地质工程专业英语

PAGEPAGE2PAGEPAGE2地形地貌geographicandgeomorphic工程地质条件 engineering conditions地形地貌条件geographic and conditions地形 landform地貌 geomorphology,relief微地貌 microrelief地貌单元 landformunit,geomorphicunit坡度 grade地形图 reliefmap河谷 rivervalley河道 rivercourse河床 riverbed(channel)冲沟 gully,gulley,erosionstream(brook)河漫滩 floodplain(valleyflat)阶地 terrace冲积平原 alluvialplain三角洲 delta古河道 fossilrivercourse,fossilchannel冲积扇 alluvialfan洪积扇 diluvialfan坡积裙 talusapron分水岭 divide盆地 basin岩溶地貌 karstlandfeature,karstlandform溶洞 solutioncave,karstcave落水洞 sinkhole土洞 Karsticearthcave地层岩性地层 geostrome(stratum,strata)岩性 lithologic character, property岩体 rockmass岩层 bedstratum岩层 layer,rockstratum母岩 matrix,parentrock相变 facieschange硬质岩 strongrock,film软质岩 weakrock硬质的 competent软质的 incompetent基岩 bedrock岩组 petrofabric覆盖层 overburden交错层理 crossbedding层面 beddingplane

片理 schistosity层理 bedding板理（叶理）foliation波痕 ripple-mark泥痕 mudcrack雨痕 raindropimprints造岩矿物 rock-formingminerals粘土矿物 claymineral高岭土kaolinite蒙脱石 montmorillonite伊利石 illite云母 mica白云母 muscovite黑云母 biotite石英 quartz长石 feldspar正长石 orthoclase斜长石 plagioclase辉石 pyroxene,picrite角闪石 hornblende方解石 calcite构造 structure结构 texture组构 fabric(tissue)矿物组成 mineralcomposition结晶质 crystalline非晶质 amorphous产状 attitude火成岩 igneous岩浆岩 magmaticrock火ft岩（熔岩）lava火ft 侵入岩 intrusive(invade)rock喷出岩 effusiverock深成岩 plutonicrock浅成岩 pypabysalrock酸性岩 acidrock中性岩 inter-mediaterock基性岩 basicrock超基性岩 ultrabasicrock岩基 rockbase(batholith)岩脉（墙） dike岩株 rockstock岩流 rockflow岩盖 rocklaccolith(laccolite)岩盆 rocklopolith岩墙 rockdike岩床 rocksill岩脉 veindykePAGEPAGE4PAGEPAGE4花岗岩 granite斑岩 porphyry玢岩 porphyrite流纹岩 rhyolite正长岩 syenite粗面岩 trachyte闪长岩 diorite安ft岩 andesite辉长岩 gabbro玄武岩 basalt细晶岩 aplite伟晶岩 pegmatite煌斑岩 lamprophyre辉绿岩 diabase橄榄岩 dunite黑曜岩 obsidian浮岩 pumice火ft角砾岩 vulcanicbreccia火ft集块岩 volcanicagglomerate凝灰岩tuff沉积岩 sedimentaryrock碎屑岩 clasticrock粘土岩 clayrock粉砂质粘土岩siltyclaystone化学岩 chemicalrock生物岩 biolith砾岩 conglomerate角砾岩 breccia砂岩 sandstone石英砂岩 quartzsandstone粉砂岩 siltstone钙质粉砂岩 calcareoussiltstone泥岩 mudstone页岩 shale盐岩 saline石灰岩 limestone白云岩 dolomite泥灰岩 marl泥钙岩 argillo-calcareous泥砂岩 argillo-arenaceous砂质 arenaceous泥质 argillaceous硅质的 siliceous有机质 organicmatter粗粒 coarsegrain中粒 沉积物 sediment(deposit)漂石、顽石 boulder卵石 cobble

