美国文学选读复习提纲

Proses:NathanHawthorne:TheScarletLetter-Chapter2Hawthorne:心理分析小说，以宗教罪恶观sin评价社会。-WhyarewomenespeciallytheelderonessoharshandintoleranttoHester?Startledorastonishedbythebeauty,elegantanddignityofHester.Thepatriarchalsocietyletwomenhaveeternalizedpatriarchalideas,unfavorableforwomenadulterers.-HowdoestheauthorportrayHesterPrynne?Coreimpressiveimage:theartisticallyandfantasticallymadeletterA.Appearanee-Whatdoesthescarletletterwithgoldthreadandelaborateembroidery(朿9绣)suggests?ClueofHester'sattitshemakesamockeryofherpunishmentbymakingthisplainsymbolofadulteryintoagorgeousdecoration.Tonegatetheawfulmeaningoftheletter.aspunishment,血红色的A字象征这人们反对humannature,lush,有devilish意味，而Hesterwantstochangeherhumanreality,tomakeitprettierthanitreallyis.-Whatdoes“A”standfor?Adultery/Angel(appearingintheskywhengovernordies)/Able(Hestergainsinfluenee)-WhatkindofpersonisChillingworth?Devilordevil'semissaryorSataicDldintellectandoldage,withouthomininefeelingsfromheartandsoul.InHester'srecalling,heis"…pale.”SharpContrastHesterChillingworthYoung,beautiful,perfectinfigureOld(inhisdecayingage),ugly,deformed,coldandindifferentHermanMelville:MobyDick-Chapter41CharacterCaptainAhabImageofAmerican:anidealistandanegonist.WillaCather:MissJewettSarahOrneJewett'spoeticprinciplesJewettbothasawriterandapersonCather'spoeticprinciplesAsawriter,Jewetthasherownwritingstyle.Shefocusesontheplaceswhereshelivesandloves,andmakesthemsubject-mattersofherstories.(Wherevershemightbe,ShecarriedtheMaineshore-countrywithher.Sheloveditbyinstinet,andinthelightofwideexperienee,fromnearandfromafar.Everyday,ineveryseasonoftheyear,sheenjoyedthebeautifulcountryinwhichshehadthegoodfortunetobeborn.HerloveoftheMainecountrywasthesupremehappinessofherlife.Herstorieswerebutreflections,quiteincidental,ofthatpeculiarandintenselypersonalpleasure.Take,forinstanee,thatdear,daybreakparagraphwhichbeginsBytheMorningBoat”：OnthecoastofMaine…'P127paragraph3)ShewriteswithdelightfulhumorthatcomesfromherdelicateandtactfulhandlingofhernativeIanguage.(Herpersonalopinionsshevoicedlightly,half-humorously;anyexpressionwasspontaneous,theoutgrowthoftheimmediateconversation.)And,thedistinctivethingaboutMissJewettisthatshehasherownindividualvoice.(hercommentonthestoryofamule)SherwoodAnderson:TheTriumphoftheEggF.ScottFitzgerald:TheGreatGatsbyEastandWestEggrepresent,respectively,thesplitamongupperclasssocietyofold-monied,aristocraticfamiliesandthe'nouveauriche"familieswhosefortuneswererecentlymade.Inthetimesettingforthisnovel,thisdivisionwasdistinctandveryrelevant"Oldmoney"wasconsideredmorErespe匚lablEthanTlnewmoney"andthisisevidentinthesocialdepictionoflifeinEastEggandlifeinWestEgg.Consider,forexample,howDaisy(wholivesinEastEgg)considersGatsby's(aWestEggresident)partiestobedecadentandjnliikethe(:ivilizedgathering£sheisa匚customedtoatteriding.Nickultimatelyreturnswestbecausehehasbecomedisillusionedwitheastcoastsociety.Heleftthewestrlikemanypeopleofhisera,insearchofaricher,broader,culturalexperience.AfterhisexperienceswithGatsbyrNickfindstheeast白ndit£attendantlifestyletobecontemptibleandlackinginauthenticity.EastEggandWestEggtogetherrepresenttheongoingdivisionsinsociety.EastEggiswheretheMreal"aristocratslive:thosewitholdermoneyandestablishedcredentials.WestEggiswherethenewmoneylives,andisnotconsideredasclassy.NickretumstoWestEggbecause,whilehehassomesocialcredenti^hthatmightallowhimtoliveinEastEgg；heistryingtomakesomethingofhimself,inawaylikeGatsby,hisneighbor,andthewesterncommunityisforthosestillconstructingtheiridentities*ErnestHemingway:AClean,Well-LightedPlaceExistentialismandthe“LostGeneration"AlthoughHemingwaywaswritingyearsbeforeexistentialismbecameaprominentcultureidea,hisquestioningoflifeandhisexperiencesasasearchingmemberofthelostgenerationgavehisworkexistentialistovertones.Nothingness:(nada)anexistentialangstabouthisplaceintheuniverseandanuncertaintyaboutthemeaningoflife.Thestruggletodealwithdespair:theolderwaitercannotactuallystaveoffdespair:ineffectivemethodsincluding:money(bar)/mockingprayers(religion)TheOlderWaiter:Lonely,recognizeshimselfintheoldmanandseeshisownfuture.TheYoungerWaiter:na^Veandinsensitive,immature,demonstratesadismissiveattitudetowardhumanlifeingeneral.Symbols:Thecaf-theoppositeofnothingnessCleanlinessandgoodlightingOrderandclarityNothingnessChaotic,confusinganddarkStyle:minimalist/”icebergprinciple”Deceptivepacing:写作风格从简，导致故事节奏忽快忽慢。Conveysonlythemostessentialinformationinthescene.SaulBellow:LookingforMr.GreenCharacteranalysis:RaynorandFieldPoets:19thCentury:WaltWhitman:One'sSelfISingEmilyDickinson: