2012年江苏专转本英语专项习题-阅读二

2012年江苏专转本英语专项习题--阅读二PassageThreeAboutsixyearsagoIwaseatinglunchinarestaurantinNewYorkCitywhenawomaandayoungboysatdownatthenexttable,Icouldn'thelpoverhearingpartsoftheirconversation.Atonepointthewomanasked:"So,howhaveyoubeen?"Andtheboy-whoconothavebeenmorethansevenoreightyearsold-replied."Frankly,I'vebeenfeelinglittledepressedlately.''Thisincidentstuckinmymindbecauseitconfirmedmygrowingbeliefthatchildrenarechanging.AsfarasIcanremember,myfriendsandIdidn'tfindoutwewere"depressed"untilwewereinhighschool.Theevidenceofachangeinchildrenhasincreasedsteadilyinrecentyears.Childrdon'tseemchildlikeanymore.Childrenspeakmorelikeadults,dressmorelikeadultsabehavemorelikeadultsthantheyusedto.Whetherthisisgoodorbadisdifficulttosay,butitcertainlyisdifferent.Childhoodasitoncewasnolongerexists,Why?Humandevelopmentisbasednotonlyoninnate生的)biologicalstates,butalsopatternsofaccesstosocialknowledge.Movementfromonesocialrotetoanotherusuallinvolveslearningthesecretsofthenewstatus.Childrenhavealwaysbeentaughtsecrets,butslowlyandinstages:traditionally,wetellsixthgradersthingswekeephiddenfromfifthgraders.Inthelast30years.however,asecret-revelationmachinehasbeeninstalledin98percentofAmericanhomes.Itiscalledtelevision,Televisionpassesinformationandindiscriminatelytoallviewersalike,betheychildrenoradults.Unabletoresistthetemptation,manychildrenturntheirattentionfromprintedtextstothelesschallenging,morevividmovingpictures.Communicationthroughprint,asamatteroffact,allowsforagreatdealofcontrooverthesocialinformationtowhichchildrenhaveaccess.Readingandwritinginvolvecomplexcodeofsymbolsthatmustbememorizedandpractices.Childrenmustreadsimplebooksbeforetheycanreadcomplexmaterials.Accordingtotheauthor,feelingdepressedis .asuresignofapsychologicalprobleminachildsomethinghardlytobeexpectedinayoungchildaninevitablehasofchildren'smentaldevelopmentamentalscalepresentinallhumans,includingchildrenTraditionally,achildissupposedtolearnabouttheadultworld .throughcontactwithsocietyC)naturallyandbybiologicalinstinctgraduallyandunderguidanceD)throughexposuretosocialinformationThephenomenonthattoday'schildrenseemadultlikeisattributedbytheto .thewidespreadinfluenceoftelevisionthepoorarrangementofteachingcontentthefastpaceofhumanintellectualdevelopmenttheconstantlyrisingstandardoflivingWhyistheauthorinfavorofcommunicationthroughprintforchildren?Itenableschildrentogainmoresocialinformation.Itdevelopschildren'sinterestinreadingandwriting.Ithelpschildrentomemorizeandpracticemore.Itcancontrolwhatchildrenaretolearn.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthechangeintoday'schildren?Hefeelsamusedbychairprematurebehavior.Hethinksitisaphenomenonworthyofnote.Heconsidersitapositivedevelopment.Heseemstobeupsetaboutit.PassageFour"Opinion"isawordthatisusedcarelesslytoday.Itisusedtorefertomattersotaste,belief,andjudgment.Thiscasualusewouldprobablycauselittleconfusionifpeopledidn'tattachtoomuchimportancetoopinion.Unfortunately,mosttoattachgreatimportancetoit."Ihaveasmuchrighttomyopinionasyoutoyours,''and''Everyone'sentitletohisopinion,''arecommonexpressions.Infact,anyonewhowouldchallengeanother'opinionislikelytobebrandedintolerant.Isthatlabelaccurate?Isitintoleranttochallengeanother'sopinion?Itdependsonwhatdefinitionofopinionyouhaveinmind.Forexample,youmayaskafriend''WhadoyouthinkofthenewFordcars?"Andhemayreply,"Inmyopinion,they'reugly."Inthiscase,itwouldnotonlybeintoleranttochallengehisstatement,butfoolish.Forit'sobviousthatbyopinionhemeanshispersonalpreference,amatteroftaste.Andatheoldsayinggoes,''It'spointlesstoargueaboutmattersoftaste."Butconsiderthisverydifferentuseoftheterm,AnewspaperreportsthattheSupremeCourthasdelivereditsopinioninacontroversialcase.Obviouslythejusticesdidshaletheirpersonalpreferences,theirmerelikesanddislikes,Theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,painstakinglyarrivedatafterthoroughinquiryanddeliberation.Mostofwhatisreferredtoasopinionfallssomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.isnotanexpressionoftaste.Norisitcarefuljudgment.Yetitmaycontainelementsboth.Itisavieworbeliefmoreorlesscasuallyarrivedat,withorwithoutexaminintheevidence.Iseveryoneentitledtohisopinion?Ofcourse,thisisnotonlypermitted,butguaranteed.Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongas,indoingso,dowenotharmothers.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE,accordingtotheauthor?Everyonehasarighttoholdhisownopinion.Freeexpressionofopinionsoftenleadstoconfusion.Mostpeopletendtobecarelessinformingtheiropinions.Casualuseoftheword"opinion"oftenbringsaboutquarrels.Accordingtotheauthor,whoofthefollowingwouldbelaboredasintolerant?A)Someonewhoturnsadeafeartoothers'opinions.B)Someonewhocan'tputupwithothers'tastes.Someonewhovaluesonlytheirownopinions.Someonewhoseopinionharm.otherpeople.ThenewFordcarsarecitedasanexampletoshowthat .itisfoolishtocriticizeafamousbrandoneshouldnotalwaysagreetoothers'opinionspersonaltastesaren