2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题

2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题（总分:100.00,做题时间：180分钟）一、SectionIUseofEnglish（总题数：1,分数：10.00）It'snotdifficulttosettargetsforstaff.Itismuchharder, 1 ,tounderstandtheirnegativeconsequences.Mostwork-relatedbehaviorshavemultiplecomponents. 2 oneandtheothersbecomedistorted.TravelonaLondonbusandyouf11 3seehowthisworkswithdrivers.Watchpeoplegetonandshowtheirtickets.Aretheycarefullyinspected?Never.Dopeoplegetonwithoutpaying?Ofcourse!Arethereinspectorsto4thatpeoplehavepaid?Possibly,butveryfew.Andpeoplewhorunforthebus?Theyare5 .Howaboutjumpinglights?Busesdosoalmostasfrequentlyascyclists.Why?Becausethetargetis6 .Peoplecomplainedthatbuseswerelateandinfrequent. 7 ,thenumberofbusesandbuslaneswereincreased,anddriverswere8orpunishedaccordingtothetimetheytook.Anddrivershitthesetargets.Butthey9 hitcyclists.Ifthetargetwaschangedto10 ,youwouldhavemoreinspectorsandmoresensitivepricing.Ifthecriterionchangedtosafety,youwouldgetmore11driverswhoobeyedtrafficlaws.Butboththesecriteriawouldbeattheexpenseoftime.Thereisanother 12 :peoplebecameimmenselyinventiveinhittingtargets.Haveyou13 thatyoucanleaveonaflightanhourlatebutstillarriveontime?Tailwinds?Ofcoursenot!Airlineshavesimplychangedthetimea 14 ismeanttotake.Aone-hourflightisnowballadasatwo-hourflight.The 15 ofthestoryissimple.Mostjobsaremultidimensional,withmultiplecriteria.Chooseonecriterionandyoumaywell 16 others.Everythingcanbedonefasterandmadecheaper,butthereisa 17 .Settingtargetscananddoeshaveunforeseennegativeconsequences.Thisisnotanargumentagainsttarget-setting.Butitisanargumentforexploringconsequencesfirst.Allgoodtargetsshouldhavemultiplecriteria 18 criticalfactorssuchastime,money,qualityandcustomerfeedback.Thetrickisnotonlyto 19 justoneoreventwodimensionsoftheobjective,butalsotounderstandhowtohelppeoplebetter 20theobjective.（分数：10.0）.（分数：0.5）thereforehowever正确答案againmoreover解析：逻辑关系题。观察选项可知，本题考查逻辑关系。比较前后两句语义，即It'snotdifficultto...（做 不难）和itismuchharderto...（做 难得多），由notdifficult和muchharder可知,前后两句语义相反，B项however（提示转折关系）符合原文逻辑关系。本题答案为B项。干扰选项：A项therefore（因此）提示因果关系，C项again（又、再）提示并列关系，D项moreover（而且）提示递进关系，均不符合原文逻辑关系。.（分数：0.5）Emphasize正确答案B.IdentifyAssessExplain解析：逻辑关系题。句中one和theother提示对比关系，and前后语义相反。由and后的theothersbecomedistorted（其余的就被扭曲了）可知，A项Emphasize（强调）符合原文逻辑关系，即，强调一个，其余则被忽略扭曲。本题答案为A项。干扰选项：B项Identify（识别），C项Assess（评估）,D项Explain（解释）均不符合原文逻辑关系。.（分数：0.5）nearlycuriouslyeagerlyquickly正确答案解析：语境题。代词this指代前一句的观点，即，设定目标会带来负面后果：只强调一点，其余则被忽略扭曲。本句是对该观点的举例论述。对比各项语义：A项nearly（几乎），B项curiously（好奇地），C项eagerly（渴望地）和D项quickly（快速地）。其中D项符合原文语义，即：坐上伦敦公交车，你很快就会看到这点是如何体现在司机身上的（TravelonaLondonbusandyou'11quicklyseehowthisworkswithdrivers）。本题答案为D项。.（分数：0.5）claimprovecheck正确答案recall解析：语境题。观察本段句式特点，可知，本段首句（Watchpeoplegetonandshowtheirtickets）与下文为总分关系。作者随后以自问自答的形式，引出在公交车上乘车买票这一场景中几个群体的表现。由前文Dopeoplegetonwithoutpaying?Ofcourse!（人们会逃票上车吗？当然！）对乘客表现的提问可知，本句要对检票员（inspectors）是否尽到检票责任提问。因此C项check（检查）符合原文语义。本题答案为C项。干扰选项：A项claim（宣称），B项prove（证明）和D项recall（记起）均不符合原文语义。.（分数:0.5）threatenedignored正确答案mockedblamed解析：语境题。借助前文Arethereinspectorsto4thatpeoplehavepaid?Possibly,butveryfew（有检察员检查大家是否支付吗？可能有，但是很少）可知，本句对赶公交的人这个群体的提问也涉及到是否买票的问题。根据前文中各个群体的表现可知，他们买票与否很可能也无人注意。B项ignored（被忽视）符合语义，本题答案为B项。干扰选项：A项threatened（被威胁），C项mocked（被嘲弄）和D项blamed（被责备）均不符合原文语义。.（分数：0.5）A.punctuality正确答案B.hospitalityC.competitionD.innovation解析：逻辑关系题。本句为段首句，本段下文与段首句为总分关系，语义一致。借助下文中driverswere 8orpunishedaccordingtothetimetheytook（司机根据所用的时长获得 8或惩罚），以及Anddrivershittheirtargets（司机们达到他们的目标），可知，本句的target（目标）与时间有关。A项punctuality（准时）符合原文逻辑关系。干扰选项：B项hospitality（好客），C项competition（竞争）和D项innovation（创新）均不符合原文逻辑关系。.（分数:0.5）YesSo正确答案BesidesStill解析：逻辑关系题。观察选项可知，本题考查句间逻辑关系。比较前后两句语义，即Peoplecomplainedthatbuseswerelateandinfrequent（人们抱怨公交车晚点且班次较少）和thenumberofbusesandbuslaneswereincreased（公交车和公交车道的数量增加），可知二者为因果关系，即，人们抱怨为因，增加公交车数量为果。B项So（所以）符合原文逻辑关系。本题答案为B项。干扰选项:A项Yes（确实如此）,C项Besides（此外）和D项Still（仍然）均不符合原文逻辑关系。.（分数:0.5）hiredtrainedrewarded正确答案grouped解析：逻辑关系题。or（或者）提示选择关系，由or后面的punished（惩罚）可知，C项rewarded（奖励）符合原文逻辑，即，根据所花时长，司机们或接受奖励或遭受惩罚。本题答案为C项。干扰选项：A项hired（被雇佣），B项trained（被培训）和D项grouped（被分组）均不符合原文逻辑关系。.（分数：0.5）onlyratheroncealso正确答案解析：逻辑关系题。观察选项可知，本题考查句间逻辑关系。比较上句drivershitthesetargets与本句they9hitcyclists,可发现，hit为原词复现，提示两句为平行结构，D项also（也）符合原文逻辑，即，两个hit两个目标：前者hit到的是真正目标；后者hit到的是cyclists,意为误撞。由此引出设定目标带来的负面后果。本题答案为D项。干扰选项：A项only（只有），B项rather（宁可）和C项once（一旦）均不符合原文语义。.（分数：0.5）comfortrevenue正确答案C.efficiencyD.security解析：语境题。根据后半句youwouldhavemoreinspectorsandmoresensitivepricing（你将会看到更多检票员和更敏感的价格）可知,本题与金钱有关。B项revenue（收益）符合原文语义。本题答案为B项。干扰选项：A项comfort（舒适），C项efficiency（效率）和D项security（安全）均不符合原文语义。.（分数：0.5）friendlyquietcautious正确答案diligent解析：语境题。本句选项均为修饰drivers（司机）的形容词，根据本句Ifthecriterionchangedtosafety（如果把标准改为安全性）可知,修饰司机的形容词需要体现司机安全驾驶的能力。因此D项cautious（谨慎的）符合原文语义，即，你将会看到更加谨慎且遵守交通规则的司机。本题答案为C项。干扰选项：A项friendly（友好的），B项quiet（安静的）和D项diligent（勤勉的）均不符合原文语义。.（分数:0.5）purposeproblem正确答案prejudicepolicy解析：逻辑关系题。another提示本句与前文语义一致。根据上句Butboththesecriterionwouldbeattheexpenseoftime（止匕处criterion可理解为target,意为：但这两个标准都将以牺牲时间为代价），可知，前文在说设立目标所致的负面影响。B项problem（问题）可与前文的负面影响进行呼应，符合原文逻辑关系。本题答案为B项。干扰选项：A项purpose（目的），C项prejudice（偏见）和D项policy（政策）均不符合原文逻辑关系。.（分数:0.5）reportedrevealedC.admittednoticed正确答案解析：语境题。比较各项语义，A项reported（报道），B项revealed（揭露），C项admitted（承认）和D项noticed（注意到），可知，D项符合原文语义，即：你是否注意到，飞机起飞迟了一小时，却仍然准时到达？本题答案为D项。.（分数：0.5）breaktrip正确答案departuretransfer解析：语境题。根据13题所在句语义“飞机起飞迟了一小时，却仍然准时到达”，及下句Aone-hourflightisnowbilledasatwo-hourflight（一小时的航程按两个小时收费）可知，此处，航空公司改变的是trip（旅程、航程）应花的时长。本题答案为B项。干扰选项：A项break（休息），C项departure（离开）和D项transfer（转移）均不符合原文语义。.（分数：0.5）moral正确答案backgroundstyleD.form解析：语境题。thestory指代前文航空公司为准时到达而修改航班实际时长，本句是对该故事的总结。A项moral（寓意）与story组成“themoralofthestory",意为”该故事的寓意”，符合原文语义。本题答案为A。干扰选项：B项background（背景），C项style（风格）和D项form（形式）均不符合原文语义。.（分数：0.5）interpretB.criticizesacrifice正确答案tolerate解析：逻辑关系题。one和others提示对比，and前后内容语义相反。而且，本句与前一句所组成的结构“Mostjobsaremultidimensional,withmultiplecriteria.Chooseonecriterionandyoumaywell16others”与首段最后两句的结构Mostwork-relatedbehaviorshavemultiplecomponents.2oneandtheothersbecomedistorted相似，语义也相近。借助首段对应部分的theothersbecomedistorted可知,C项符合原文逻辑关系,即：选择一个标准，你可能就要牺牲另一个。