砾石 gravel砂 sand粉土 silt粘土 clay粘粒 claygrain砂质粘土 sandyclay粘质砂土 clayeysand壤土、亚粘土loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandyloam浮土、表土 regolith(topsoil)黄土 loess红土 laterite泥灰 peat软泥 ooze淤泥 mire,oozedmud,sludge,clay冲积物（层）alluvion冲积的 alluvial洪积物（层）proluvium,diluvium,diluvion洪积的 diluvial坡积物（层残积物（层）eluvium残积的 eluvial风积物（层）eoliandeposits湖积物（层）lakedeposits海积物（层）marine冰川沉积物（层）glacier(drift)deposits崩积物（层）colluvialdeposits,colluvium残积粘土 residualclay变质岩 metamorphicrock板岩 slate千枚岩 phyllite片岩 schist片麻岩 gneiss石英岩 quartzite大理岩 marble糜棱岩 mylonite混合岩 migmatite碎裂岩 cataclasite地质构造地质构造 geologicstructure结构构造 structuraltexture大地构造 geotectonic构造运动 tectogenesis造ft运动 orogeny升降运动 verticalmovement水平运动 horizontal完整性 perfection(integrity)起伏度 wavinessPAGEPAGE5PAGEPAGE5尺寸效应sizeeffect临空面freeface围压效应confiningpressureeffect碎裂结构cataclastictexture产状要素elementsofattitude板状结构platystructure产状attitude,orientation薄板状lamellose走向strike块状的lumpy,massive倾向dip层状的laminated倾角dipangle,angleofdip巨厚层giantthick-laminated褶皱fold薄层状的finelylaminated褶曲fold软弱夹层weakintercalatedlayer单斜monocline夹层interbedding,向斜 syncline背斜 anticline

layer

intercalated bed, interlayer,intermediatewall正断层逆断层层理地堑地垒擦痕断裂节理裂隙劈理张裂隙剪裂隙裂隙率岩块结构体块度结构面软弱结构面

dome 夹泥层 clayeyintercalationsqueeze 夹泥 inter-clayuppersection 连通性 bottomwall,footwall,lower 切层 insequent影响带 affectingzoneseparation 完整性 integrity ersect Integrate v.&fault degreeofintegralitynormalfault 破碎 crumblereversedfault 胶结 cementparallelfault 泥化 argillizationbedding,stratification 尖灭 taper-outlightstratification 错动 diastrophismgraben 错动层面 faultedbeddingplanehorst,faultridge 断续的 gouge,pug,selvage,faultgouge 破碎 crumblestria,striation 共轭节理 conjugatedjointfracture 散状 loosefracturezone 透镜状的 lens-shaped a.joint 岩石碎片 cragjointset 岩屑 cuttings,debrisfissure,crack 薄膜 membrane,filmfinefissure,microscopicfissure 层理 stratificationcleavage 高角度 highdiporiginaljoint 缓倾角 lowdipangleepigeneticjoint 反倾 anti-diptensionjoint 互层 interbed v.shearjoint Interbedding reliefcrack 起伏的 unplanarfractureporosity 波状起伏的 undulate,undulatingstructuralpattern 粒径 particlesizerockmassstructure 构造层 tectonosphereblockmass 挤压 compressionstructuralelement 均一的 homogeneousblockness 剪切错动面 shearfaulted,beddingzonestructuralplane 切割 dissectionweakplane 切割的 dissectedPAGEPAGE7PAGEPAGE7致密 close,compact构造岩 tectonite糜棱岩 mylonite断层角砾岩 faultbreccia方解石脉 calcitevein碎块岩 clasticrock角砾 breccia岩粉 rockpowder岩屑 debris,debry固结 consolidation定向排列 orientedspread构造应力 tectonicstress残余应力 residualstresshydrogeologicalconditions水文循环 hydrologiccycle大气圈 atmosphere水圈 hydrosphere岩石圈 geosphere地表径流 surfacerunoff地下径流 subsurfacerunoff流域 valley,drainagebasin流域面积 drainagearea,riverbasinarea汇水面积 catchmentarea地下水 groundwater,subsurfacewater地表水 surfacewater大气水 atmosphericwater气态水 aqueous(vapour)water液态水 liquidwater固态水 solidwater上层滞水 perchedwater潜水 phreaticwater承压水 confinedwater吸着水 hygroscopic(adsorptive)water介质 medium空隙 void孔隙水压力 porewaterpressure渗透压力 osmoticpressure,seepageforce扬压力 upliftpressure静水压力 hydrostaticpressure外静水压力 externalhydrostaticpressure动水压力 hydrodynamicpressure渗透力 seepagepressure外水压力externalwater内水压力internalwaterpressure水力联系hydraulicinterrelation水力折减系数hydraulicreductioncoefficient水头损失 waterheadloss渗透途径 filtrationpath,seepagepath渗透系数 penetrationcoefficient

潜水位 watertablelevel水位 waterlevel,stagelevel水头 waterhead含水层 aquifer弱含水层（弱透水层）aquitard滞水层 aquiclude透水层 permeablelayer,perviouslayer（隔水层）aquifuge,imperviouslayer,impermeable layer,aquiclude潜水含水层 phreaticaquifer承压含水层 confined aquifer, aquifer承压面 bearingsurface潜水面 phreaticsurface,watertable浸润线 phreaticcurve不透水边界 imperviousboundary地下分水岭 groundwaterridge粘滞性 viscosity富水性 abundance透水性（渗透性）permeability淋滤（溶滤作用）lixiviation,leaching反滤层 invertedgravelfilter水锈 incrustation渗滴 seep饱和 saturation,saturated潜水位变化带zoneofvariablephreaticlevel气象因素 meteorologicalfactor饱水带 zoneofsaturation包气带 aerationzone,zoneofaeration包气带水aerationzonewater上层滞水 perchedwater孔隙水 porewater裂隙水 fissurewater岩溶水 karsticwater结合水 boundwater,combinedwater吸着水 hydroscopicwater薄膜水 pellicularwater毛细水 capillarywater重力水 gravitationalwater凝结水 condensationwater地下水埋藏条件condition of occurrence地下水埋藏深度depth of occurrence压水试验 packerpermeabilitytest抽水试验 pumpingtest物理力学性质物理力学physicalmechanics n.PAGE9PAGE9PAGEPAGE9Physico-mechanical a.屈服准则 yieldcriteria米赛斯屈服准则VonMisesyieldcriteria朗肯土压力理论Ranking’s earth pressuretheory剑桥模型Cambridgemodel,Cam-model邓肯-张模型Duncan-changmodel本构方程constitutiveequation局部剪切破坏localshearfailure整体剪切破坏generalshearfailure岩体完整性指数intactnessindexofrockmass安全系数factorofsafety埋深embedmentdepth试件coupons挠度deflection里氏震级Richterscale设计烈度designintensity基本烈度basicintensity场地烈度siteintensity地震烈度seismicintensity,intensityscale卓越周期predominantperiod持力层sustainedyield超载surcharge围岩压力surroundingrockstress附加压力superimposedstress应力松弛stressrelaxation应力路迳stresspath卸荷 unload渗透率specific饱和度degreeofsaturation含水量moisturecontent平均粒径meandiameter颗粒grain,granule,particle颗粒级配 distributionofgrain-size,graincomposition,sizedistribution级配 graduation,grain-size distribution, gradation,grading粒度coarsenessgrainsize,granularity,lump不均匀系数 coefficientofvariationcoefficient,variationfactor颗粒分级gradation,sizegrading孔隙水 pore孔隙比voidratio(ration)空隙率airvoids孔隙率porosity裂隙率crackity溶隙率karstity密度density

