英语虚拟语气详解历年高考真题训练

虚拟语气第一节语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气(IndicativeMood)，祈使语气(ImperativeMood)和虚拟语气(SubjunctiveMood)。不同的语气用动词的不同形式(有的还借助句法形式)来表示。第二节虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。NOTE：使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：１．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整．Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了．２．在条件句中，可省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，变为倒装句式．Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.第四节虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用一、虚拟语气在主语从句中A.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that中”，表示某事重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should+动词原形(should可以省略)例如：It'simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。这类的形容词还有advisable（可取的），appropriate（适当的），compulsary（必须的），crucial（关键的），desirable（理想的），essentia（l必要的），imperative（迫切的），important（重要的），possible（可能的），preferable（更好的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（急迫的），vital（极为重要的）等。BItisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/.that-clause句型中从句用（should）+动词原型，表示愿望，建议，请求等主观意愿等。Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.C.Itisapity/ashame/nowonderproposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advicethat⋯句型中从句也常用（should）+动词原型,表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。It'sapitythatyou（should）missagoodchance.二、用于宾语从句用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist,suggest,order,command,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desireetc.注意：suggest当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。Theteachersuggestedthatweshouldcleantheblackboardafterclass.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意．Heinsistedthatallofusbethereontimebyanymeans.他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里。Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.那个人坚持说他没有偷钱．三、用于表语从句和同位语从句在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request/desire/recommendation/resolution等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“shoul＋d动词原形”should可以省略．MyadviceisthatyoushouldpracticespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.我的建议是你要尽可能经常地练习说英语。Thesuggestionthatthemayorshouldpresenttheprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议。第五节虚拟语气在其他从句中Itis（high/about）timethat⋯从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should不能省略．It'shightimewewenttothelaboratory.该是我们去实验室的时候了。Ifonly引导的感叹句（要是．．．该有多好啊；但愿）；表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。用过去时或would/could+动词原形表示；Ifonlyyoulistenedtous!要是你听我们的话该多好啊！与过去事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时。例如：IfonlyIhadlistenedtothedoctor'sadvice!我要是听了医生的话就好了。wouldrather，wouldsooner,wouldassoon,wouldprefer+从句也常用虚拟语气，表示宁愿、但愿之意。这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设，而是一种尚未实现的愿望3.1表示现在或将来的情况：在上述词后+主语+动词过去时。例如：Iwouldratheryoulefttoday.我宁愿你今天走。Iwouldsoonermydaughterattendedapublicschool.但愿我的女儿能上公立学校。Iwouldpreferhedidn'tstayheretoolong.我倒希望他不要在这儿待得太久。表示过去的情况，在上述词后+主语+动词过去完成时。例如：IwouldratherIhadn'tseenthatfilmyesterday.我宁愿昨天没有看那场电影。asif(asthough)看起来evenif(eventhough)即使常用虚拟形式，其构成形式与wish后宾语从句里的虚拟语气的构成形式相同，表示与现在事实相反(从句意上判断)，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式(haddone)，would/could+动词原形。例如：Thefootballfansofactasiftheywerecrazy.那些足球迷们经常就像疯了似的。(act与were发生在同一时间平面上)HeoftentalksaboutLondonasthoughhehadbeenthere.(hadbeenthere发生在talkes之前) 他常常谈起伦敦，就好像他去过那里似的。Sheoftentalksandtalksasifshewouldneverstop.(wouldneverstop后于talksandtalks发生)她常常讲起来没完没了。虚拟语气在inorderthat,sothat,incase，lest，forfearthat引导的目的状语从句中的应用，从句中的谓语动词用"may(might)＋动词原形"或"should＋动词原形"。在以lest引导的从句中，谓语动词用"should＋动词原形"。例如：Hetookhisraincoatwithhimincaseitshouldrain.他拿上了雨衣以防下雨。Hewaspunishedlestheshouldmakethesamemistakeagain.他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。Heputhiscoatoverthechildforfearthathe(should)catchcold.他把外套给孩子穿上以防孩子感冒。wish后面的宾语从句中，一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：表现在过去时(表示与主句的谓语动词同时存在或先于主句谓语动词存在的与事实相反的愿望)IwishIwereabird.(were与wish发生在同一时间平面上)表过去过去完成时(从句的谓语动词先于主句的谓语动词发生或存在，(that)+主语+had+动词的过去分词)IwishyouhadcometoourChristmasparty.表将来would,might,could＋动词原形(从句的谓语动词后于主句的谓语动词发生或存在)Iwishthattheraincouldstopsoon.