高考英语二轮复习：非谓语动词（素材）

非谓语动词做定语，看该词(即修饰词)和被修饰词之间的关系非谓语动词做状语，看该词与句中主语的关系非谓语动词做宾补，看宾语与该词（即宾补）之间的关系Everyonewaspresentatthemeetingheld(hold)yesterday.(被动，发生了的)Everyoneispresentatthemeetingbeingheld(hold)now.(被动，正在发生的)Everyoneisrequiredtobepresentatthemeetingtobeheld(hold)tomorrow.(被动，要发生的)注意：表示“要、该、可”，做定语Wehavealotofworktodo.Thereisalotofwork(forus)todo.对比：Ihavesomethingtobuyatthesupermarket.I’mgoingtothesupermarket.Doyouhaveanythingtobebought?Igivethechildrensomebookstoread.Heheardsomebodycallhisname.(省去“to”的动词不定式做宾补，强调动作全过程)Heheardhisnamecalled(call).(被动，发生了)Heheardsomebodycallinghisname.(用动词-ing形式，强调动作正在进行)Heheardhisnamebeingcalled(call).(被动，正在发生)非谓语动词做状语，三步判断法第一步根据句意判断状语的类型，区分不定式和分词形式（包括-ing和-ed）不定式做目的状语Sheworkedlateintothenighttoprepare(prepare)alongspeech.=Topreparealongspeech,sheworkedlateintothenight.Sheworkedlateintothenight,preparing(prepare)alongspeech.伴随状语注意：不定式做目的状语，位于句首时，通常后接“，”但放在后面时，其前面不用用“，”除非有插入语用在表示“情绪、情感”的形容词后，表示引起该情绪、情感的起因。I’mgladtoseeyou.注意：Iamhonoredtogiveaspeechhere.(演讲开始时)Iamhonoredtohavegiventhespeechhere.(演讲结束时)Beingcurious,hesteppedintotherestaurant.=Becausehewascurious,hesteppedintotherestaurant.用在too…to…,enoughto…,so…asto…结构中，表示结果Shewastoocarelesstofindhermistakes.=Shewassocarelessthatshecouldn’tfindhermistakes.=Shewassocarelessastofailtofindhermistakes.表示出乎意料的结果，翻译为“结果却”Theyarrivedatthestationoutofbreath,onlytofind/tobetold(find/tell)thelasttrainhadgone.对比:必然的结果，用-ing，可以转换为非限制性定语从句Theteacherappliesmulti-mediatechniquestoherclasses,____________(make)everystudentfullyengaged.Theteacherappliesmulti-mediatechniquestoherclasses,whichmakeseverystudentfullyengaged.第二步排除不定式之后，判断与句中主语的逻辑关系是主动还是被动。若是主动关系，用-ing；若是被动关系，用-ed。第三步根据主被动关系，排除-ed形式后，需要判断该动词与句中谓语动词的先后关系。如果强调先于谓语动词的话，则需要采用havingdone形式Havingwaited(wait)inlineforhalfanhour,shesuddenlyrealizedthatshehadleftherwalletathome.补充做定语We’llsit/takeanimportantexaminationinthecoming(come)week.We’llsit/takeanimportantexaminationintheweektocome(come).表示“未来的、要来到的”，在名词前面做定语，用“coming”；在名词后面做定语，用“tocome”Youhaveonlytwodaysleft(leave)beforeyouaresupposedtohandinyourwork.Youhaveonlytworemaining(remain)daysbeforeyouaresupposedtohandinyourwork.Youhaveonlytwodaystogo(go)beforeyouaresupposedtohandinyourwork.表示“剩余的”，“left”只能做后置定语；若放在名词前面做定语，则应用“remaining”Inthefollowing(follow)week,theysuffereddefeatafterdefeat.Intheweekthatfollowed(follow),theysuffereddefeatafterdefeat.做宾补sendsb.todosth.派某人去做某事sendsb/sth.flying使某人或某物发生位移Inspace,evenaslighttouchcouldsendyoufloating(float)awayintheoppositedirection.Suddenly,thewholehouseshookseverely,sendingobjectscrashing(crash)totheground.with+宾语+宾补Witheverythingneededbought(buy),sheleftthesupermarketandheadedbackhome.Withnothingelsetobuy(buy),sheleftthesupermarketandheadedbackhome.=Sinceshehadnothingelsetobuy(buy),sheleft…做状语devoteoneselfto…=>bedevotedto…concernoneselfwith…=>beconcernedwith…buryoneselfin…=>beburiedin…Burying(bury)himselfinthenovel,hefailedtonoticetheteacherapproachingfrombehind.Buried(bury)inthenovel,hefailedtonoticetheteacherapproachingfrombehind.Concerning(concern)herselfwithchild