重度unitweight,bulkweight浮重度buoyantunitweight折减系数 reductionfactor压力消散 dissipationofpressure抗力系数 coefficientofresistance软化系数 softeningcoefficient含水量 watercontent稠度 consistency塑限plasticlimit液限liquidlimit塑性指数plasticityindex液性指数liquidityindex流变 rheological蠕变 creep塑性plastic脆性brittleness(fragility)粘性stickness刚性rigidity弹性的 elastic粘弹性 viso-elasticity弹塑性 elasto-plasticity压缩性 compressibility均质性homogeneity非均质性nonhomogeneity(heterogeneity)各向同性isotropy各向异性anisotropy总应力 totalstress有效应力 effectivestress超孔隙水压力excessporepressure孔隙水压力 porewaterpressure抗压强度compressivestrength抗拉强度tensilestrength抗剪强度 shearstrength不排水抗剪强度undrainedshearstrenght峰值抗剪强度peaksharestrength长期抗剪强度long-termshearstrength残余抗剪强度residualshearstrength负摩擦力negativeskinfriction,dragdown摩擦角 angleoffriction内摩擦角angleofinternalfriction外摩擦角angleofexternalfriction内聚力cohesion粘聚力 cohesion假凝聚力粘着力 adhesion摩尔圆 Mohr’scircle包络线 envelope休止角 angleofrepose,angleoffriction(repose,rest),reposePAGE10PAGE10PAGEPAGE10angle峰值 peak模量 modulus弹性模量 modulusofmodulus,elasticmodulus压缩模量 modulusofcompressibility变形模量 modulusofdeformation卸荷模量unloading切线模量tangentmodulus剪切模量shearmodulus割线模量secantmodulus旁压模量pressurmetermodulus泊松比 poisson’sration固结 consolidation固结系数 coefficientofconsolidation固结度degreeofconsolidation超固结比 overconsolidationration应变 strain压缩比 compressibilityratio压缩系数 coefficientofcompressibility压缩指数 compressionindex初始曲线 virgincurve正常固结土normallyconsolidatedsoil欠固结土under-consolidatedsoil超固结土over-consolidatedsoil被动土压力passiveearthpressure主动土压力activeearthpressure静止土压力earthpressureatrest覆盖压力overburdenpressure初始应力initialstress地应力场ground(geostatic)stressfield有效应力effective动应力dynamicstress动荷载dynamicload偏心荷载eccentricloads循环荷载inclinedloads地应力 groundstress,geostaticstress初始应力 initialstress应力场 stressfield纵波longitudinalwave液化势liquefactionpotential液化指数liquefactionindex交角angular岩石抗力系数coefficientofrockresistance容许承载力allowablebearingcapacity临塑压力criticalpressure接触压力contact6工程地质问题工程地质问题engineeringgeologicalproblem

定性评价 qualitativeestimate定量评价 quantitativeestimate极限平衡法 limitequilibriummethod不良地质现象 unfavorable condition风化 weathering变形 deformation位移 displacement不均匀位移differentialmovement相对位移relativedisplacement沉陷 settlementft崩 avalanche,toppling崩塌 toppling,topplingcollapse滑坡、地滑 creep,slide切层滑坡 insequentlandslide深层滑坡 deepslide浅层滑坡 shallowslide顺层滑坡 consequentlandslide滑动面sliding surface, sliding plane, slipsurface滑动带 slidingzone滑床 slidebed滑坡体 slide(sliding)mass古滑坡 fossillandslide推移式滑坡 slumpingslide牵引式滑坡 retrogressiveslide管涌 piping,internalerosion渗漏 leakage流砂 quicksand渗流 seepage液化 liquefaction工程勘察engineeringinvestigation工程地质勘察engineeringgeologyinvestigation岩土工程勘察geotechnicalinvestigation工程地质条件engineeringgeologicalcondition工程地质评价engineeringgeologicalevaluationsurvey岩芯采取率corerecovery,coreextraction岩芯获得率RQD（岩石质量指标）rockqualitydesignation程序（步骤）procedure勘察阶段investigationalstage选点踏勘 reconnaissance初步设计 primarydesign初步规划 preliminaryscheme初步勘探 preliminaryprospecting初步踏勘 groundreconnaissance可行性研究阶段feasibilitystagePAGE12PAGE12PAGEPAGE12初步设计阶段preliminarystage施工阶段constructionsage踏勘reconnaissance,inspection地质测绘geologicalsurvey工程地质测绘engineeringgeologicalmapping钻探boreholeoperation,boring物探geophysicalexploration洞探exploratoryadits钎探rodsounding坑探exploringminingtrenching天然建材调查natural materials (examination)岩土工程勘察报告geotechnicalinvestigationreport鉴定identification,appraisal鉴定书expertisereport鉴定人identifier,surveyor校核verification总监chiefinspector比例proportion地形图geographicmap地貌图geomorphologicalmap地质图geologicalmap工程地质图engineeringgeologicalmap实测地质剖面图field-acquired profile(section)构造地质图geologicalstructuremap第四纪地质图quarternarygeologicalmap地质详图detailmapofgeology地质柱状图geologiccolumnarsection,geologiclog钻孔柱状图logsofborehole纵剖面图longitudinalsection横剖面图crosssection展示图revealdetailmap节理玫瑰图roseofjoints基岩等高线bedrockcontour层底等高线contourofstratumbottom岩层界线strataboundary岩面高程elevationofbedrocksurface坐标coordinate分层bedseparation地质点geologicalobservationpoint勘探点exploratorypoint(spot)勘探线exploratoryline勘探孔explorationhole