虚拟语气专项练习Jackwishesthathe businessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.studied B.hadbeenstudyingC.study D.hadstudiedThemillionsofcalculationinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand, allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.A.hadlost B.wouldloseC.wouldhavelost D.shouldhavelostItisessentialthattheseapplicationforms backasearlyaspossible.A.mustbesent B.aresentC.willbesent D.besent.Itisimportantthatthehotelreceptionist thatguestsareregisteredcorrectly.A.hasmadesure B.mustmakesureC.madesure D.makesure5.Itwasessentialthattheapplicationforms backbeforethedeadline.A.mustbesent B.besentC.wouldbesentD.weresent6.It'snecessary thedictionaryimmediately.A.thathewillreturn B.thathereturnC.thathereturnedD.thathehastoreturnItisimportantthatenoughmoney tofundtheproject.A.becollected B.wascollectedC.mustbecollectedD.canbecollectedIdon'tthinkitadvisablethatTom tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.A.isassigned B.beassignedC.willbeassigned D.hasbeenassignedThesuggestionthatthemayor theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.A.wouldpresent B.presentC.oughttopresent D.presentsWeareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion .A.beputoff B.shouldputoffC.wasputoff D.istoputoffYou himsoclosely;youshouldhavekeptyourdistance.A.shouldn'thavebeenfollowing B.mustn'tfollowC.couldn'thavebeenfollowing D.shouldn'tfollowThemanagerwouldratherhisdaughter inthesameoffice.A.doesnotwork B.hadnotworkedC.nottoworkD.didnotworkWouldn'tyouratheryourchild tobedearly?A.go B.wouldgo C.went D.goesI'dratheryou makeanycommentontheissueforthetimebeing.A.don't B.didn't C.wouldn't D.shouldn'tMike'suncleinsists inthishotel.A.stayingnot B.thathewouldnotstayC.nottostay D.thathenotstayAsCommander-in-Chiefofthearmedforces,Ihavedirectedthatallmeasures forourdefense.A.hadbeentakenB.betakenC.wouldbetakenD.tobetakenThemanagerofthehotelrequeststhattheirguests after11:00p.m.A.nottoplayloudmusic B.don'tplayloudmusicC.shouldn'tplayloudmusic D.couldn'tplayloudmusicWedesirethatthetourleader usimmediatelyofanychangeinplans.A.inform B.informs C.informedD.hasinformedHesuggested totomorrow'sexhibitiontogether.A.ustogo B.weshallgoC.wewent D.wegoSometimesIwishI inadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.A.beliving B.wouldliveC.wereliving D.wouldhavelivedIwishI longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A.couldhaveslept B.mighthavesleptC.sleptD.havesleptJeandoesn'twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe ajobsheprobablywouldn'tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.A.hastoget B.hadgotC.weretogetD.couldhavegotIfthewholeoperation_beforehand,agreatdealoftimeandmoneywouldhavebeenlost.A.wasnotplanned B.hadnotbeenplannedC.hasnotbeenplannedD.werenotplannedHadheworkedharder,he theexams.A.musthavegotthrough B.wouldgetthroughC.wouldhavegotthrough D.couldgetthrough beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.A.Hadtheyarrived B.WeretheyarrivingC.Wouldtheyarrive D.Weretheytoarrive26. rightnow,shewouldgetthereonSunday.A.WouldsheleaveB.WereshetoleaveC.IfsheleavesD.Ifshehadleft formyillnessIwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.A.NotbeingB.WithoutbeingC.HaditnotbeenD.Nothavingbeen foryourlaziness,youcouldhavefinishedtheassignmentbynow.A.HaditnotbeenB.Weren'titC.ItwerenotD.HadnotitbeenIfit toomuchtrouble,I'dloveacupoftea.A.isn't B.weren'tC.wasn't D.hadn'tbeenIfIhadn'tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you now.A.wouldn'tbesmilingB.won'tsmileC.couldn'thavesmiledD.didn'tsmileWedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewe him.A.wouldhavetelephoned B.wouldtelephoneC.musthavetelephoned D.hadtelephonedHemusthavehadanaccident,orhe then.A.wouldhavebeenhereB.shouldbehereC.hadtobehereD.wouldbehereSomewomen agoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.A.mustmake B.shouldhavemade C.wouldmake D.couldhavemadeWe tostartourownbusiness,butweneverhadenoughmoney.A.havehoped B.hadhopedC.wouldhope D.shouldhopeThemadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe himself.A.injure B.injuredC.hadinjured D.wouldinjure"Youareveryselfish.It'shightimeyou thatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld",Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.A.realized B.realizeC.haverealized D.shouldrealizeIt'salready5o'clocknow.Don'tyouthinkit'sabouttime ?A.wearegoinghome B.wewenthomeC.wegohome D.wecangohomeIfonlythecommittee theregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.A.approve B.canapproveC.willapprove D.wouldapproveLookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI youradvice.A.follow B.wouldfollowC.hadfollowed D.havefollowedI'msureheisuptothejob hewouldgivehismindtoit.A.ifonly B.incaseC.untilD.unless虚拟语气历年高考题Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.A.havehad B.hadhadC.haveD.hadIfmycar morereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.A.was B.