2021-2022学年河北省邢台市高二（下）第二次月考英语试卷（附答案详解）

202L2022学年河北省邢台市卓越联盟高二（下）第二次

月考英语试卷AIfyou'dliketogosightseeing,thefollowingWorldHeritageSitesmaybeyourbestchoices.JiuzhaigouValleyScenicandHistoricInterestAreaJiuzhaigouValley,whichliesinthenorthernpartofSichuanProvince,China,reachesaheightofmorethan4,800m,withaseriesofdifferentforestecosystems（生态系统）.It'sparticularlyfamousforitsexcellentwaterfalls.About140kindsofbirdsliveinthevalley,aswellasanumberofendangeredplantsandanimals,includingthegiantpanda.JiuzhaigouValleywasrecognisedasaWorldHeritageSitebyUNESCOin1992.KhamiRuinsNationalMonumentThecityofKhami,whichdevelopedafterthecapitalofGreatZimbabwehadbeengivenupinthemid-16thcentury,isofgreatarchaeological（考古的）interest.ThediscoveryofobjectsfromEuropeandChinashowsthatKhamiwasamajorcentrefortradeoveralongperiodoftime.ItjoinedtheWorldHeritageListin1986.HendersonislandHendersonIsland,whichliesintheeasternSouthPacific,isoneofthefewatolls（环礁）intheworldwhoseecologyhasbeenuntouchedbyhumans.Ifsparticularlyfamousforthe10plantsand4birdsthatcanonlybeseenontheisland.ltwasrecordedintheWorldHeritageListin1988.TheTajMahalTheTajMahalisconsideredtobeoneofthemostbeautifulbuildingsintheworldandthefinestexampleofthelatestyleofIndianarchitecture.ltwasbuiltbytheemperorShahJehan,whoruledIndiainthe17thcentury.ltwasinmemoryofhisfavouritewifewhodiedin1631.ThearchitecturewasgivenaWorldHeritageStatusin1983.WhichofthefollowingcanbefoundinJiuzhaigouValley?A.Wonderfulwaterfalls. B.Ancientobjects.C.Beautifulbuildings. D.Untouchedecology.WhatcanwelearnabouttheTajMahal?Itdoesn'texistnow.Itwasbuiltbyanemperor'swife.Ithasbecomeaplaceofinterest.Itlooksmorebeautifulthanotherbuildings.Inwhichpartofanewspapercanwereadthetext?A.Industry.B.Travel. C.Science. D.Business.BLately,my90-year-oldmotherhasbeensleepierandsleepier.Thisisverystrangeandworrying.Atthesametime,my92-year-oldfatherhasbeensufferinghisownhealthproblems.ltisaterriblethingtoseemyfatherstruggletogetmymothertotalk,saysomething,whenshedoesn'thavetheenergy.Theotherday,IrecalledhowmymotherusedtovisitawomannamedMrs.Demopolis,aGreekimmigrant,whomadethebestbaklava（果仁蜜饼）intheworld!Shegavelessonsonbakingittomymother.Also,mymotheroftenbakedbaklavaathome.AsIspokeofthisoverthephone,mysilentmotherandsaidhowmuchshe*dliketohaveoneagain.Now,theyliveinFloridaandIliveinWales,UK,soIcan'tgoandbringhersomebaklavaorevenmakesomeinherkitchen.ButwhatIdidsuggestwasthatmyfathercouldbuysomebaklavaataGreekrestaurantandIcoulddothesame,andwouldn'titbefuntoeatourbaklavaatexactlythesametimeandso,betogethersharingthemomentandthepleasure?Myparentslovedtheideaandwedecidedtodoit.Twodayslaterwebothhadourbaklavaandsharedtheexperience.ltmeantalottomyparents,andtome,todothis.Mymothersaidshewantedtodothisagain,maybewithanotherfoodorevenbaklavaagain!Whynot?Andassheonlykeepslosingweightinsteadofgaining,itisgoodforhertofindfoodsthatappealtoherappetite.Itisbecominghardertofindwaystocommunicateoverthephone,butthisisatleastaverygoodwaytodoso.Whydoestheauthorfeelworried?Hermothercan'twalkbyherself.Hermotherisbecominglessactive.Herfatherhastogethermothertotalk.Hermotherrefusestotalkwithherfather.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“perkedup"inParagraph2mean?A.Calmeddown. B.Turnedaround.C.Heldone'sbreath. D.Cametolife.Whatdidtheauthorsuggesttopleasehermother?Theyshouldenjoythesamefoodatthesametime.Theauthorshouldbuysomebaklavaforhermother.Hermothershouldmakesomebaklavainherkitchen.Herfamilyshouldgettogethertolookafterhermother.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor'smother?Shehopestolivewithherdaughter.Sheislookingforherfavoritefood.Shelikescommunicatinginthisway.Shethinksbaklavaisthemostdelicious.Theworldwilltohavetostartthinkingseriouslytosaveitscoralreefs.Coralsarecomebackcreatures.Asthesealevelsroseandfellover30,000years,Australia'sGreatBarrierReef,roughlythesizeofItaly,diedandrevivedfivetimes.Butnow,thankstohumanactivity,coralsfacethemostcomplexconditionstheyhaveyethadtodealwith.AccordingtotheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,ariseinglobaltemperatureofl.5℃abovepre-industriallevelcouldcausecoralreefstodeclineby70-90%.Theplanetisabout1℃hotterthaninthe19thcenturyanditsseasarebecomingwarmer,stormierandmoreacidic.Thisisalreadyaffectingrelationsbetweencoralsandthesingle-celledalgae（海藻）withwhichtheylivetogether,andwhichgivethemtheircolour.Whenwatersbecomeunusuallywarm,coralspushthealgaeout,leavingreefsaghostlywhite,whichishappeningfivetimesasoftenasitdidinthe1970s.Meanwhilethechangingchemistryoftheoceanslowerstheabundanceofcarbonateions（碳酸盐离子），makingitharderforcoralstoformtheirskeletons（骨骼）.Ifcoralsgo,diversandoceanbiologistsarenottheonlypeoplewhowillmissthem.Reefstakeuponlyonepercentoftheseafloor,butsupportaquarteroftheplanetsfishdiversity.Thefishthatreefsshelterareespeciallyvaluabletotheirpooresthumanneighbours,manyofwhomdependonthemasasourceofprotein.IntheCoralTriangle,anareaofwaterstretchingacrossSouth-EastAsiaandintothePacificwhichishometothree-quartersofknowncoralspecies,morethan130millionpeoplerelyonreefsforfoodandfortheirlivelihoodsinfishingandtourism.Whatcausescoralstodecline?A.Pollution. B.Tourism.C.Fishing. D.Temperaturerise.Whatwillaffectthecolorofcorals?Thesingle-celledalgae.Theabundanceofcarbonateions.Theplanet'sfishdiversities.Thechangingchemistryoftheoceans.Wherecanweprobablyreadthepassage?A.Atravelbrochure. B.ALiteraturewebsite.C.Asciencejournal. D.Ageographyfiction.Whatwillthefollowingparagraphprobablytalkabout?A.Advantagesofcorals. B.Measurestosavecorals.C.Effectsofcoraldecline. D.Reasonswhycoralsdecline.DFromteenagetoadulthood,yougothroughabasketofchanges一graduationjobsandrelationshipsthatcomeandgo.Butasyougrowolder,doesyourpersonalitychange?Peopletendtothinkofpersonalityasfixed.Butthatisnothowitworks.MPersonalityisadevelopmentalphenomenoninsteadofsomethingthatyou'restuckwithandcan'tgetover,"saidBrentRoberts,apsychologistattheUniversityofIllinois.Robertsandotherresearchershavesurveyedthepersonalitiesofparticipantsregularlyovermanyyears,showingthatourpersonalityisactuallystablewithineachdecadeoflife.Youdon'tnoticeitonaI-to-5-yeartimerange,butinthelongterm,itbecomespronounced（显著的）.In1960,psychologistssurveyedover440，000highschoolstudentswhoansweredquestionsabouteverythingfromhowtheyreactedtoemotionalsituationstohowefficientlytheygotworkdone.Fiftyyearslater,researcherstrackeddown1,952ofthesestudentsandgavethemthesamesurvey.Theresultsfoundthatintheir60s,participantsscoredmuchhigherthantheydidasteenagersonquestionsmeasuringcalmness,self-confidence,leadershipandsocialsensitivity（敏感度）.Overagain,studieshavefoundsimilarresults.Personalitytendstogetbetterovertime.Psychologistsnameit"thematurityprinciple（成熟定律）Peoplebecomemoreextroverted（外向），emotionallystable,agreeableandgentleastheygrowolder.Ingeneral,"thematurityprinciple11appliestomostpeople.Sowhatcausesthechange?Evidencesuggestsit'snotdramaticlifeevents,suchasmarriage,thebirthofachildorlossofalovedone.Instead,changingexpectationsplacedonus——asweadjusttouniversity,theworkforce,startingafamily——slowlywearusin,almostlikeapairofshoes,Robertssaid."Overtime,youareaskedtodothingsdifferentlyandthuslearnhowtobehaveinthesesituations."Soweadapt.WhathasRobertsfoundaboutpersonalityaccordingtothepassage?Itisastablephenomenon.Itchangesonadailybasis.Itisafixedpatternofthoughts.Itdevelopsgraduallyasweage.HowdidthepsychologistscarryouttheirresearchaccordingtoParagraph4?A.Byclassifyingthefacts.Bymakingcomparisons.Bygivingvariousexamples.Byquotingpreviousresearches.Whichofthefollowingmightnthematurityprinciple*'bringabout?Anapproachableandstablecharacter.Acalmandself-centeredpersonality.Asuccessfulandextraordinarycareer.Anunusualandemotionalsensitivity.Whydoesourpersonalitychangeaccordingtothelastparagraph?Wehavetoomuchworktodo.Dramaticlifeeventshavehappenedtous.Wegraduallyadapttodifferentlifesituations.Itisstressfultobehave•ourselvesinadulthood.Haveyoueverhadtroublesleepinginanewplace?⑴AndnowresearchersfromBrownUniversityinRhodeIslandthinktheyknowwhy.Theyfoundthatone-halfofthebrain"remainsmoreawake"thantheotherhalfwhenpeoplearetryingtosleepinanewplace.Theresearcherssaidthisappearsacaseofthebrainkeepingpeoplereadyfortroubleinanewplace.Manypeoplereporttheyhaveahardertimesleepingthefirstnightatahotelorotherplacesoutsidetheirhome.⑵“InJapan,theysay,'ifyouchangeyourpillow,youcan'tsleepinanewplace.,"saidYukaSasaki,oneofthereport'sauthors.Theresearchersmeasuredbrainwavesfor35volunteersovertwonightsinalaboratory.⑶Theyfoundduringthefirstnightthelefthemisphere(半球)ofthebrainwasmoreactivethantherighthemisphere.Sasakisaidalotofquestionsremain.(4)So.theydon'tknowifthelefthemispherekeeps“watch"allnight.Orwhetherit"worksinshifts1'withtherighthemispherelaterinthenight.Theyalsodonotknowwhytheextrabrainactivity,atleastduringthefirstphaseofdeepsleep,isalwaysonthelefthemisphere.(5)Itisgoodtoknowthatourbrainis"lookingoutforus,'*inanewplace.Butitmaynothelpwithsleep.Thatextrabrainactivity,atleastaccordingtothisnewresearch,makesithardertogetthesleeppeopleneedtowakeupwell-restedinthemorning.A.Lotsofpeopledo.B.Mostpeopleareunawareofit.C.Thetwonightswereaweekapart.D.Theycallitthe"first-nighteffect11.E.Forsome,thisresearchmaybecalming.F.Researchersdidnotkeepmeasuringbrainwavesallnightlong.G.Researchersfoundtheextrabrainactivityinthelefthemisphere.16.A.AEF.FB.BG.GC.CD.DE.17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

19.A.AEB.BC.CD.DE.F.FG.G20.A.AEF.FB.BG.GC.CD.DE.Atraditionformywifeistomakeholidaytreatsanddrivearoundtowntodelivertoabout15friends.Wedothisovertwodaysand(21)alotofsatisfactionseeingpeopleandwishingthemwell.Lastnightkindnesshadastrange(22)withtiming.First,we(23)todelivertreatstoour95-yearoldneighborrightbeforeshewasreadytogotosleep.Next,we(24)tofriendswhohadjustfinisheddinnerandwere(25)forsomethingsweet.Shortlyafter,withplateinhand,we(26)aneighborandherdaughterwhowerecominghomefromawalk.Lateron(27),wewerethengettingtoafriend'shouseasshe(28)fromvisitingsomeoneelse.Aneighty-fiveyearoldneighborwasonZoomwithfriendstalkingaboutwhatChristmasmeantandsaidthatoursurprisewastheperfect(29).Onefriendwasnothomewhenwecalled.Shewascoolonthe(30)whenwerangtoletherknowwewereleavingasmall(31)forher.Shetoldusshewasonherwayandaskedifwewould(32).Shesaidthatshecoulduseahug.ShehadjustreturnedfromtheER.Herhusband,whohadbeensuffering(33)medicalbarriers,hadjustfallen,brokenhishipandneededsurgery.Shegotherhugs.Fromaperfectdessertafteragoodmealto(34)forfriendworriedaboutherhusband,oursweetsmeantalottomany.Smallthingsthatcanmakeabig(35).21.A.gainB.testC.paceD.bond22.A.bonusB.connectionC.extensionD.foundation23.A.gotupB.madeoutC.startedoutD.calledup24.A.startedB.relayedC.attendedD.delivered25.A.bubblingB.starvingC.chasingD.acquiring26.A.giftedB.fetchedC.spottedD.dismissed27.A.onaverageB.bycontrastC.onpurposeD.byaccident28.A.heldupB.pickedupC.pulledupD.tookup29.A.mercyB.exampleC.capacityD.function30.A.phoneB.fenceC.mealD.scene31.A.diskB.mailC.treatD.dessert32.A.waitB.bookC.urgeD.withdraw33.A.violentB.temporaryC.ridiculousD.continuous34.A.rangeB.supportC.grantD.labour35.A.aptitudeB.criterionC.differenceD.platform36.ScientistsinPeruhavediscoveredtheskull(颅骨)ofanancestorofmodern-daywhales.Thefossilizedskullisbelieved(1)(be)about36millionyearsold.Researcherssaythediscoverysuggeststhattheanimallivedinanoceanonce⑵(cover)Peru'ssouthernOcucajedesert.Thescientistsreportedtheskullwasingoodconditionwhen⑶(dig)uplastyear.lthasaseriesoflong,pointy(4)(tooth),saidRodolfoSalas,chiefofpaleontologyatPeru'sNationalUniversityofSanMarcos.Scientistssaytheancientmammalwasabasilosaurus,whichisinthecetacean(鲸目)family.Thenamebasilosaurusmeans"kinglizard(蜥蜴)°andtheanimal(5)(think)tohavebeenabout12meterslong.Butitwasnotareptile(爬行动物)although⑹(it)longbodymighthavemovedlikealargesnake.SalascalledtheanimalMamarinemonster*'thatmaybelong(7)anewspeciesofbasilosaurus.uWhenitwassearchingforitsfoodjt(8)(sure)didalotofdamage,"headded.Salasexplainedthatwhentheancientbasilosaurusdiedout,itsskulllikelysanktothebottomoftheocean,(9)itwasquicklyburiedandremained."Backduringthisage,(10)conditionsforfossilizationwereverygoodinOcucaje,"Salassaid.37.你所在学校近期将邀请省高校外教兼职业生涯规划师Peler先生来做讲座。假如你是高二学生李华，即将进入高三一轮复习。请你给MrPeter写封信，介绍你本人在学习、个性等方面的长处以及你的职业愿景，并请他为你在选择大学专业方面提出一些建议。.写作词数应为80左右；.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearPeter,IamLiHua.