平洞adit竖井riser,shaft,verticalshaft探槽exploratorytrench探井exploratorypit钻孔borehole,drillhole机钻孔ordinarydrillhole套钻孔sleevedrillhole管钻孔pipedrillhole岩芯core岩芯钻探coredrilling回转钻探（进）rotarydrilling冲击钻探churndrilling,percussiondrilling钢砂钻探shotdrilling铁砂钻进ironshotdrilling跟管钻进follow-downdrilling振动钻进vibro-boring,vibro-drilling泥浆钻探mudflushdrilling金刚石钻进diamond单动式singleacting双层doublelayer空气钻探airflushdrilling钻机drillingrig钻头drillbit,drillingbit螺旋钻头auger勺钻spoonbit冲击钻头percussionbit,choppingbit桶式钻头bucketauger钻杆drillrod套管casing岩芯管corebarrel冲洗掖flushfluid正循环冲洗directcirculation反循环冲洗reversecirculationmud,slurry泥皮mudcake护壁dado止水seal,waterseal扫孔cleaningbottomofhole钻进 drilling平硐 adit竖井 shaft钻探 drillingboring工程地质试验击实试验 compactiontest压缩试验compressiontest固结试验consolidationtest单轴试验 uniaxialcompressiontest现场剪切试验in-situsheartest单剪试验 simplesheartestPAGE14PAGE14PAGEPAGE14直剪试验 directsheartest慢剪试验slowtest单剪试验simplesheartest快剪试验quicktest三轴剪切试验triaxialsheartest三轴压缩试验triaxialcompressiontest动三轴试验 dynamictriaxialtest不固结不排水剪试验unconsolidatedundrainedtest(quicktest)固结不排水剪试验consolidatedundrainedtest(consolidatedquicktest)固结排水试验consolidateddrainedtest(slowtest)原位测试in-situtest现场监测on-site(in-site)monitoring现场检测on-site(in-site)inspection观测孔observationborehole静力触探试验conepenetrationstaticpenetrationtest,staticconetest标贯试验 standardpenetrationtest十字板剪切试验vanesheartest,vane检层法up-holemethod,boreholemethod旁压试验pressuremetertest动力触探试验dynamic penetration test, dynamicsounding点荷载试验pointloadtest岩石试验rocktest应力解除法 stressreliefmethod应力恢复法 stressrecoverymethod套孔法 over-coringmethod岩土体加固掌子面breast,drivingface,headingface,tunnelface顶拱vault底拱invert洞室开挖excavation超挖overbreak风钻pneumaticdrill开挖断面excavatedsection塌落slump细骨料混凝土concretemadewithfineaggregate细骨料fineaggregate,fineadjustment料场stockground土料earthmaterial矿渣cinder,mineralwaterresidue,scoria,slag性能function,performance,property,nature凝结 coagulate, congeal, coagulation

合格qualified,ontest,uptostandard初凝initialset初凝时间initialsettingtime终凝finalset配合比mixproportion塌落度slump水化热 heatofhydration,hydrationheat,settingheat水灰比water-cementratio粉煤灰flyash梅花状quincuncialpattern喷射shotcrete浇注pouring钢筋网coiremesh加固reinforce锚杆anchoredbar,rockbolt锚索anchoredcable锚紧端anchoranchoredpeg采石场rockquarry开挖excavation清基cleanupfoundation明挖open-cut爆破explosion光面爆破smoothblasting预裂法presplitting水工概论toeof坝踵 heel坝段monolith坝顶crest坝肩shoulders左坝肩leftdamabutment副坝saddledam三坝址thethirddamsite标高heightmark上游水位headwater正常库水位normalreservoirlevel地下洞室 undergroundopening(tunnel)压力隧洞pressure无压隧洞gravitytunnel交通洞accesstunnel灌浆洞groutingtunnel明流洞free-flow孔板洞orificetunnel排砂洞sedimenttunnel尾水洞tailracetunnel排水洞drainagetunnel导流洞diversionPAGE16PAGE16PAGEPAGE16隧道 tunnel围岩 surroundingrock,ambientrock围岩应力 secondarystressstatic应力集中 stressconcentrate覆盖层 overburden冒顶 cavein,rooffall底鼓 bottomheave回弹 rebound岩爆 rockburst冻结法 freezingmethod超载 overbreak衬砌 lining围堰 cofferdam堤 dike近坝岸坡 abutments施工（收缩）缝constructionjoint心墙 core截水墙 cutoffwall防渗墙diaphragmwall排水井drainagewells排水幕 drainagecurtain减压井reliefwells反滤层filterzone灌浆材料grout水力劈裂 hydraulicfracturing帷幔线curtainline上游围堰upstreamcofferdam混凝土防渗墙concretecutoffwall截流interimcompletion导水墙channeltrainingwall正常溢洪道渠首工程servicespillwayheadwork消力塘linedplungepool隔墙dividerwalls混凝土护坦concreteapron副厂房auxiliarypowerhouse闸门室gatechamber中闸室midgatechamber开关站switchyard电梯井elevator尾水渠tailrace非常溢洪道emergencyspillway桥梁及基础工程江阴大桥Jiangyin悬索桥suspensionbridgeanchorage重力式嵌岩锚gravitysocketedanchorage北锚碇前（后）锚面front(back)surfaceofnorthernanchorage塔墩tower

