2020-2021学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷(新高考)笔试部分(山东版)

2020-2021学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷（新高考）（山东版）笔试注意事项：答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AEnjoyaconcert,opera,oraballetthattouchesyoursoul,Ontariohasyourticketstoperformancesyear-round.PerformingArtsOttawa'sNationalArtsCentreandMERIDIANHALLinTorontobothpresentgreatseriesofmusic,danceandshows.Representingprofessionaldanceandoperacompaniesinthecity,theTorontoAllianceforthePerformingArts（TAPA）willallowyoutoknowwhat'splayingonToronto'sstages;downloadtheirmobileappforon-the-goperformingartstickets,reviewsandsearches,andfreetelephoneserviceisalsoavailableformoreguidance.TheatreYou'lllovethesummertheatreinOntario'sscenicruralspaces.EnjoytheCanadianstoriesinahistoricbarn（谷仓）atthe4thLineTheatrenearPeterborough.TheBrightonBarnTheatreisanotheruniquetheatresetinafarmfield.Onceaworkingcattlebarn,theGlobusTheatreattheLABnowiswell-knownforofferingaprofessionalsummerseasonfortheatreandamixofdramasandcomedynightsatothertimesthroughouttheyear.Itcreatespartnershipswiththeatrecompaniesinvariouscountries,andshowsdiversetheatreforcommunities.OrchestralMusic(管弦乐)Enjoythewide-rangingprogramsofTorontoSymphonyOrchestra.Hamilton'smusicsceneisboomingwiththeHamiltonOrchestraofferingupanotherseasonofgreatconcerts,asistheOntarioPhilharmonicinOshawa,withasolidseasonofexcellenttraditionalmusic,wonderfulwithgreatspecialevents.BalletTorontoisacentrefordifferentCanadiandancefromtheNationalBalletofCanadatotheTorontoDanceTheatre.TheBalletSeriesattheNationalArtsCentre(NAC)presentsthreeballetproductionsinSouthamHall,eachfeaturingtheNACOrchestra.WhatmighttheTAPAfunctionas?Anapplication.B.Aguidebook.C.Anartcentre.D.Aserviceorganization.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheGlobusTheatre?ItliesinascenicfarmfiledinOntario.Itprovidesperformancesfromaroundtheworld.Itoncewaswell-knownasaworkingcattlebarn.Itshowsdramasandcomediesthroughouttheyear.Wherewillthosefondofclassicalworksprefertogo?Ottawa'sNationalArtsCentre.TheBrightonBarnTheatre.TheOntarioPhilharmonic.TheTorontoDanceTheatre.Asanadult,IrealizedthatIhadnoskills,soIwenttotradeschool.Ienteredacabinetmaking（家具制造）program.Ididn'tthinkIwouldbegoodatbuildingfurniture.I'mnothandy.Nobodyinmyfamilyis.Ihadgreatteachers,butmakingfurnitureishard.Therearesomanystepsandsomethingcangowrongateachone.Icouldn'tevengetorganized.Mytoolboxalwayslookedlikeahurricanehadgonethroughit.Ididn'tfullyknowwhatIwasdevotingmyselftoatthebeginning,butIkeptgoingtoclass.Itriedtowrapmybrainaroundthemath.Theprojectsforcedmetosolvenewkindsofproblems.Mybrainstartedtobuildnewconnections.Workinginthisnewphysicalmannerandgivingit100percentofmyefforthadhugebenefitsformymentalhealth.Igotoverfearofembarrassmentandaskedforhelpateveryopportunity.Ispentthatyeartrulylearning.Truelearningisahumbling（令人谦卑的）experience,especiallyforthoseofuswhoarelearninganewsetofskills.IcouldunderstandexactlywhatwaswrongwiththefurnitureImade,butIcouldn'tfixmymistakes.Andyet,Ikepttrying.Andfailing.Andfailingagain.UntilIlearnedtofailbetter.You'regoingtobebadatanythingwhenyoustartout,butIwasprettybadrighttotheend.Evenso,Ifinishedtheprogram一withhonors,noless!Mygradeswerehelpedbymygoodwrittenwork.Havingtoconstantlypushbeyondmycomfortzonehasmademeamorewell-roundedperson.Maybemostimportantly,tradeschoolgavemeamorerealisticideaofmystrengthsandlimitations.I'mstrongerthanIthought!Whydidtheauthorsignupforthecabinetmakingprogram?Tomakemorefriends.Todevelopnewskills.Togetmoreorganized.Tobecomeahandydesigner.Whichwordscanbestdescribetheauthorduringtheone-yearlearning?Hard-workingandconfident.Intelligentandcreative.Single-mindedanddetermined.Modestandflexible.Whatcanweknowabouttheauthor?Hegotapoorgradeonhandwork.Hefearedtosocializewithstrangers.Hewasskilledinsolvingmathproblems.Heoncegottiredofthedifficultlessons.Whatdoestheauthor'sexperienceshow?Practicemakesperfect.Learningismorethanaskill.Failureteachessuccess.Skillswillneverbeaburden.CEveryanimalspeciescarriesuniquevirusesthathavespecificallyadaptedtoinfectingit.Overtime,someofthesehavejumpedtohumans一theseareknownas“zoonotic”viruses.Asthepopulationgrows,wemoveintowildareas,whichbringsusintomorefrequentcontactwithanimalswedon'tnormallyhavecontactwith.Thusvirusescanjumpfromanimalstohumansandtheycanspreadbetweenhumans,throughclosecontactwithbodyfluids（体液）likebloodorurine.Becauseeveryvirushasevolvedtotargetaparticularspecies,it'srareforavirustobeabletojumptoanotherspecies.Whenthisdoeshappen,it'sbychance,anditusuallyrequiresalargeamountofcontactwiththevirus.Initially,thevirusisusuallynotwell-suitedtoitsnewhostanddoesn'tspreadeasily.Overtime,however,itcanevolveinthenewhosttoproducevariantsthatarebetteradapted.Whenvirusesjumptoanewhost,aprocesscalledzoonosis,theyoftencausemoreseveredisease.Thisisbecausevirusesandtheirinitialhostshaveevolvedtogether,andthespecieshastimetobuildupresistance.Thenewhostspecies,ontheotherhand,mightnothaveevolvedtheabilitytotackle(应对)thevirus.Forexample,whenwecomeintocontactwithbatsandtheirviruses,wemaydeveloprabiesorEbolavirusdisease,whilethebatsthemselvesarelessaffected.It'slikelythatbatsaretheoriginalsourceofthreerecentlyemergedcoronaviruses:SARS-CoV(2003),MERS-CoV(2012)andSARS-CoV-2.Allofthesejumpfrombatstohumansviaanintermediateanimal;inthecaseofSARS-CoV-2,thismayhavebeenpangolins(穿山甲),butmoreresearchisneeded.Whyisitrareforavirustoinfectanotherspecies?Thenewhostcandealwiththevirus.Thenewspeciesbuildsupresistance.Everyviruscan'tadapttothenewspecies.Eachvirusdevelopstotargetaspecificspecies.Whatisthefifthparagraphmainlyabout?Theresistanceoftheoldspecies.Theabilityofthenewhostspecies.Theprocessoftheviralinfection.Thereasonforthevirusvariation.Whichofthefollowingvirusesaremostlikelytohostinpangolins?SARS-CoV.SARSCoV-2.Notmentioned.MERSCoV.