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua38.Whenmyboyswereyounger,goingoutwiththemwasdifficult.MyheartsankduringtheholidayseasoneverytimeIlookedatthelonglineofkidswaitingtomeetSanta.Thiswasnotanactivityourfamilycouldenjoy.Thenoiseandcrowdscausedsensory（感官的）overloadformyfive-year-oldsonNoah,anautistic（患自闭症的）child.!alsohadayoungerson,Henry,whoneededanextrahand.Waitinginlinewashardlypossible.IalwayshopedforthebestbutplannedfortheworstwhenItooktheboysoutofthehouse,butIknewthatattemptingtogetapicturewithSantawasn'tworththerisk.Ifwehadattemptedtostandinlineforevenafewminutes,!wouldhavebeenchasingNoah,andHenrywouldhaveexperiencedanemotionalbreakdown.ltwaseasiertostayathome.OntheafternoonofChristmasEveayearago,thephonerang.Thevoiceontheotherendofthelinesaid,"Ifyou'reathomethisevening,FdliketoarrangefbrSantatostopby.nItwasDenny,thefriendlyownerofacompany,whohadhelpeduswithourdo-it-yourselfproject.Inashorttimehewasatourhome,Denny'skindnessandabilitytorelatetoourkidswereevident.IfeltnervousandexcitedabouthavingSantacometoourhome.Dennytoldmeitwouldbewellarranged.Wouldourkidsevennotice?Wouldtheybefrightenedbyastrangerinaredsuit?Wouldtheycry?AfewminutesbeforeIwasplanningtocookdinneronChristmasEve,Santatappedgentlyontheliving-roomwindow.Noahwasspeechless,andhisjawdropped.Henry,twoyearsold,wavedandsaid,"Hi,Santa!"注意：.续写短文的词数应为150左右；.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。Paragraph1：Excitedandnervous,!openedthedoorandSantasteppedinside.Paragraph2：Santaleftafterstayingforonlyafewminutesandtearsstreameddownmyface.答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、C、B［解析】（1）A.细节理解题。由第二段中”It'sparticularlyfamousforitsexcellentwaterfalls.”可知，在九寨沟能够观赏到瀑布。A.Wonderfulwaterfalls.奇妙的瀑布：B.Ancientobjects.古代物品；C.Beaulifulbuildings美丽的建筑；D.Untouchedecology未被触及的生态。故选A.C.细节理解题。由最后一段中"ThearchitecturewasgivenaWorldHeritageStatusin1983.”可知，泰姬陵已经成为一处旅游胜地。A.itdoesn'texistnow.（它现在不存在了）与原文不符；B.Itwasbuiltbyanemperor'swife.（它是由一位皇帝的妻子建造的），IMItwasbuiltbytheemperorShahJehan,whoruledIndiainthe17thcentury.ltwasinmemoryofhisfavouritewifewhodiedin1631.（它是由17世纪统治印度的国王沙•杰汗建造的。这是为了纪念他死于1631年的爱妻。）因此与原文不符；D.Itlooksmorebeautifulthanotherbuildings.（它看起来比其他建筑物更漂亮），原文并没有将其与其他建筑物作对比；C.Ithasbecomeaplaceofinterest.（它已经成为一个名胜古迹）符合题意，故选C.B.文章出处题。通读全文可知，这篇文章介绍了四个世界遗产遗址，最有可能出现在报纸的旅游专栏中。A.Industry工业；B.TraveL旅行；C.Science.科学；D.Business.商业。故选B.本文为应用文。文章介绍了四处世界遗产遗址供游客选择。1.直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2.间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3.综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。4~7.【答案】B、D、A、C【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第一段Lately,my90-year-oldmotherhasbeensleepierandsleepier.Thisisverystrangeandworrying.（最近,我90岁的妈妈越来越困了。这是非常奇怪和令人担忧的）可知，作者会感到焦虑是因为她母亲变得不那么活跃了。故选BoD.词义猜测题。根据第二段TheotherdayjrecalledhowmymotherusedtovisitawomannamedMrs.Demopolis,aGreekimmigrant,whomadethebestbaklava（果仁蜜饼）intheworld!Shegavelessonsonbakingittomymother.Also,mymotheroftenbakedbaklavaathome.AsIspokeofthisoverthephone,mysilentmotherperkedupandsaidhowmuchshe*dliketohaveoneagain.（有一天，我想起我母亲曾经去拜访一位名叫德莫波里斯夫人的女土，她是一位希腊移民，她做的果仁蜜饼是世界上最好的!她教我妈妈怎么烤。而且，我妈妈经常在家烤果仁蜜饼。当我在电话里谈到这件事的时候，沉默的母亲兴奋起来，说她多么希望可以再吃一个果仁蜜饼。）可知，听到女儿在电话里说这件事，老太太变得兴奋活跃起来。所以划线词的意思是"活跃起来，恢复生机"。A.Calmeddown.平静下来，镇定下来；B.Turnedaround.转向反方向；C.Heldone'sbreath.屏息；D.Cametolife.活跃起来，恢复生机。故选D项。A.细节理解题o根据第三段ButwhatIdidsuggestwasthatmyfathercouldbuysomebaklavaataGreekrestaurantandIcoulddothesame,andwouldn'titbefuntoeatourbaklavaatexactlythesametimeandso,betogethersharingthemomentandthepleasure?Myparentslovedtheideaandwedecidedtodoit.（但我的建议是，我父亲可以在希腊餐厅买一些果仁蜜饼，我也可以做同样的事，如果我们在同一时间吃果仁蜜饼，一起分享这一刻和快乐，不是很有趣吗？我父母很喜欢这个主意，我们决定照做。）可知，作者建议，虽然身处两地，但他们可以各自买来果仁蜜饼，相约时间，一起享受它的美味与度过这段欢愉时光。故选A项。C.推理判断题。根据最后一段Itmeantalottomyparents,andtome,todothis.Mymothersaidshewantedtodothisagain,maybewithanotherfoodorevenbaklavaagain!Whynot?（对我父母和我来说，这样做意义重大。我妈妈说她想再来一次，也许再来一份食物，甚至是果仁蜜饼!为什么不呢？）可知，作者的母亲很喜欢用这种方式交流。故选C项。本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了90岁的老母亲最近越来越昏昏欲睡，这让作者很担心。后来作者想了一个办法，让母亲活跃起来。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。8〜11.【答案】D、A、C、B［解析】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第二段AccordingtotheIntergovernmentalPaneionClimateChange,arisein-globaltemperaturesof1.5Cabovepre-industriallevelcould,causecoralreefsto,declineby70-90%（根据政府间的帕尼隆气候变化组织，全球气温比工业化前水平上升1.5摄氏度，可能导致珊瑚礁下降70-90%）可知，温度上升导致珊瑚数量减少。A.Pollution.污染；B.Tourism.旅游；C.Fishing.捕鱼业；D.Temperaturerise.温度上升。故选D。A.细节理解题。根据第二段Thisisalreadyaffectingrelationsbetweencoralsandthesingle-celledalgaewithwhich出eylivetogether,and,whichgivethemtheircolour.（这已经影响了珊瑚和它们生活在一起的单细胞藻类之间的关系，单细胞藻类赋予了珊瑚颜色。）可知，单细胞藻类会影响珊瑚的颜色。故选A。C.文章出处题。根据文章内容，文章讲述了气温的上升导致了珊瑚的减少，及珊瑚的减少对人类的影响，因此本文来自于科学杂志。A.Atravelbrochure.旅游手册；B.ALiteraturewebsite.文学网站；C.Asciencejournal.科学杂志；D.Ageographyfiction.地理小说。故选C。B.推理判断题。根据根据第二段AccordingtotheIntergovernmentalPaneionClimateChange,arisein-globaltemperaturesof1.5Cabovepre-industriallevelcould,causecoralreefsto,declineby70-90%（根据政府间的帕尼隆气候变化组织，全球气温比工业化前水平上升1.5摄氏度，可能导致珊瑚礁下降70-90%）和最后一段Ifcoralsgo,diversandoceanbiologistsarenottheonlypeoplewhowillmissthem.Reefstakeuponlyonepercentoftheseafloor,butsupportaquarteroftheplanet'sfishdiversity.Thefishthatreefsshelterareespeciallyvaluabletotheirpooresthumanneighbours,manyofwhomdependonthemasasourceofprotein.IntheCoralTriangle,anareaofwaterstretchingacrossSouth-EastAsiaandintothePacificwhichishometothree-quartersofknowncoralspecies,morethan130millionpeoplerelyonreefsforfoodandfortheirlivelihoodsinfishingandtourism.（如果珊瑚消失了，潜水员和海洋生物学家不是唯一会想念它们的人。珊瑚礁只占海床的百分之一，但却支撑着地球上四分之一的鱼类多样性。珊瑚礁所庇护的鱼类对它们最贫穷的人类邻居尤其有价值，其中许多人依赖它们作为蛋白质的来源。在珊瑚三角区，一个横跨东南亚一直延伸到太平洋的水域，是四分之三的已知珊瑚物种的家园，超过1.3亿人依靠珊瑚礁获取食物，依靠渔业和旅游业维持生计。）可知，本文主要介绍了气温的上升（原因）导致了珊瑚的减少（结果），及珊瑚的减少对人类的影响，故可推断接下来作者很可能讨论解决方案或应对策略及措施。故选B。本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气温的上升导致了珊瑚的减少，及珊瑚的减少对人类的影响。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。12~15.【答案】D、B、A、C【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第二段的Personalityisadevelopmentalphenomenoninsteadofsomethingthatyou'restuckwithandcan'tgetover（性格是一种发展现象，而不是你无法摆脱的东西。）可知，人的性格并非固定的，而是伴随着我们的成长而调整的。