翻译资格考试高级口译模拟试题及答案

翻译资格考试高级口译模拟试题及答案NoteTakingandGapFillingGoodafternoon,class.Iwanttostartmylecturebytellingyouastory.OncetherewasayoungwomanfromMexiconamedConsuela,whocametoNewYorktolearnEnglish.ShegotajobatafactoryownedbyaChinese.OnedayasConsuelacametowork,herChinesebosshandedheraredenvelope.Consuelalookedinsideandsaw20dollars.Shebecameveryupsetandthrewtheenvelopebackatherboss!Herbosswasshocked.Well,hehadgivenhertheredenvelopeandthemoneybecauseitwasChineseNewYear.AndontheChineseNewYear,itistraditionaltogivemoneytoyoung,singlepeopleforgoodluck.However,fromConsuela’spointofview,hewasanoldermangivinghermoneyinanenvelope,whichmeantthathewasaskingherforsexualfavors.Naturally,sherefusedtotakethemoney.Now,whatdoesthisstoryshowus?Itshowsthatanactioncanhavetotallyoppositemeaningsindifferentcultures.Everyculturehasitsownrulesforwhatisappropriateandwhatisnotappropriatebehavior.Andtoillustratemypointtoday,I’mgoingtogiveexamplesfromfourareas.First,thewaypeoplegreeteachotherindifferentcultures.Second,thewaytheyusenamesandtitles.Third,thewaypeopleeat.Andfinally,thewaytheyexchangegifts.OK,let’sstartwithgreetingcustoms—Firstofall,I’msureyouknowthatintheUnitedStatesandinmostwesterncountries,greetingsofteninvolvesomesortoftouching,suchasahandshake,ahug,orakissifpeopleknoweachotherverywell.Ontheotherhand,peoplefrommostAsiancountriesdon’tusuallyfeelascomfortabletouchinginpublic.Althoughhandshakesbetweenbusinesspeoplearecommon,manyJapanesepreferabow,whilepeoplefromThailand,normallyholdtheirhandstogetherinakindofprayerposition.SoimaginehowembarrassingitwouldbeifanAmericanwasinvitedtosomeone’shomeinJapanorThailandandshetriedtohugthehost!Now,anotherbehaviorthatdiffersfromculturetocultureistheuseofnames.HaveyounoticedthatAmericansarequicktousepeople’sfirstnameseveniftheyhavejustmet.Forinstance,visitorstotheUnitedStatesarealwayssurprisedtohearemployeesspeaktotheirbossesusingfirstnames.Incontrast,peopleinmostotherculturesaremoreformalandprefertobeaddressedasMr.BrownorMr.Honda,forexample.Inaddition,insomecountries,suchasItalyorKorea,peoplelikeyoutoincludetheirtitleorpositionwiththeirfamilynames,especiallyifthey’reuniversitygraduatesorownersofabusiness.NowIwanttolookateatingcustoms.I’lltalkaboutthebehaviorsconnectedwitheatingthatvaryfromculturetoculture.Oneoftheseistheuseofutensils.YouprobablyknowthatpeopleinmanyAsianculturesusechopsticksbutinsomecountriesit’scustomarytoeatwithyourfingers.It’simportanttobeawareofdifferentdiningcustoms.Hereisanotherexample.Insomecultures,eatingeverythingonyourplateisconsideredimpolite.InEgyptandChina,youshouldleavesomefoodinyourdishattheendofthemeal.Thisistoshowthatyourhostsweregenerousandgaveyoumorethanenoughtoeat.However,Americansgenerallyconsideracleanplateasasignofsatisfactionwiththefood.Finally,whatIwanttomentiontodayisgiftgiving,whichyoumaythinkisauniversalcustomandthereisnotmuchvariationfromculturetoculture.Buttherulesofgiftgivingcanbeverycomplicated.InUSA,ifyou’reinvitedtosomeone’shomefordinner,bringwineorflowersorsmallitemasapresent.Ontheotherhand,theJapanesegivegiftsquitefrequently,oftentothanksomeone,suchasateacheroradoctor.IntheJapaneseculture,giftgivingisaveryancienttraditionandithasmanydetailedrules.Anotherinterestingfactaboutgiftgivingisthatmanycultureshavestrictrulesaboutgiftsyoushouldnotgive.Forexample,nevergiveyellowflowerstopeoplefromIran,whichmeansyouhatethem!【评析】本文题材对考生来说并不陌生，是老生常谈的文化差异。作者先从一个故事引入，再从四个方面(打招呼，称谓，饮食及送礼)介绍各国不同的风俗习惯。做笔记时，从这四个角度进行归类，记下关键的实词，相信正确答案就近在咫尺了。【难词】bown.鞠躬addressv.称呼utensiln.餐具universaladj.普遍的'，通用的SentenceTranslation1.High-school-ageboysaremorelikelytobeobesethantheirfemalecounterparts.Only30%ofhigh-school-ageboysgettherecommended60minutesofdailyexercise.高中男生比同龄女生更容易肥胖。只有30%的高中男生达到了推荐的每天1小时的运动量。2.Innovationislikeabambooshoot.Abambooshootspendsmanyyearsunderground,andthenitjustpeaksitsheaduplikeaseedinganditjustshowsupveryquickly.创新就像竹笋。竹笋深埋地下多年之后，就像种子一样破土而出、快速成长。3.Wal-Martwillbeofferingsomeonlinespecialsasearlyas8:00a.m.onThanksgiving.Someofthein-storedealswillalsobeavailableonline,butotherswillbeInternet-onlyspecials.沃尔玛将在感恩节早上八点提供网购特价产品。一些实体店商品也可以在网上买到，但还有一些只供网路销售。4.Smallcompaniescan’tgetthecredittheyneed.Statisticsshowthatabigdropinlandingtosmallbusinessesinthelastquarterof2012andconditionsthatremaintightthrough2013.小公司不能获得他们想要的贷款了。数据表