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?Humansshouldnotmoveintowildareas.Wildanimalsareactuallyourbestfriends.Aviruscanspreadfromanimalstohumans.Aviruscanvarytoinfectanotherspecies.DAlthoughsocialmediaallowustobecomemoreconnectedtootherpeoplethanatanytimeinhistory,anewstudysuggeststhatmanyAmericansfeellonelierthaneverbefore,whichisweakeningthenation'smentalandphysicalhealth.ThestudyconductedbythehealthinsurerCigna,foundwidespreadloneliness,withnearlyhalfofAmericansreportingtheyfeelalone,orleftoutatleastsomeofthetime.Thenation's75millionmillennials(ages23—37)andGenerationZadults(ages18—22)arelonelierthanoldergenerations.Besides,54%ofpeoplesurveyedsaidtheyfeelnooneknowsthemwell,and40%reportedthey“lackcompanionship”,their“relationshipsaren'tmeaningful”andthey“areisolated(孤孤孤)fromothers”.DouglasNemecek,MD,Cigna'schiefmedicalofficerforBehavioralHealth,saidthefindingsofthestudysuggestthattheproblemhasbecomecommon,equalingtheriskscausedbytobaccoandthenation'sever-expandingwaistline.“Lonelinesshasthesameinfluenceonhealthassmoking15cigarettesaday,whileobesity(孤孤)lessthan10cigarettesaday,”hesaidinreleasingthereport.Nemecekscommentstalliedwiththoseofotherleadingpublichealthspecialists,includingformerSurgeonGeneralVivekH.Murthy,MD,whosaidlonelinessshouldbetargetedinpublichealthcampaignslikethosedesignedtofightagainstsmokingandobesity.“Duringmyyearscaringforpatients,theworstdiseaseIsawwasnotheartdiseasediabetes;itwasloneliness,”MurthysaidinarecentcoverstoryintheHarvardBusinessReview.Thenewreport,producedinCigna'spartnershipwiththepollingcompanyIpsos,isbasedonanonlinesurveyofmorethan20,000USadultsusingthewell-regardedUCLALonelinessScaletoseehowwidespreadlonelinessisinAmerica.WhatdoesthestudyconductedbyCignafind?OlderAmericansfeelmuchlonelier.Socialmediadopeoplemoreharmthangood.Peoplebecomemoreconnectedtoeachother.SocialmediaincreaselevelsofAmericans'loneliness.WhichopinionmightDouglasNemeceksupport?Lonelinessisnotsoharmfulassmoking.Lonelinessistakenseriouslybythepublic.Lonelinessismoredangerousthanobesity.Lonelinessistargetedinpublichealthcampaigns.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“talliedwith”meaninparagraph4?Agreedwith.Variedwith.Contradicted.Inspired.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?Todiscusshealthproblems.Topresentfindingsof4recentstudy.Towarnpeopleaboutsocialmediause.ToshowthreatstoAmericans'health.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ExposuretodifferentculturesisoneofthemainreasonsIenjoyvisitingothercountries.Thereareothertypesoffood,interestingpeople,newexperiences.16Acountryusuallyhasitsownmoney,suchasRMBinChina,rupeeinIndia,andrufiyaainMaldives.17Thiscanmaketravelamongsuchcountriesmucheasierandmoreconvenient.Inmyopinion,however,IlikehavingdifferentkindsofmoneytouseandgetusedtothatwhileItravel.18WhenIvisitedThailandandVietnamlastmonth,gettingusedtothefactthat£1isequaltoover42Thaibahtand27,000Vietnamesedongwasalsoquiteagoodtestformymathsskills!Ifyou'veeverbeentotheU.K.,youwillknowtheQueen'sheadisoneverybanknoteandeverycoin.IwaslivingintheQuebecprovinceofCanadalastyearandmoneytheresurprisedmegreatly.19Thisisbecauseshe'salsoCanada'sHeadofState.ImagesontheCanadianmoneyarevarious,includingformerprimeministers,aswellasCanadianwildlifelikethebeaver,caribouandpolarbear.20WartimePrimeMinisterWinstonChurchillappearson£5banknotesandwriterJaneAusten£10banknotes.Thebanknotesarealsomadeofamaterialcalledpolymerratherthanpaper.InCanada,theyarealreadyusingpolymerbanknotesandsomepeopleeventhinkthatthemoneysmellsofmaplesyrup（枫糖浆），probablythecountry'smostwell-knownfood!Therearenewhistoricalfiguresonthepoundnotes.TheyhavetheBritishQueenontheir$20banknotes.Moneyrepresentspreferenceanddevelopmentofacounty.Ofcourse,there'remanycountriesusingeurosorUSdollars.Youwillalsobeamazedbytheimagesonthemoney.Onemorethingtomentioninanewcountryisadifferentcurrency.It'spartoftheculturalexperiencetoholdmoneywithaforeignfigure.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Sometimelastyear,MichaelBlonderbegangivingoutreusablefabricbags（布袋）witheachpurchaseinsteadofdisposableplasticbagatA.L.GoodiesGeneralStore,thesouvenirshophe21onMainStreet.Themove,Blondersaid,wasinanticipationof（预期某事的发生）abanonplasticbags,

22thecityhasnotmadeanefforttodosoinmorethanadecade.Eightstatesaroundthecountryhavealready23them.AndinneighboringMontgomeryCountyandWashington,D.C.,feeshavebeenlevied(征收)to_24consumersawayfromusingthesingle-useplasticbagsthatcan25theirwayintonearbywaterways,26stormdrainsandgettingstuckintreebranches.OnMonday,AnnapolisAldermanRobSavidgeintroduceda2thatwouldpreventany28inthecity一whoownsgrocers,conveniencestoresandothers一from29plasticbagsatthepointofsale.TheAnnapolisbillalso30a20-centfeeforeachpaperbagthat'sissuedonlyfor31businessesthosewithafootprintof20,000squarefeetormore.Savidgehopesthebillwillcutoffthepublic's32onplasticbagsandhelpcleanuppollution.Butacitybilldoesnotbecomea33untilmoreproceduresaredone.Abanisa(n)34partofenvironmentalprotection,saidRickKissel,theformervice-chairoftheAnneArundelCountySierraClub.Herecommendedadelayinplacingthebansocustomerscould35.21.A.buildsB.entersC.visitsD.runs21.A.builds22.A.thoughB.until22.A.thoughB.untilC.unlessD.after23.A.soldB.bannedC.reducedD.produced23.A.soldB.bannedC.reducedD.produced24.A.introduceB.announceC.interviewD.direct25.A.loseB.findC.fightD.wind26.A.makingupB.buildingupC.blockingupD.showingup27.A.billB.noteC.letterD.measureA.teachers24.A.introduceB.announceC.interviewD.direct25.A.loseB.findC.fightD.wind26.A.makingupB.buildingupC.blockingupD.showingup27.A.billB.noteC.letterD.measureA.teachersA.providingemployingA.looksforA.cleanerA.promiseB.officersC.doctorsD.shopkeepersB.producingC.recyclingD.B.callsforB.privateB.dependenceC.makesforC.publicC.opinionD.hopesforD.largerD.income33.A.noticeB.lawC.informationD.rule34.A.meaninglessB.impossibleC.essentialD.immediate35.A.refuseB.learnC.adjustD.understand第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Newspapers,magazines,evenonlinearticlesofferreadingmaterials.Morestrictlyspeaking,readingmeansreadingbooks.However,onlinematerialsaretaking36placeofbooks,andreadingbooksseemstogooutoffashionnowadays.37readinghabitshavechangedcanbefeltfromtheamountoftimeyoungpeoplespend38(sweep)throughshortvideosontheirsmartphones.Somepeopleclaimshortvideoscontainmuchinformation,andareeasiertolookthrough.Butby39(compare)withbooks,shortvideoshavefragmented(碎片化的)anddisorganizedcontents,whichcouldaffectpeople'sunderstandingofasubject.Readingarticlesandshortposts40(play)animportantroleinintegratingknowledgeandachievements.Butfragmentedknowledgecouldpreventusfromactingina41(practice)mannerorthinkinglogically.Acountry'struedevelopmentismeasuredfromsuch42(aspect):itsphilosophicaldevelopment,itsscientificdevelopmentanditstechnologicaldevelopment.Culturaldevelopment,too,isimportant.But43thehelpofbooks,peoplecannottakethedevelopmentforward.Sincemoreandmorepeoplecould44(bare)discoverthecharmofreadingnow,thereisaneed,therefore,45(seek)novelwaystoguidethemtowardbooks.第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华，你发现许多学生倒掉午餐到学校的小卖部去买零食，于是在同学中做了调查。请给校长写封信，内容包括：产生此现象的原因；解决问题的具体建议。1.写作词数80词左右；2.信的开头已给出，不计入总词数。DearSchoolPresident,IamLiHua,aseniorstudentinyourschool.Recently,Ifoundalotofstudentspouringlunchintheschoolcanteenandgoingtobuysnacksinstead.Yourstudent,LiHua第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Jamesshookhismoneyboxagain.Nothing!Hecarefullycountedthecoinsthatlayonthebed.$24.52wasallthathehad.Thebicyclehewantedwas$90!Howonearthwashegoingtogettherestofthemoney?Heknewthathisfriendsallhadbicycles.Itwashardtohangaroundwithpeoplewhenyouweretheonlyonewithoutwheels.Hethoughtaboutwhathecoulddo.Therewasnoneedtoaskhisparentsbecauseheknewtheyhadnomoneytospare.Therewasonlyonewaytogetmoney,andthatwastoearnit.Hewouldhavetofindajob.Butwhowouldhirehimandwhatcouldhedo?HedecidedtoaskMr.Clayforadvice,whousuallyhadopinionsinmostthings.“Well,youcanstartrighthere,”saidMr.Clay.“Mywindowsneedcleaningandmycarneedswashing.”ThatwasthebeginningofJames'soddjob（零工）business.Forthreemonthsheworkedeverydayafterfinishinghishomework.Hewassurprisedbythevariousjobsthatpeoplefoundforhimtodo.Hetookdogsandbabiesforwalks,clearedoutcupboards,andmendedbooks.Heforgotthenumberofcarshewashedandwindowshecleaned,butthemoneyincreasedandheknewthathewouldsoonhaveenoughforthebicyclehewasdyingfor.ThedayfinallycamewhenJamescountedhismoneyandfound$94.32.Hewastednotimeandwentdowntotheshoptopickupthebicyclehewanted.Ithadbeenhardworkforthemoney,butJamesknewthathevaluedhisbicyclefarmoresincehehadboughtitwithhisownmoney.Hehadachievedwhathethoughtwasimpossible,andthatwasworthevenmorethanthebicycle.、:I.注意：1.续写的词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式作答。Paragraph1:Herodeproudlyhome,lookingforwardtoshowinghisnewbicycletohisfriends.Paragraph2:Manyyearslater,Jamessucceededin参考答案第一部分阅读理解第一节A篇本文为一篇应用文，主要介绍了四个可以学习音乐和舞蹈的地方。D考查推理判断。根据PerformingArts部分的“Representingprofessionaldanceandoperacompaniesinthecity,theTorontoAllianceforthePerformingArts(TAPA)...,availableformoreguidance.”可知，TAPA会提供演出的相关信息，并且有自己的应用程序和电话服务，由此可推断，TAPA提供的是有关演出的服务。故选D项。B考查细节理解。根据Theatre部分的“theGlobusTheatre...Itcreatespartnershipswiththeatrecompaniesinvariouscountries,andshowsdiversetheatreforcommunities”可知，GlobusTheatre与不同国家的戏剧公司合作，会提供来自世界各地的表演。C考查细节理解。根据OrchestralMusic(管弦乐)部分的“...asistheOntarioPhilharmonicinOshawa,withasolidseasonofexcellenttraditionalmusic”可知，OntarioPhilharmonic有一整季的优秀传统音乐演出，因此那些爱好古典作品的人会更喜欢去这里。B篇本文是一篇记叙文，主题语境是人与自我。为了学习技能，作者参加了家具制造的课程。虽然到结课时，作者的家具制造技能仍然不好，但是在这一年的学习过程中，他还是领悟到了许多其他的东西。B考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Asanadult,IrealizedthatIhadnoskills,soIwenttotradeschool.”可知，作为成年人，作者没有一技之长，因此他才决定去上职业学校。由此可知，他是为了学习新技能。C考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Ididn'tfullyknowwhatIwasdevotingmyselftoatthebeginning,butIkeptgoingtoclass.”“giving100percentofmyeffort”，以及第四段中的“Ikepttrying”和第五段中的“Ifinishedtheprogram一withhonors,noless”可知，作者全身心地投入到制造家具的课程中，虽然工具总是摆不齐、经常犯错，但仍然没有放弃，故选C项。hard-working“努力的”,determined“意志坚定的”。A考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Iwasprettybadrighttotheend”“Ifinished...Mygradeswerehelpedbymygoodwrittenwork”可知，作者到结课时制作家具的技能还是不好，取得的成绩主要得益于其出色的书面作业，故可知作者的手工作业成绩不好。B考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Workinginthisnewphysicalmanner...Igotovermyfearofembarrassmentandaskedforhelpateveryopportunity.”，第四段中的“Truelearningisahumbling（令人谦卑的）experience”“Ilearnedtofailbetter”和第五段中的“Havingtoconstantlypushbeyondmycomfortzone...I'mstrongerthanIthought!”可知，作者在学习技能的同时促进了自己的心理健康，克服了对尴尬的恐惧，变得谦逊，而且迈出了舒适区,最重要的是对自己的优劣势有了更现实的认识。由此可知，作者这一年不仅仅是学习了技能，还有了多方面的收获，故选B项。C篇本文是一篇说明文，从科学认知的角度说明了病毒从动物到人的传播途径以及病毒发生变异的情况。该话题属于《考试大纲》所列话题中的“健康”以及“热点话题”D考查细节理解。由文章第三段第一句“Becauseeveryvirushasevolvedtotargetaparticularspecies,it'srareforavirustobeabletojumptoanotherspecies.”可知，每种病毒都以某个特定物种为攻击目标，所以病毒很难从一个物种跨越到另一个物种，故D项正确。根据第五段中的“Thenewhostspecies...mightnothaveevolvedtheabilitytotackle（应对）thevirus.”可知，新宿主还不能应对病毒，故A项错误；新物种尚未产生抵抗力，故B项错误；“并非每种病毒都不能适应新物种”，文中无信息支撑，故C项错误。D考查主旨大意。由文章第五段第一句可知，病毒寄存到新的宿主身上后，将会导致更加严重的疾病；再根据后半段的解释可知，此段主要说的是病毒变异的原因，故D项正确。A项“原物种的抵抗力”、B项“新宿主物种的能力”以及C项“病毒感染的过程”均不符合本段大意。B考查细节理解。通过文章最后一段中的“inthecaseofSARS-CoV-2,thismayhavebeenpangolins（穿山甲）”可知，穿山甲可能是病毒SARS-CoV-2传播的中间宿主。