUtilizesexistingopenspaceLimitedperformancedatasuggestspollutantremovalcomparabletoorbetterthanotherfilteringpracticesCopyright2000,CWPBioretentionAreasEconomicalf90Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright291Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright292Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright293Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright294Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright295Copyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright2000,CWPCopyright296Bioretention

SystemComponentsOff-linedesignPeagravelfilterdiaphragmGrassbufferstripPondingareaPeagraveloverflowdrainOrganiclayer(mulch)PlantingsoilPlantmaterials(trees/shrubs)Gravel/pipeunderdrainsystemCopyright2000,CWPBioretention

SystemC