本题答案为C项。干扰选项：A项interpret（诠释），B项criticize（批评）和D项tolerate（容忍），均不符合原文逻辑关系。.（分数:0.5）tasksecretproductcost正确答案解析：逻辑关系题。本句中的but提示前后语义相反。由前半句Everythingcanbedonefasterandmadecheaper（每件事都可以完成得很快，成本很低）可知，D项cost（代价）符合原文逻辑关系，即：但这是有代价的。本题答案为D项。干扰选项：A项task（任务），B项secret（秘密）和C项product（产品）均不符合原文逻辑关系。.（分数：0.5）leadingtocallingforrelatingto正确答案D.accountingfor解析：语境题。本题考查连接multiplecriteria和criticalfactors的形容词短语语义。比较各选项语义，A项leadingto（导致），B项callingfor（要求），C项relatingto（关于）和D项accountingfor（对……作出解释），可知，C项符合原文语义，即，所有好的目标都应具有与关键因素（如时间、金钱、质量和用户反馈）相关的多个标准。本题答案为C项。.（分数：0.5）specify正确答案predictrestorecreate解析：逻辑关系题。notonly...butalso提示递进关系，借助understand可知，先确定目标才能进一步理解目标，所以A项specify（明确规定）符合原文逻辑关系，即，诀窍是不仅要确定目标的一个甚至两个方面，而且要理解……。本题答案为A项。干扰选项：B项predict（预测）,C项restore（恢复）和D项create（创造）均不符合原文逻辑关系。.（分数：0.5）modifyreviewpresentachieve正确答案解析：语境题。比较各项语义，A项modify（修改），B项review（复习）和C项present（展示）和D项achieve（实现），可知D项最符合原文语义，即，实现目标（achievetheobjective）o本题答案为Do二、SectionIIReadingComprehension（总题数：0,分数：0.00）三、PartA（总题数：4,分数：40.00）Text1“Reskilling“issomethingthatsounds1ikeabuzzwordbutisactuallyarequirementifweplantohaveafuturewherealotofwould-beworkersdonotgetleftbehind.Weknowwearemovingintoaperiodwherethejobsindemandwi11changerapidly,aswilltherequirementsofthejobsthatremain.ResearchbytheWorldEconomicForumfindsthatonaverage42percentofthe“coreskills“withinjobroleswillchangeby2022.Thatisaveryshorttimeline.Thequestionofwhoshouldpayforreskillingisathornyone.Forindividualcompanies,thetemptationisalwaystoletgoofworkerswhoseskillsarenolongerindemandandreplacethemwiththosewhoseskillsare.Thatdoesnotalwayshappen.AT&Tisoftengivenasthegoldstandardofacompanythatdecidedtodoamassivereskillingprogramratherthangowithafire-and-hirestrategy.Othercompanieshadalsopledgedtocreatetheirownplans.Whentheskillsmismatchisinthebroadereconomy,though,thefocususuallyturnstogovernmenttohandle.EffortsinCanadaandelsewherehavebeenarguablylanguidatbest,andhavegivenusasituationwherewefrequentlyhearofemployersbeggingforworkers,evenattimesandinregionswhereunemploymentishigh.Withthepandemic,unemploymentisveryhighindeed.InFebruary,at3.5percentand5.5percentrespectively,unemploymentratesinCanadaandtheUnitedStateswereatgenerationallowsandworkershortageswereeverywhere.AsofMay,thoserateshadspikedupto13.3percentand13.7percent,andalthoughmanyworkershortageshaddisappeared,notallhaddoneso.Inthemedicalfield,totakeanobviousexample,thepandemicmeantthattherewerestillclearshortagesofdoctors,nursesandothermedicalpersonnel.Ofcourse,itisnotlikeyoucantakeanunemployedwaiterandtrainhimtobeadoctorinafewweeks.Butevenifyoucannotclosethatgap,maybeyoucancloseothers,anddoingsowouldbetothebenefitofallconcerned.ThatseemstobethecaseinSweden:Whenforcedtofurlough90percentoftheircabinstaff,ScandinavianAiriinesdecidedtostartupashortretrainingprogramthatreskilledthelaid-offworkerstosupporthospitalstaff.TheeffortwasacollectiveoneandinvolvedothercompaniesaswellasaSwedishuniversity.（分数：10）.ResearchbytheWorldEconomicForumsuggests.