C考查推理判断。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了病毒能够从动物传播到人类，故C项正确。A项“人类不应该迁移到荒凉的地区”的说法过于极端，不能因为害怕病毒就阻止社会发展，故表述错误；B项“野生动物其实是我们最好的朋友”不是本文所要传达的信息；D项信息与原文不符，病毒是在新的宿主身上才逐渐变异的，而不是为了传染其他物种才变异的。D篇本文是一篇说明文，主题语境是人与社会。文章介绍了一项研究的成果：尽管社交媒体让我们比历史上任何时候都更容易与人建立起联系，但是许多美国人感到比以往任何时候都孤独。D考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“anewstudysuggeststhatmanyAmericansfeellonelierthaneverbefore”可知，新的研究发现社交媒体让美国人变得更加孤独。C考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Lonelinesshasthesameinfluenceonhealthassmoking15cigarettesaday,whileobesity（肥胖）lessthan10cigarettesaday”可知，孤独对健康的影响相当于每天吸15支烟的影响，而肥胖对健康的影响相当于每天吸不到10支烟的影响。由此可推知，孤独比肥胖更危险。A考查词义猜测。根据上文提到的Nemecek的言论和下文中的“thoseofotherleadingpublichealthspecialists...lonelinessshouldbetargetedinpublicheathcampaignslikethosedesignedtofightagainstsmokingandobesity”以及“theworstdiseaseIsawwasnotheartdiseaseordiabetes;itwasloneliness”可知，此处表示Nemecek的言论与其他一些健康专家的言论是一致的，故选A。B考查写作目的。根据文章内容尤其是文章首尾两段呼应可知，本文主要介绍了一项新研究的结果：尽管社交媒体使得人们更易与他人产生联系，但许多美国人却感到比以往任何时候都要孤独。第二节本文是一篇说明文，主题语境是“人与社会”。作者讲述了他喜欢去别的国家旅游以从当地的新鲜事物中接触不同的文化，货币就是其中之一，通过不同国家的货币可以了解他们的文化和历史。F上文提至U“Thereareothertypesoffood,interestingpeople,newexperiences.”,下文讲述各个国家的货币，F项“Onemorethingtomentioninanewcountryisadifferentcurrency.”承上启下，符合题意。D根据空后的“Thiscanmaketravelbetweensuchcountriesmucheasierandmoreconvenient.”可知，空处是导致这个结果的原因。D项中提及“很多国家使用欧元或美元”，这正是给人们旅游带来便利的原因。G结合上文中的“IlikehavingdifferentkindsofmoneytouseandgetusedtothatwhileItravel.”以及下文作者去泰国和越南用当地的货币可知，作者认为通过使用不同的货币可以了解当地的文化，G项正是说明这一点。B结合上文提到的“theQueen'sheadisoneverybanknoteandeverycoin”和下文中“Thisisbecauseshe'salsoCanada'sHeadofState”可知，英国的货币上有女王的头像，同时英国女王也是加拿大的国家元首，所以空处表示加拿大的货币上也有女王头像，B项符合语境。A下一句提到丘吉尔（的头像）出现在了5英镑纸币上，作家简•奥斯汀（的头像）出现在了10英镑的纸币上，再结合第三段提至“如果你至过英国，你就知道女王的头像出现在所有的纸币和硬币上”可知，此处应表示英镑上出现了新的人物形象。第二部分语言运用第一节本文是一篇记叙文。一家纪念品店的店主MichaelBlonder给来自己店里购物的顾客发放布袋，而不是塑料袋，目的是希望政府能够禁止使用一次性塑料袋，以利于环境保护。D由空前的“givingoutreusablefabricbags(布袋)witheachpurchase”可知，MichaelBlonder是纪念品店的店主，故填“经营”，符合文意。A联系上下文可知，此处表示尽管该城市十多年来都还没有试图这样做。空处前后存在意思上的让步，故用though引导让步状语从句。B由下文中的“feeshavebeenlevied(征收)”可知，全国有8个州实施了禁令。“them”对应上文中的“abanonplasticbags”，故选B。D联系上下文可知，此处表示征收费用的目的是引导消费者不使用一次性塑料袋。故选directoB此处表示一次性塑料袋会进入附近的航道。findone'swayto/into“进入，到达”。C联系上下文并结合常识可知，一次性塑料袋会堵塞雨水道。blockup“塞住，封住(孔、洞)”，符合文意。A由下文中的“TheAnnapolisbill”可知，所缺的词是bill,意为“法案，议案”。D由破折号后面的内容“whoownsgrocers,conveniencestoresandothers”可知，此处指的是店主(shopkeepers)。A联系上下文可知，此处指该法案阻止他们提供(providing)塑料袋。故选A。B联系上下文可知，此处表示安纳波利斯法案也要求每个纸袋征收20美分。callfor“(公开)要求”，符合文意。D根据下文中的“thosewithafootprintof20,000squarefeetormore”可知，此处指规模较大的公司，故选D。B联系上下文可知，此处表示Savidge希望这个法案能够中断公众对塑料袋的依赖(dependence)o故选B。B联系上下文可知，此处讲述议案成为法律的过程，故选law。C联系上下文可知，一项禁令是环境保护必不可少的一部分。essential“极其重要的，必不可少的”，符合文意。C由上文中的“recommendedadelayinplacingtheban”可推知，他建议推迟实施这一禁令的目的是让消费者可以适应(adjust)o故选C。第二节本文为一篇说明文，主题语境是“人与社会”。随着阅读习惯的转变，越来越多的人几乎发现不了传统书籍的魅力，年轻人花在刷手机上的时间过