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbeWe thedifficultytogether,butwhydidn'tyoutellme?A.shouldface B.mightfaceC.couldhavefacedD.musthavefacedWelostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewe moreplacesofinterestyesterday.A.visitedB.hadvisitedC.wouldvisitD.wouldhavevisitedGracedoesn'twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshe there,shewouldn'tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.A.lives B.wouldliveC.havingaskedD.weretoliveButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwin D.wouldhavewonThankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon'tthinkwe itwithoutyou.A.canmanageB.couldhavemanagedC.couldmanageD.canhavemanaged fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A.WouldyoubeB.ShouldyoubeC.Couldyoube D.Mightyoube---DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?--- Ifeelabitcold.A.Ofcoursenot. B.I'dratheryoudidn't. C.Goahead. D.Whynot?ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn'thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfall D.weretofallWhatwouldhavehappened ,asfarastheriverbank?A.Bobhadwalkedfarther B.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfarther D.ifBobwalkedfartherHehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe agoal.A.hadscored B.scoredC.wouldscore D.wouldhavescoredIfonlyhe quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldn'tsuffersomuchnow.A.lieslayC.hadlainD.shouldlieA.liesWithouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnight___,toocoldforustolive.A.wouldbefreezingcold B.willbefreezingcoldlywouldbefrozencold D.canfreezecoldlyYoudidn'tletmedrive.Ifwe___inturn,you sotired.A.drove;didn'tget B.drove;wouldn'tgetC.weredriving;wouldn'tget D.haddriven;wouldn'thavegot forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.A.Ifitisnot B.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.IftheywerenotJane'spalefacesuggestedthatshe ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe amedicalexamination.A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;hadD.was;hasIdidnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe ,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.Were B.ShouldC.WouldD.WillThetwostrangerstalkedasifthey___friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeD.hadbeenIftheweatherhadbeenbetter,wecouldhavehadapicnic.Butit allday.A．rainedB.rains C.hasrained D.israiningThey___twofreeticketstoCanada,otherwisethe'ydneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogo.A.hadgot B.got C.havegot D.get---Don'tyouthinkitnecessarythathe___toMiamibuttoNewYork?---Iagree,buttheproblemis___hehasrefusedto.A.willnotbesent;that B.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;what D.shouldnotsend;whatHadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergyA．wouldhavebeensavedB．hadbeensavedC．willbesaved D．wassavedJohnwenttothehospitalalone.Ifhe meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.

A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtoldA.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtoldTheweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry. Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!AndmyvegetablesA.wouldn'tdie B.didn'tdie C.hadn'tdied D.wouldn'thavediedGeorgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI'dratherhe moreonitsculture.A.focus B.focused C.wouldfocus D.hadfocusedIfwe theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken---Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.---I it,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.A.attended B.hadattendedC.wouldattend D.wouldhaveattended—Wherearethechildren?Thedinne'rsgoingtobecompletelyruined．—Iwishthey alwayslate．A.weren't B.hadn'tbeenC.wouldn'tbeD.wouldn'thavebeen答案与解析1.D译文：杰克宁愿在大学学的是商务而不是历史。本句是wish后接虚拟语气的用法。在wish后面所接的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气结构。其主要形式有三种：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish+主语+动词过去式；表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish+主语+had+过去分词；表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish+主语+would+动词原形。2.C译文：数以百万计的相关计算，如果由人工操作的话，到计算完成时早已失去其实用价值。本句是条件句中与过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构的用法。由省略if的从句(hadtheybeendonebyhand)中的时态可知，C为正确答案。3.D译文：这些申请表尽快寄出是极其必要的。本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气用法。在Itisimportant/necessary/ ⋯that-clause结构中，that从句中谓语动词常用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should)+动词原形。这一结构是否用虚拟语气取决于主句Itisimportant/ ⋯that中的形容词(如本句中的important)。D译文：旅馆接待员必须确保旅客登记正确，这点是很重要的。本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。B译文：申请表务必在截止日期之前寄回。本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。B译文：他必须马上归还字典。本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。A译文：重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。B译文：汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不合适的。本句涉及复合宾语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。在以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should)+动词原形。这一结构中的虚拟用法主要取决于作补语的形容词advisable。B译文：大家都接受了让市长发奖的建议。本句涉及同位语从句中的虚拟语气用法。英语中在表示命令、建议、劝告、愿望、要求等词后所接的同位语从句中，从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should)+动词原形。常用的这类词有suggestion,advise,order,recommendation,requirement,command,proposal等名词。A译文：我们都支持你提出的推迟讨论的建议。本句涉及同位语从句中的虚拟语气用法。A译文：你本不该跟他跟得这么紧；你本该保持一定距离的。本句涉及-暗含虚拟句。“should/oughtnot+have+过去分词”表示“本不应该做某事，但却做了”，含有某种责备的口气。“should/oughtto+have+过去分词”表示“本应该做某事，却未做”。例如：Youshouldhavereturnedthebooklastweek. 你本来应该上周就该归还这本书。(但上周并未还)D译文：经理宁愿他女儿不和他在同一个办公室上班。本句涉及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法。在wouldrather,wouldsooner,wouldjustassoon,mightaswell和wouldprefer等后面所跟的从句中，也可用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿”、“但愿”。其形式为：①“wouldrather(wouldsooner ⋯)＋主语＋谓语动词过去时”表示现在或将来的情况。②“wouldrather(wouldsooner ⋯)＋主语＋过去完成时”表示过去的情况。C译文：你为何不让你的孩子早点睡觉？本句涉及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法。B译文：我倒是希望你对这个问题先别发表什么看法。本句涉及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法。英语中在wouldrather,wouldsooner,wouldjustassoon,mightaswell和wouldprefer等后面所跟的从句中，也可用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿”、“但愿”。D麦克的叔叔坚持他不留在旅馆里。本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。动词 insist后接宾语从句，从句中的谓语为“should+动词原形(should常省略)”。常这样用的词有：command,desire,demand,order,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest 等。B译文：我作为武装部队的总司令命令采取一切措施进行防御。本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。C译文：旅馆的经理恳请客人晚上11点后，音乐声不要放得太响。本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。A译文：我们要求导游立刻告诉我们计划有什么变动。本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。D译文：他建议我们一块去看明天的展览。本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。C译文：我有时希望自己生活在另一个时代和另一个地方。本句涉及动词wish后所接宾语从句的用法。在wish后面所接的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气结构。其主要形式有三种：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish+主语+动词过去式；表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish+主语+had+过去分词；表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish+主语+would+动词原形。A译文：我真希望今天早上能多睡一会儿，可我不得不起床去上课。本句涉及动词wish后所接宾语从句的用法。C译文：琼不想马上就工作，她想要是找了工作就不能马上探访朋友了。本句涉及if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与将来事实相反的假设。表示与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，从句中的谓语动词用“wereto+动词原形或should+动词原形”，主句中的谓语动词用“should（第一人称）,would（第二、三人称）+动词原形”。B译文：要是整个手术当时没有预先计划好的话，大量的金钱和时间就白花了。本句涉及if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的用法，表示与过去事实相反的假设。与过去事实相反的非真实条件句中，从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，主句的谓语动词用“should或would+have+过去分词”。C译文：他当时学习努力的话，这次考试就通过了。本句涉及省略if的虚拟条件句。在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将were,had,should等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面，用倒装结构。如果句中没有were,had或should时，既不能省略if，也不能倒装。D译文：我们后天走，要是他们在这之前到达，我们就可以痛痛快快地撮一顿。本句涉及省略if的虚拟条件句。B译文：她要是现在就走的话，星期天就到那儿了。本句涉及if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与将来事实相反的假设。表示与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，从句中的谓语动词用"wereto+动词原形或should+动词原形"，主句中的谓语动词用“should（第一人称）,would（第二、三人称）+动词原形”。如从句中省去if，主谓要用倒装结构。C译文：我当时要是没生病的话，就帮他了。本句涉及省略if的虚拟条件句。虚拟语气也常用于“Ifitwere（hadbeen）notfor⋯”句型中，意为“要不是⋯⋯”。Ifitwerenotfor ⋯表示与现在事实相反的假设。从本句的主句来判断，这是一句与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，Ifithadnotbeenfor ⋯表示与过去事实相反的假设，与主句中的谓语动词相一致。在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将were,had,should等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面，用倒装结构。如果句中没有were,had或should时，既不能省略if,也不能倒装。A译文：要不是你偷懒，你现在就已经完成任务了。本句涉及省略if的虚拟条件句。虚拟语气也常用于“Ifitwere（hadbeen）notfor⋯”句型中，意为“要不是⋯⋯”。Ifithadnotbeenfor⋯表示与过去事实相反的假设，从本句的主句来判断，这是一与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，与主句中的谓语动词相一致。在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将w