光的干涉 课件-高二上学期物理人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

1相关知识复习波的干涉两列波（源）的频率必须相同并且有固定的相位差。如果两列波的频率不同或者两个波源没有固定的相位差（相差），相互叠加时波上各个质点的振幅是随时间而变化的，没有振动总是加强或减弱的区域，因而不能产生稳定的干涉现象，不能形成干涉图样复习2

生活中的现象e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC3第三节光的干涉第四章光e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC3光到底是什么？e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC3杨氏双缝干涉实验e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC3平凡的现象伟大的问题科学的真谛动动手e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC31、组内分工合作2、按照课本上实验要点进行操作，思考以下问题：（1）、光的干涉产生的条件

（2）、光的干涉在屏上的现象3、注意安全杨氏双缝干涉实验e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC3一、实验示意图二、实验要点直接把激光打在光屏上，观察现象。激光笔正对双缝，观察现象并描述。杨氏双缝干涉实验e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC31、装置特点双缝很近0.1mm2、（1）要用单色光（2）单缝作用：获取光源

双缝作用：获取相干光源3、现象：屏上获得明暗相间的条纹、条纹等宽等间距相干光源杨氏双缝干涉实验e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC34、干涉图样的特点中央明纹：屏上到S1、S2距离相等的点出现的明条纹。屏上获得明暗相间的条纹、条纹等宽等间距e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC3中央明条纹

明条纹e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC3

暗条纹光程差e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC3(1)

空间的某点距离光源S1和S2的路程差为0、1

λ、2λ、3

λ、等波长的整数倍(半波长的偶数倍)时，该点为振动加强点。

亮纹光程差e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC3(2)空间的某点距离光源S1和S2的路程差为λ

/2、3

λ/2、5λ/2、等半波长的奇数倍时，该点为振动减弱点。

暗纹想一想e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC3如果将红光换成蓝光、紫光、白光会得到什么样的干涉结果？条纹间距e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC31、什么是干涉条纹的间距(条纹宽度)?亮纹和亮纹之间的距离或暗纹和暗纹之间的距离叫做条纹间距。说明：我们所说的亮纹是指最亮的地方，暗纹是最暗的地方，从最亮到最暗有一个过渡，条纹间距实际上是最亮和最亮或最暗和最暗之间的距离。干涉条纹间距与那些因素有关e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC31、保持L、d不变，用不同的单色光进行实验红光的条纹间距最大，紫光的最小。2、L、λ不变，只改变双缝距离d-小，条纹间距越大，

3、d、λ不变，只改变屏与缝之间的距离L越大，条纹间距越大

推导条纹间距公式e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC3

亮暗条纹间距公式：课堂小结e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67