（分数：2）A.acontroversyaboutthe“coreskills”anincreaseinfull-timeemploymentanurgentdemandfornewjobskills正确答案D.asteadygrowthofjobopportunities解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词ResearchbytheWorldEconomicForum定位到第一段③句，由42percentofthe"coreskills”withinjobroleswillchange可知大量工作"核心技能”将发生变化。C项anurgentdemandfornewjobskills对新工作技能的迫切需求）符合题意。所以本题选C。.AT&Tiscitedtoshow .（分数：2）animmediateneedforgovernmentsupportanalternativetothefire-and-hirestrategy正确答案thecharacteristicsofreskillingprogramstheimportanceofstaffappraisalstandards解析：本题为例证题。根据题干关键词AT&T定位到第二段④句：AT&Tisoftengivenasthegoldstandardofacompanythatdecidedtodoamassivereskillingprogramratherthangowithafire-and-hirestrategy°B项analternativetothefire-and-hirestrategy（解雇和雇佣策略的替代方案）是对ratherthangowithafire-and-hirestrategy（而不是推行解雇和雇佣策略）的同义替换。所以本题选B。.EffortstoresolvetheskillsmismatchinCanada.（分数:2）A.haveappearedtobeinsufficient正确答案B.havedrivenuplabourcostsC.haveprovedtobeinconsistentD.havemetwithfierceopposition解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词skillsmismatch、Canada定位到第二段⑦句：EffortsinCanadaandelsewherehavebeenarguablylanguidatbest,andhavegivenusasituationwherewefrequentlyhearofemployersbeggingforworkers,evenattimesandinregionswhereunemploymentishighA项haveappearedtobeinsufficient（似乎不够）是对⑦句中languid（虚弱无力的），以及uemployersbeggingforworkersVSunemploymentishigh（雇主缺人VS失业率高）”这一困境的合理概括。所以本题选A。.WecanlearnfromParagraph3thattherewas.（分数：2）A.asignofeconomicrecoveryB.acallforpolicyadjustmentachangeinhiringpracticesalackofmedicalworkers正确答案解析：本题为细节题。根据题干Paragraph3定位到第三段。本段①句是论点”疫情期间失业率很高”。②③句是数据论据;④句是事例论据，以医疗领域为例，证明人员的紧缺。D项alackofmedicalworkers（医疗工作者短缺）对应④句therewerestillclearshortagesofdoctors,nursesandothermedicalpersonnel所以本题选D。（5）.ScandinavianAirlinesdecidedto.（分数:2）A.createjobvacanciesfortheunemployedB.retraintheircabinstaffforbetterservicesC.preparetheirlaid-offworkersforotherjobs正确答案D.financetheirstaff'scollegeeducation解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词ScandinavianAirlinesdecidedto定位到第四段③句ScandinavianAirlinesdecidedtostartupashortretrainingprogramthatreskilledthelaid-offworkerstosupporthospitalstaffoC项preparetheirlaid-offworkersforotherjobs（帮助他们的失业员工为其它工作做准备）对应③句reskiliedthelaid-offworkerstosupporthospitalstaff所以本题选C。Text2Withtheglobalpopulationpredictedtohitcloseto10billionby2050,andforecaststhatagriculturalproductioninsomeregionswillneedtonearlydoubletokeeppace,foodsecurityisincreasinglymakingheadlines.IntheUK,ithasbecomeabigtalkingpointrecentlytoo,foraratherparticularreason:Brexit.BrexitisseenbysomeasanopportunitytoreversearecenttrendtowardstheUKimportingfood.Thecountryproducesonlyabout60percentofthefooditeats,downfromalmostthree-quartersinthelate1980s.Amovebacktoself-sufficiency,theargumentgoes,wouldboostthefarmingindustry,politicalsovereigntyandeventhenation'shealth.Soundsgreat—buthowfeasibleisthisvision?AccordingtoareportonUKfoodproductionfromtheUniversityofLeeds,UK,85percentofthecountry*stotallandareaisassociatedwithmeatanddairyproduction.Thatsupplies80percentofwhatisconsumed,soevencoveringthewholecountryin1ivestockfarmswouldn'tallowustocoverallourmeatanddairyneeds.Therearemanycaveatstothosefigures,buttheyarestillgrave.Tobecomemuchmoreself-sufficient,theUKwouldneedtodrasticallyreduceitsconsumptionofanimalfoods,andprobablyalsofarmmoreintensively—meaningfewergreenfields,andmorefactory-styleproduction.Butswitchingtoamainlyplant-baseddietwouldn'thelp.ThereisagoodreasonwhytheUKisdominatedbyanimalhusbandry:mostofitsterraindoesn'thavetherightsoi1orclimatetogrowcropsonacommercialbasis.Just25percentofthecountry'slandissuitableforcrop-growing,mostofwhichisalreadyoccupiedbyarablefields.Evenifweconvertedallthesuitablelandtofieldsoffruitandveg-whichwouldinvolvetakingoutallthenaturereservesandremovingthousandsofpeoplefromtheirhomes-wewouldachieveonlya30percentboostincropproduction.Just23percentofthefruitandvegetablesconsumedintheUKarecurrentlyhome-grown,soevenwiththemostextrememeasureswecouldmeetonly30percentofourfreshproduceneeds.Thatisbeforewelookforthespacetogrowthegrains,sugars,seedsandoilsthatprovideuswiththevastbulkofourcurrentcalorieintake.（分数：10）.Somepeoplearguethatfoodself-sufficiencyintheUKwould.（分数:2）A.behinderedbyitspopulationgrowthcontributetothenation'swell-being止确答案becomeapriorityofthegovernmentD.poseachallengetoitsfarmingindustry解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词foodself-sufficiency定位到第二段③句：Amovebacktoself-sufficiency,theargumentgoes,wouldboostthefarmingindustry,politicalsovereigntyandeventhenation,shealthocontributeto是对boost的同义替换，well-being是对health的同义替换。所以本题选B。.ThereportbytheUniversityofLeedsshowsthatintheUK（分数：2）farmlandhasbeeninefficientlyutilizedfactory-styleproductionneedsreformingmostlandisusedformeatanddairyproduction正确答案moregreenfieldswillbeconvertedforfarming解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词ThereportbytheUniversityofLeeds定位到第三段①句：AccordingtoareportonUKfoodproductionfromtheUniversityofLeeds,UK,85percentofthecountry*stotallandareaisassociatedwithmeatanddairyproductionomostlandisusedformeatanddairyproduction对应85percentofthecountry?stotallandareaisassociatedwithmeatanddairyproductiono所以本题选C。.Crop-growingintheUKisrestricteddueto.(分数:2)itsfarmingtechnologyitsdietarytraditionitsnaturalconditions正确答案D.itscommercialinterests解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Crop-growingisrestricted先定位到第五段③句：Just25percentofthecountry1slandissuitableforcrop-growing,mostofwhichisalreadyoccupiedbyarablefields,但该句并没有解释英国农作物种植受限的原因。②句指出，“英国以畜牧业为主是有充分理由的：其大部分地区的土壤或气候不适合农作物商业化种植"(ThereisagoodreasonwhytheUKisdominatedbyanimalhusbandry:mostofitsterraindoesn'thavetherightsoi1orclimatetogrowcropsonacommercialbasis),由此可得知，英国农作物种植受限是因为其缺少适合的土壤和气候，属于自然环境因素。naturalconditions是对soilorclimate的概括。所以本题选C。.ItcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatBritishpeople.(分数：2)A.relylargelyonimportsforfreshproduce正确答案B.enjoyasteadyriseinfruitconsumptionC.areseekingeffectivewaystocutcalorieintakeD.aretryingtogrownewvarietiesofgrains解析：本题为细节题。根据题干中的thelastparagraph模糊定位到最后一段，①句指出，“目前，英国人食用的果蔬中只有23%是本土产出的，因此，尽管我们用尽所有的方法，也只能满足30%的新鲜农产品需求”(Just23percentofthefruitandvegetablesconsumedintheUKarecurrentlyhome-grown,soevenwiththemostextrememeasureswecouldmeetonly30percentofourfreshproduceneeds.),由此可得知，英国人对新鲜农产品的需求不能仅仅依靠国内提供，大部分要依赖于进口。所以本题选A。.Theauthor'sattitudetofoodselfsufficiencyintheUKis.(分数：2)A.defensiveB.doubtful正确答案C.tolerantD.optimistic解析：本题为态度题。题干中的关键词foodself-sufficiency为本文话题词，首次出现在第二段③句，然后④句对此提出问题：听起来不错一一但这种(自给自足的)愿景可行吗？(Soundsgreat—buthowfeasibleisthisvision?)o随后，作者从第三段到最后一段一直在论证自给自足的困难，由此可得知，作者的态度更倾向于怀疑。所以本题选B。Text3WhenMicrosoftboughttaskmanagementappWunderlistandmobilecalendarSunrisein2015,itpickeduptwonewcomersthatwereattractingconsiderablebuzzinSiliconValley.Microsoft*sownOfficedominatesthemarketfor“productivity“software,butthestart-upsrepresentedanewwaveoftechnologydesignedfromthegroundupforthesmartphoneworld.Bothapps,however,werelaterscrapped,afterMicrosoftsaidithadusedtheirbestfeaturesinitsownproducts.Theirteamsofengineersstayedon,makingthemtwoofthemany“acqui-hires“thatthebiggestcompanieshaveusedtofedtheirinsatiablehungerfortechtalent.ToMicrosoft'scritics,thefatesofWunderlistandSunriseareexamplesofaremorselessdrivebyBigTechtochewupanyinnovativecompaniesthatlieintheirpath."Theyboughttheseedlingsandclosedthemdown,“complainedPaulArnold,apartneratSanFrancisco-basedSwitchVentures,puttingpaidtobusinessesthatmightonedayturnintocompetitors.Microsoftdeclinedtocomment.Likeotherstart-upinvestors,MrArnold'sownbusinessoftendependsonsellingstart-upstolargertechcompanies,thoughheadmitstomixedfeelingsabouttheresult:"Ithinkthesethingsaregoodforme,ifIputmyselfishhaton.ButaretheygoodfortheAmericaneconomy?Idon,tknow.”TheUSFederalTradeCommissionsaysitwantstofindtheanswertothatquestion.Thisweek,itaskedthefivemostvaluableUStechcompaniesforinformationabouttheirmanysmallacquisitionsoverthepastdecade.Althoughonlyaresearchprojectatthisstage,therequesthasraisedtheprospectofregulatorswadingintoearly-stagetechmarketsthatuntilnowhavebeenbeyondtheirreach.Giventheircombinedmarketvalueofmorethan$5.5tn,riflingthroughsuchsmalldeals—manyofthemmuchlessprominentthanWunderlistandSunrise-mightseembesidethepoint.Betweenthem,thefivecompanies(Apple,Microsoft,Google,AmazonandFacebook)havespentanaverageofonly$3.4bnayearonsub-$lbnacquisitionsoverthepastfiveyears-adropintheoceancomparedwiththeirmassivefinancialreserves,andthemorethan$130bnofventurecapitalthatwasinvestedintheUSlastyear.However,criticssaythatthebigcompaniesusesuchdealstobuytheirmostthreateningpotentialcompetitorsbeforetheirbusinesseshaveachancetogainmomentum,insomecasesaspartofa“buyandkill“tactictosimplyclosethemdown.（分数：10）.WhatistrueaboutWunderlistandSunriseaftertheiracquisitions?（分数:2）A.Theirmarketvaluesdeclined.Theirengineerswereretained.正确答案C.Theirtechfeaturesimproved.D.Theirproductswerere-priced.解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词WunderlistandSunrise定位到第一段①句和第三段①句。这两句无法解题，需结合上下文。文章第一段引出事件：Microsoft收购Wunderlist和Sunrise,第二段介绍这两家初创企业被收购后所发生的事情，第三段介绍批评者对Microsoft此行为的评价。B项Theirengineerswereretained（他们的工程师被保留了下来）是对第二段②句中的Theirteamsofengineersstayedon（他们的工程师团队留了下来）的同义替换。所以本题选B。.Microsoft?scriticsbelievethatthebigtechcompaniestendto.（分数：2）A.exaggeratetheirproductqualityB.treatnewtechtalentunfairlyC.eliminatetheirpotentialcompetitors正确答案D.ignorepublicopinions解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Microsofts'critics定位到第三段①句：ToMicrosoft1scritics,thefatesofWunderlistandSunriseareexamplesofaremorselessdrivebyBigTechtochewupanyinnovativecompaniesthatlieintheirpathoC项eliminatetheirpotentialcompetitors俏灭他们潜在的竞争对手）是对chewupinnovativecompaniesthatlieintheirpath（毁掉挡他们路的创新公司）的同义替换。所以本题选C。.PaulArnoldisconcernedthatsmallacquisitionsmight（分数:2）A.weakenbigtechcompaniesB.worsenmarketcompetitionC.discouragestart-upinvestorsD.harmthenationaleconomy正确答案解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词PaulArnold定位到第三段②句和第四段。第三段②句指出Arnold对科技巨头将本可以发展成为其竞争对手的初创公司扼杀在萌芽阶段这一做法的不满，第四段进一步介绍Arnold作为初创公司投资人对科技巨头收购行为的看法。D项harmthenationaleconomy（损害国家经济）是对第四段中的Ithinkthesethingsaregoodforme…ButaretheygoodfortheAmericaneconomy?Idon'tknow（我觉得这些对我有好处 但它们对美国经济有好处吗?我不知道）的合理推断。所以本题选C。.TheUSFederalTradeCommissionintendsto.（分数:2）A.supervisestart-ups'operationsB.encourageresearchcollaboration1imitBigTech'sexpansionexaminesmallacquisitions正确答案解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词TheUSFederalTradeCommission定位到第五段①句，该句无法解题，继续看下文。②句紧接着介绍USFederalTradeCommission的做法：Thisweek,itaskedthefivemostvaluableUStechcompaniesforinformationabouttheirmanysmallacquisitionsoverthepastdecadeoD项examinesmallacquisitions（调查小规模收购）是对asked…forinformationabouttheirmanysmallacquisitions向 询问他们许多小规模收购的相关信息）的概括总结。所以本题选D。.Forthefivebiggesttechcompanies,theirsmallacquisitionshave.（分数:2）raisedfewmanagementchallengesbroughtlittlefinancialpressure正确答案setanexampleforfuturedealsD.generatedconsiderableprofits解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词thefivebiggesttechcompanies定位到第六段②句：Betweenthem,thefivecompanies（Apple,Microsoft,Google,AmazonandFacebook）havespentanaverageofonly$3.4bnayearonsub-$lbnacquisitionsoverthepastfiveyears-adropintheoceancomparedwiththeirmassivefinancialreserves,andthemorethan$130bnofventurecapitalthatwasinvestedintheUSlastyear。B项broughtlittlefinancialpressure（几乎没有带来资金压力）是对adropintheoceancomparedwiththeirmassivefinancialreserves（与他们庞大的资金储备相比，这只是沧海一粟）的合理推断。所以本题选B。Text4We'refairlygoodatjudgingpeoplebasedonfirstimpressions,thinslicesofexperiencerangingfromaglimpseofaphototoafive-minuteinteraction,anddeliberationcanbenotonlyextraneousbutintrusive.Inonestudyoftheabilityshedubbed“thinslicing,nthelatepsychologistNaiiniAmbadyaskedparticipantstowatchsilent10-secondvideoclipsofprofessorsandtoratetheinstructor?soveralleffectiveness.TheirratingscorrelatedstronglywithstudentsTend-of-semesterratings.Anothersetofparticipantshadtocountbackwardfrom1,000byninesastheywatchedtheclips,occupyingtheirconsciousworkingmemory.Theirratingswerejustasaccurate,demonstratingtheintuitivenatureofthesocialprocessing.Critically,anothergroupwasaskedtospendaminutewritingdownreasonsfortheirjudgment,beforegivingtherating.Accuracydroppeddramatically.Ambadysuspectedthatdeliberationfocusedthemonvividbutmisleadingcues,suchascertaingesturesorutterances,ratherthanlettingthecomplexinterplayofsubtlesignalsformaholisticimpression.Shefoundsimilarinterferencewhenparticipantswatched15-secondclipsofpairsofpeopleandjudgedwhethertheywerestrangers,friends,ordatingpartners.Otherresearchshowswe'rebetteratdetectingdecepth)andsexualorientationfromthinsliceswhenwerelyonintuitioninsteadofreflection."It'sasifyou'redrivingastickshift,“saysJudithHal1,apsychologistatNortheasternUniversity,“andifyoustartthinkingaboutittoomuch,youcan'trememberwhatyou'redoing.Butifyougoonautomaticpilot,you'refine.Muchofoursociallifeis1ikethat.”Thinkingtoomuchcanalsoharmourabilitytoformpreferences.Collegestudents*ratingsofstrawberryjamsandcollegecoursesalignedbetterwithexperts,opinionswhenthestudentsweren'taskedtoanalyzetheirrationale.Andpeoplemadecar-buyingdecisionsthatwerebothobjectivelybetterandmorepersonallysatisfyingwhenaskedtofocusontheirfeelingsratherthanondetails,butonlyifthedecisionwascomplex—whentheyhadalotofinformationtoprocess.Intuition'sspecialpowersareunleashedonlyincertaincircumstances.Inonestudy,participantscompletedabatteryofeighttasks,includingfourthattappedreflectivethinking(discerningrules,comprehendingvocabulary)andfourthattappedintuitionandcreativity(generatingnewproductsorfiguresofspeech).Thentheyratedthedegreetowhichtheyhadusedintuition(agutfeelings,“ uhunches,“amyheart").Useoftheirguthurttheirperformanceorthefirstfourtasks,asexpected,andhelpedthemontherest.Sometimestheheartissmarterthanthehead.(分数：10).NaliniAmbaby'sstudydealswith.(分数：2)instructorstudentinteractionthepowerofpeopleJsmemorythereliabilityoffirstimpressions正确答案D.people*sabilitytoinfluenceothers解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词NaliniAmbaby可定位到第一段②句，②句Inonestudyoftheabilityshedubbed“thinslicing,“thelatepsychologistNaliniAmbadyaskedparticipantstowatchsilent10-secondvideoclipsofprofessors...(已故心理学家纳利尼•安巴迪(NaliniAmbady)在一项名为“薄片撷取"(thinslicing)的能力研究中，要求参与者观看教授们10秒钟的无声视频片段……)介绍了该研究的内容。根据“薄片撷取"(thinslicing)和“10秒视频“(10-secondvideoclips)可以得出,②句作为一个科学实验，针对的是第一段①句We'refairlygoodatjudgingpeoplebasedonfirstimpressions,thinsiicesofexperience...(我们很擅长根据第一印象、薄片式经验来判断一个人 )oC项thereliabilityoffirstimpressions第一象的可靠程度)是对该实验目的的准确概括。所以本题选C。.InAmbaby'sstudy,ratingaccuracydroppedwhenparticipants.(分数：2)gavetheratinginlimitedtimefocusedonspecificdetails正确答案watchedshortervideoclipsD.discussedwithonanother解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词accuracydropped和Ambaby可定位到第二段②③句，③句是②句现象出现的原因。根据③句中deliberationfocusedthemonvividbutmisleadingcues…ratherthanlettingthecomplexinterplayofsubtlesignalsformaholisticimpression（深思熟虑使他们专注于生动但具有误导性的线索，……而不是让微妙信号的复杂相互作用形成整体印象），B项focusedonspecificdetails（关注于具体的细节）是对③句的总结概括。所以本题选B。.JudithHallmentionsdrivingtoshowthat.（分数:2）memorycanbeselectivereflectioncanbedistracting正确答案C.socialskillsmustbecultivatedD.deceptionisdifficulttodetect解析：本题为例证题。根据题干关键词JudithHall定位到第三段②句。例证题的解题思路是首先考虑在例子上文寻找观点，找到第三段①句Otherresearchshowswe'rebetteratdetectingdeceptionandsexualorientationfromthinsiiceswhenwerelyonint