故选D。B.推理判断题。根据第四段的Fiftyyearslater,researcherstrackeddown1.952ofthesestudentsandgavethemthesamesurvey.（50年后，研究人员追踪了1952名学生，并给他们做了同样的调查。）可知，研究人员将受访者的问卷调查结果与50年前的结果进行对比，因此是采用对照的方式进行研究。故选B。A.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的Peoplebecomemoreextroverted,emotionallystable,agreeableandgentleastheygrowolder.（随着年龄的增长，人们会变得更加外向、情绪稳定、随和和温柔。）可以得出，随着年龄增长，大部分人会变得温和外向、情绪稳定，与A项相符。故选A。C.推理判断题。最后一段解释了性格变化的原因。根据Instead,changingexpectationsplacedonus——asweadjusttouniversity,theworkforce,startingafamily——slowlywearusin,almostlikeapairofshoes,（相反，人们对我们的期望发生了变化 我们要适应大学、工作、组建家庭一一慢慢地，我们就像一双鞋一样。）可推断，我们在适应不同人生阶段的需求时，我们的性格会产生变化。故选C。本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了从青少年到成年，我们的个性并非一成不变，而是随着我们处在不同时期、承担不同责任，而逐渐发生调整和变化的。普遍来说，相对于青少年期，我们会变得外向、情绪稳定、性格温和。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。16〜20.【答案】A、D、C、F、E【解析】（1）A.推理判断题。根据上文提出问题Haveyoueverhadtroublesleepinginanewplace?（你在一个新地方睡不好觉吗？）A项"Lotsofpeopledo.（很多人都有。）”，A项是个省略句，意为”很多人到一个新的地方，都会睡不着”，A项与上文语意衔接连贯。故选A项。D.推理判断题。根据上文Manypeoplereporttheyhaveahardertimesleepingthefirstnightatahotelorotherplacesoutsidetheirhome.（许多人报告说他们在酒店或家庭以外的其他地方时，第一个晚上比较难入睡）提出一个普遍现象，即许多人说他们在酒店或家庭以外的其他地方时，第一个晚上比较难入睡，D项"Theycallitthe*first-nighteffect,.（他们称之为'第一夜效应，）”，D项对上文的这一现象进行了定义，承接上文，语意衔接连贯。故选D项。C.归纳总结题。根据上文Theresearchersmeasuredbrainwavesfor35volunteersovertwonightsinalaboratory.（研究人员在一个实验室里测量了35名志愿者两个晚上的脑电波）Theyfoundduringthefirstnightthelefthemisphere（半球）ofthebrainwasmoreactivethantherighthemisphere.（他们发现，在第一个晚上，大脑的左半球比右半球更活跃。）此处仍在继续说实验内容，故设空处内容也应该与实验内容有关，C项”Thetwonightswereaweekapart.（这两晚上时间相隔一个星期）"符合，描述了实验内容，解释了上文"overtwonights',,故选C项。F.推理判断题。根据上文Sasakisaidalotofquestionsremain.（Sasaki说其实这个实验仍存在很多问题）所以推断，后文要具体陈述这个问题的内容。Researchersdidnotkeepmeasuringbrainwavesallnightlong.（研究人员并没有整夜不断地测量测试对象的脑电波）”符合，说明了产生问题的其中一个原因。下文"So,theydontknowiflheleflhemispherekeeps'watch'allnight.Orwhetherit'worksinshifts'withtherighthemispherelaterinthenight.(所以，他们不知道左脑是否整晚保持‘警惕,状态，或者它是否在夜间与右脑‘轮班'工作。)",F项中提及的"没有整夜进行测量”，产生了下文的结果，与下文为因果关系。故选F项。E.段落大意题。设空处在段首。这篇文章结构为总分总，中间两段为研究的具体内容，所以最后一段是对全文的总结，也是文章开头提出问题的呼应，文章第一段指出人们对于为什么换地方睡不着感到很疑问，结合下文Itisgoodtoknowthatourbrainis(lookingoutforus,(很高兴知道我们的大脑在‘照顾我们，)可知，空处应该是描写人们在知道为什么换地方睡不着后的内心变化，即从刚开始的疑问到现在变成了"平静(calming)所以E选项"Forsome,thisresearchmaybecalming.(对一些人来说，这项研究可能会使人平静)"符合。故选E项。本文为一篇说明文。很多人换个地方就睡不踏实，尤其是第一晚时，罗德岛布朗大学的研究人员对"第一晚现象"进行了研究，查明了其中缘由，但这个实验依旧也存在一些问题。①通读全文，了解文章大意；②细读七个选项，找出和文章相对应的关键词，分析选项间的逻辑关系；③根据文章整体结构、具体内容，结合关键词，选出最佳选项；④将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点查看逻辑关系和关联结构是否合理。21〜35.【答案】A、B、C、D、B、A、D、C、B、A、C、A、D、B、C【解析】(1)A.考查动词及语境理解。A.gain获得：B.test考验：C.pace踱步：D.bond结合。句意：我们花了两天的时间来做这件事，见到人们并祝他们一切顺利，我们感到非常满意。通过给朋友送餐，看到朋友并祝他们一切顺利可知，作者获得了极大的满足感。故选A。B.考查名词及语境理解。A.bonus奖金,红利；B.connection联系；C.extension延升；D.foundation创立。句意：昨晚，善意与时间有着奇怪的联系。"根据下一段的实例说明，作者要说的是昨晚的普意与时机有着奇妙的联系"。故选B。C.考查动词及语境理解。A.gotup起床：B.madeout弄清；C.startedout开始：D.calledup打电话；使想起，征召。句意：首先我们去给我们准备睡觉的95岁的邻居送零食。根据下文"todelivertreatstoour95-yearoldneighborrightbeforeshewasreadytogotosleep."可知，首先我们去给我们准备睡觉的95岁的邻居送零食。startedout是动身去做某事，出发去做某事，符合句意。