墩 pier散索鞍splaysaddle猫道footbridgemaincablecable主鞍mainsaddle,towersaddle主跨mainspan边跨sidespan引桥approach钢箱梁steelboxmaingirder埋深 embedmentdepth北塔墩基础northtowerbase基础 foundation,footing浅基础 shallowfoundation深基础 deepfoundation联合基础 combinedfooting筏形基础raft(mat)foundation钢模steelform桩pile基桩 foundationpile群桩pilegroups桩基础pilefoundation桩承台 pilecap高桩承台 high-risepilecap低桩承台 buriedpilecap摩擦桩 frictionpile端承桩 endbearingpile嵌岩桩 socketedpile板桩 sheetpile旋喷桩 jet-groutedpile灌注桩 cast-in-placepile沉管灌注桩 drivencast-in-placepile支护桩 soldierpiles,tangent刚性桩rigidpile柔性桩flexiblepile侧向受荷桩laterallyloadedpile轴向受荷桩axiallyloadedpile预制桩precastconcretepile振动打桩 vibratorypiledriving振动钻进 vibratorydrilling沉箱 caisson沉井（沉箱）(open)caisson地下连续墙 diaphragmwall,slurrywall支撑 bracing超载 surcharge接触应力 contactpressure井点降水 well-pointdewatering桩极限承载力ultimatebearingcapacityofpile承载力 bearingcapacityPAGE17PAGE17PAGEPAGE17阻力 resistance桩端阻力 endresistance外表摩擦力 skinfriction粘着系数 adhesionfactor负摩擦力 negativeskinfriction安全系数 factorofsafety压缩层 compressedlayer附加应力 additionalstress,stress持力层 bearinglayer,sustaininglayer地基土 foundationsoil,subsoil临塑压力 criticalpressure剪切破坏 shearfailure地基失效 foundationfailure冲剪破坏 punchingfailure渐进破坏 progressivefailure容许荷载 allowableload极限承载力 ultimatebearingcapacity沉降 settlement沉降差 differentialsettlement尾部倾斜 angulardistortion倾斜 tilting坑底隆起 bottomheave静止土压力 earthpressureatrest稳定数 stabilitynumber路堤 embankment地基处理 ground treatment improvement垫层 cushion加固 stabilization注浆 injection灌浆 guniting帷幕 curtain挡土墙 retainingwall锚固 anchoring喷浆 guniting锚杆 earthanchor盲沟 Frenchdrain振冲法 vibrojet监测仪器观测孔 observationbore/hole仪器观测 instrumentation读数装置 readoutdevice传感器 transducer探头 probe压力盒 pressurecell振弦式应变计vibratingwirestraingauge伸长计、变位计extensionmeter板式沉降仪 foundationbase/pate

测斜仪测压计，渗压计piezometer垂线plumb垂直度plumbness安全监控可靠性检查 reliabilitychecking监控模型 monitoring and model监测 monitoring资料 datum, data可靠性 reliability稳定性 stability安全 safety评估 evaluation,appraise评定 assessment,assess,rate评价准则 criterion灾害 hazard,calamity确定性方法论Deterministicmethodology应急行动方案EAP(emergencyaction事故 accident紧急状态 emergency紧急检查 emergencyinspection灾情等级 hazardclassification灾害评价