故选C。D.考查动词及语境理解。A.started开始；B.relayed转发，转播；C.attended出席；Ddelivered递送。句意:接下来，我们给刚刚吃完晚饭并且想吃甜点的朋友送零食。根据第一段第一句"Atraditionformywifeistomakeholidaytreatsanddrivearoundtowntodelivertoabout15friends."和第三段第一句"we(3)todelivertreatstoour95-yearoldneighborrightbeforeshewasreadytogotosleep可知作者给朋友送零食。故选D。B.考查动词及语境理解。A.bubbling冒泡；B.starving急需,挨饿；C.chasing追赶；□.acquiring获得。句意：接下来，我们给刚刚吃完晚饭并且想吃甜点的朋友送零食。根据常识可知，吃完晚饭后应该是想要吃甜点，starveforsth.需要.…做某事。符合句意。故选BoA.考查动词及语境理解。A.gifted送给；B.fetched去取；C.spotted发现；D.dismissed解雇，摒弃。句意：不久之后，我们拿着盘子送给了一位邻居和她散步回家的女儿。git意为送给，与上文"delivered”语义接近。故选A。D.考查介词短语及语境理解。A.onaverage平均起来；B.bycontrast相比之下；C.onpurpose故意地;D.byaccident偶然地。句意：再后来,巧合的是，我们去到另夕卜一个朋友的家时，她刚从拜访别人那儿回来。此处表示"巧合的是"，说明"小礼物、小甜品"送的及时。故选D。C.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.heldup举起，支撑；B.pickedup拾起；C.pulledup突然终止，减速停下：D.tookup拿起，占据。句意：再后来，巧合的是，我们去到另外一个朋友的家时，她刚从拜访别人那儿回来并且刚巧停好车。此处表示她刚从拜访别人那儿回来并且刚巧停好车，pullup停车。故选C。B.考查名词及语境理解。A.mercy仁慈；B.example例子；C.capacity容量；D.function功能。句意：一位85岁的邻居在Zoom上和朋友们谈论圣诞节的意义，并说我们的惊喜就是一个完美的例子。此处表示而我的惊喜就是一个完美的例子说明圣诞节的意义。故选B。A.考查名词及语境理解。A.phone电话；B.fence栅栏：C.meal一餐；D.scene场景。句意：当我们打电话告诉她我们要给她留点小礼物时，她在电话里很冷静。根据空后"whenwerangtoher"可知，此处表示她在电话里很冷静。故选A。C.考查名词及语境理解。A.disk磁盘；B.mail邮件；C.treat甜食;D.dessert甜点。句意：当我们打电话告诉她我们要给她留了一份甜食，她在电话里很冷静。treat在口语中有小零食小甜点的意思，比如万圣节时常说TreatorTrick。本文主要内容就是作者给朋友们送零食甜点，所以此处表示我们给她打电话让她知道我们给她留了一份甜食"。故选CoA.考查动词及语境理解。Await等待；B.book预订；C.urge敦促；D.withdraw撤退。句意：她告诉我们她在路上，问我们是否愿意等。根据"shewasonherway"可知，她告诉我们她在路上，问我们是否愿意等。故选A。D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.violent暴力的：B.temporary暂时的;C.ridiculous荒谬的；D.continuous持续的。句意：她的丈夫一直遭受持续的医疗障碍，刚刚跌倒，臀部骨折，需要手术。再结合空前的hadbeendoing和空后的一系列动作可知，此处continuous表示一直的，连续不断的。故选D。B.考查名词及语境理解。A.range范围；B.support支持；C.grant拨款；D.labour劳动。句意：从一顿美餐后的完美甜点到支持担心丈夫的朋友，我们的甜点对许多人来说意义重大。这里指给上文提到的送零之旅的最后那位朋友以支持。故选B。C.考查名词及语境理解。A.aptitude天资：B.criterion标准，准则；C.difference差异；D.platform平台。句意：小事情也可以产生大影响。根据上文叙述了我妻子制作甜点帮助他人的一件小事给与了别人温暖与支持，所以小事情也可以产生大影响。makeadiference有影响。故选C。本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了了"我妻子"制作甜点帮助他人的一件件小事。分享爱和善意的“甜蜜”，成就意义非凡的大事。彰显了学会分享，关爱他人的态度与精神。完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应及语境。.【答案】【小题l】tobe【小题2】covering【小题3】dug【小题4】teeth【小题5]isthought【小题6]its【小题7]to【小题8】surely【小题9】where【小题10]the(解析】(1)tobe.考查动词不定式。句意:据说化石遗骸大约存在于3600万年前0sb./sth.isbelievedtodo,据信，某人/物会 ，不定式作主语补足语，故填tobe。covering.考查现在分词。句意：研究人员说，这一发现表明，这种动物生活在曾经覆盖秘鲁南部奥库卡耶沙漠的海洋中。此处使用非谓语动词作后置定语，ocean与cover之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词表主动，故填covering。dug.考查省略句。句意:科学家们报告说，这具遗骸去年出土时状况良好。此处为when引导的省略句，即when引导的时间状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，从句可以省略主语和系动词，所以从句省略了theskull和was,且skull与digup之间是被动关系，所以此处用过去分词dug,故填dug。teeth.考查可数名词的复数。句意：秘鲁国立圣马科斯大学古生物学主任鲁道夫・萨拉斯说，它有一排又长又尖的牙齿。aseriesof后接可数名词复数，故填teeth。isthought.考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：basilosaurus这个名字的意思是"蜥蜴王"，人们认为它大约有12米长。beethoughttodo被认为 ，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语是单数，故填isthought。its.考查形容性物主代词。句意：但它不是爬行动物，尽管它的长身体可能像一条大蛇一样移动。修饰名词body用形容词性物主代词，故填its。to.考查固定短语。句意：萨拉斯称这种动物为“海洋怪物"，可能属于巴西龙的一个新物种。固定短语be