新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版第三册(含单元测试)答案

新视野视听闻3（第二版）Unit1Enjoythecolorfulcampuslife!BasicListeningPracticeKeys:1.C2.D3.B4.D5.AIII.ListeningInTask1:OnthefirstdayKeys:(1)thefirstday(2)changing(3)reallygood(4)hardworkers(5)wentoverherhead(6)explained(7)notes(8)Wednesday(9)participation(10)educationTask2:Howtoselectelectivecourses?Keys:(1)extratraining(2)chemistry(3)accounting(4)manyfieldsofstudy(5)betterpotential(6)businessdegree(7)challenging(8)howtolearn(9)betterunderstanding(10)narrow-mindedTask3:HowtogetstraightA's?Keys:1.B2.C3.D4.A5.DIV.SpeakingOutMODEL1精选MODEL2MODEL3V.Let?ˉsTalkTask1:Maintainingthequalityorincreasingtheintake?Keys:(1)quality(2)young(3)25(4)difficult(5)government(6)quality(7)cut(8)extra-cautious(9)afford(10)experience(11)more(12)blame(13)budget(14)puzzled(15)serviceTask2:What'syouranswer?Accordingtotheinterviewee,it'sdifficulttostrikeabalancebetweenmaintainingtheeducationalqualityandmakingsureasmanypeopleaspossiblereceiveuniversityeducation.Inthepastyears,Chinahasbeenconfrontedwiththesameproblem.Theuniversityenrollmenthasbeenontheincreaseandsomeinstitutionsofhigherlearningdonothaveenoughteachersandteachingfacilities,thusaffectingtheeducationalquality.Task3:Let'sgroupwork!VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingListeningTask:Task1:ProblemswithoureducationalsystemScript:Hi,everybody.Mytopictodayis"Problemswithoureducationalsystem".Idisagreeonalotofthewaysthatthingshavehappenedforalongtimeinoureducationalsystem.Itseemsthateducatorsjustwanttogivestandardizedtests,whichfocusonlyonacademicperformanceandneglectstudents'abilitiesand精选interestinotherareas.Ithinktherearealotofpeoplewhoareveryintelligent,buthaven'thadtheopportunitiestheycouldhavehadiftheyhadlearnedinabroader-mindededucationalsystem.Ifeelthatalotofcoursesthatstudentsarerequiredtotakeinhighschoolaretooacademic,and,asaresult,manykidshavelosttheirinterestinlearning.Educatorsoftenfailtorecognizevariouskindsofintelligence.Theysimplyexertalotofpressureonstudentstobeaswell-roundedaspossible.Ithinkbeingwell-roundedisn'treallypossible.Andasaconsequence,somestudentsIbelievetobeintelligentcan'tgetintogoodcollegesifthey,youknow,haven'tscoredwellonthemathsection,eveniftheyarebrilliantwriters.Anotherthingthatdisturbsmeisthattheso-calledweakstudentsareseparatedfromtherestoftheschool.Somekidsarekeptinaseparateclassiftheirgradesarelowerthanothers'.Andthey'reveryawareoftheirsocialposition,youknow.Ithinkitcausesthemtoactinawaythatisnotreallypositive.They'rejustactinginawaytheyareexpected.Oftentheirgradesgofrombadtoworse.Andthat'sprettysad.Ithinkthatmanyofthekidsinthoseclassesareintelligent,buttheyneveractuallyrealizetheirpotentialbecauseofthewaytheyaretreatedearlyonintheireducation.Keys:(1)standardizedtests(2)abilitiesandinterest(3)interest(4)pressure(5)well-rounded(6)getintogoodcolleges(7)therestoftheschool(8)frombadtoworseTask2:ThefinalexamScriptAtauniversity,therewerefoursophomorestakingachemistrycourse.Theyweredoingsowellonallthequizzes,midterms,labs,etc.thateachhad精选an"A"sofarforthesemester.Thesefourfriendsweresoconfidentthatontheweekendbeforethefinal,theydecidedtogouptotheUniversityofVirginiaandpartywithsomefriendsthere.Theyhadagreattimeanddidn'tmakeitbacktoschooluntilearlyMondaymorning.Ratherthantakingthefinalthen,theydecidedtofindtheirprofessorafterthefinalandexplaintohimwhytheymissedit.Theyexplainedthattheyhadplannedtocomebackintimeforthefinalexam,but,unfortunately,theyhadaflattireonthewaybackanddidn'thaveaspare.Asaresult,theymissedthefinal.Theprofessorthoughtitoverandthenagreedtheycouldmakeupthefinalthefollowingday.Theguyswererelievedandelated.Thenextday,theprofessorplacedtheminseparaterooms,handedeachofthemapaper,andtoldthemtobegin.Theylookedatthefirstproblem,worthfivepoints.Itwasasimplequestiononachemicalreaction."Cool,"theyallthoughtatthesametime,eachoneinhisseparateroom,"thisisgoingtobeeasy."Eachfinishedtheproblemandthenturnedthepage.Onthesecondpagewasaquestionworth95points:"Whichofthetireswasflat?"Keys:(1)course(2)quizzes(3)semester(4)confident(5)party(6)make(7)missed(8)theyhadaflattireonthewaybackanddidn'thaveaspare(9)placedtheminseparaterooms,handedeachofthemapaper(10)OnthesecondpagewasaquestionworthTask3:HarvardUniversityScript精选HarvardUniversityistheoldestinstituteofhigherlearningintheUnitedStates.Founded16yearsafterthearrivalofthePilgrimsatPlymouth,theuniversityhasgrownfromninestudentswithasinglemastertothepresentenrollmentofmorethan21,000students,includingundergraduatesandstudentsin10graduateandprofessionalschools.Over14,000peopleworkatHarvard,includingmorethan2,100facultymembers.HarvardhasproducedeightAmericanpresidentsandmanyNobelPrizewinners.Duringitsearlyyears,HarvardofferedaclassicacademiccoursebasedonthemodelofEnglishuniversities,butconsistentwiththeprevailingPuritanphilosophy.AlthoughmanyofitsearlygraduatesbecameministersinPuritanchurchesthroughoutNewEngland,theuniversitywasneverformallyaffiliatedwithaspecificreligiousgroup.UnderPresidentPusey,HarvardstartedwhatwasthenthelargestfundraisingcampaigninthehistoryofAmericanhighereducation.Itwasan82.5-million-dollarprogramfortheuniversity.Theprogramincreasedfacultysalaries,broadenedstudentaid,creatednewprofessorships,andexpandedHarvard'sphysicalfacilities.NeiIL.RudenstinetookofficeasHarvard's26thpresidentin1991.Aspartofanoverallefforttoachievegreatercoordinationamongtheuniversity'sschoolsandfaculties,RudenstineencouragedacademicplanningandidentifiedsomeofHarvard'smainintellectualpriorities.Healsostressedtheimportanceoftheuniversity'sexcellenceinundergraduateeducation,thesignificanceofkeepingHarvard'sdoorsopentostudentsfromfamiliesofdifferenteconomicbackgrounds,andthetaskofadaptingtheresearchuniversitytoaneraofbothrapidinformationgrowthandseriousfundshortage.Keys:1.B2.A3.C4.D5.DViewingandspeaking:Task1:UniversitybudgetcutsScript精选Host:Well,DavidLammy,theUniversityMinister,joinsmefromWestminster.Nowthanksforjoiningusthislunchtime,Mr.Lammy.Howdothesecuts...tieinwithyourmuchtrumpetedcommitmenttoincreasinghighereducation?Interviewee:Well,Ithinkit'simportanttoremindviewersthatwewillspendwellover12billionpoundsonhighereducationthisyearandtoalsosaythattherewillbemorestudentsatuniversitynextyearthaneverbeforeinourhistory.Butwhatisimportantisthatwhentheygettouniversity,isthattheyhavegoodfacilities,goodbuildings,thattheyhavegoodcontactwiththeirlecturersand,forstudentsfrompoorerbackgroundsthattheyreceiveagrant.Andyouknow40percentofstudentswhoaregoingtouniversityareinreceiptofsomegrants.Sowehavetoplan...Host:Butthere'sgoingtobelessmoneynextyear.That'sthebottomline,isn'tit?Interviewee:Er,weareaskinguniversitiestomakeaonepercentcutintheirteachinggrant.That's51millionoutofatotalbudgetofoverfivebillion.Look,IthinktherearefamiliesacrossthecountrypreparingforChristmasspendingabitlessandthey're,youknow,it'salotmorethanonepercentthatthey're,they'refeeling.SoIthinkthisisreasonabletoaskuniversitiesifwearetoensurethatwecancontinuetosendmoreyoungpeopletouniversityandweremaincommittedtothat.Host:Andbriefly,whataboutthesetwo-yeardegrees?Thisisareductioninstandards,isn'tit?Interviewee:Well,we,we,we...It'simportantinthiscountrythatwerememberthatstudentsaren'tjusttheclassic18-to21-year-oldundergraduates.Wewantmaturestudents.Wewantmoreparttimestudentsandoverthelastfewyearswe'vebeengrowingthenumberoffoundationdegree,two-yeardegreesthatensurethattransitionintohighuniversityandhighlevelskills.That'swhatwewanttosupportandthat'swhatwe'reindicatinginthegrantletterthatwe'vesenttouniversitiesoverthelastfewdays.Host:OK.DavidLammy,thankyousomuchforjoiningus.Interviewee:Thankyou.精选Keys:(1)increasing(2)12/twelve(3)more(4)facilities(5)lecturers(6)poorer(7)grant(8)one(9)budget(10)less(11)young(12)classic(13)part-time(14)growing(15)two-yearTask2:TalkafterviewingScriptTherewillbemorestudentsatuniversitiesnextyearthaneverbeforeinourhistory.Whentheygettouniversity,theyhavegoodfacilities,goodbuildings,aswellasgoodcontactwiththeirlecturers.Studentsfrompoorerbackgroundsreceiveagrant.40percentofstudentswhoaregoingtouniversitywillreceivesomesortofgrant.Unit1testPartIKeys:1.A2.B3.D4.B5.DPartII(1)for(2)with(3)opportunity(4)tuition(5)explore(6)encounter(7)adventure(8)Aswithanycountry,itisnotadvisabletocarrylargeamountsofcash精选aroundwithyou(9)Traveler'schecksareoneofthesafestandeasiestwaystotransportmoney,becauseyoumayhavethemreplacediftheygetlostorstolen(10)Itiswisetobringabout$100withyouinU.S.cash,soyouwillbeabletomanageuponyourarrivalintheStatesPartIII1.C2.A3.B4.D5.APartIV1.C2.A3.A4.D5.C6.B7.A8.C9.B10.CUint2Ourglobeisindanger!I.LeadinTask1:sandstorm;airpollution;deforestationwaterpollution;meltingpolaricecap;lightpollutiondrought;desertification;litteringBasicListeningPracticeKeys:1.B2.D3.A4.A5.CIII.ListeningInTask1:Weshouldhaveproperrespectfornature!Script:Martha:Doyouthinkmostpeopleinyourculturerespectnature?Ed:Ithinkso.Um...morenowthanbefore.Martha:Whatdoyouthinkisthemostseriousenvironmentalproblemintheworldtoday?Ed:Today...Ithinkdamagetotheozonelayerisabigproblem,andanotherproblemispollutioninbigcitiesandthingslikethat.Martha:Howdoyoulearnaboutenvironmentalproblems?Ed:Um...throughschool.Alotofclubspromoteenvironmentalsafety,andsomeTVprograms,too.Theytalkaboutenvironmentalsafetyandstufflikethat.Martha:Doyouthinkstudentsshouldlearnmoreabouttheenvironmentatschool?Ed:Ithinkso.So,astheygrowolder,theycanbemoreawareofalltheproblemsthataregoingon,andalsotopreventmoreproblemsfromoccurring.精选Martha:Ifyoucouldcreateanewlawtohelptheenvironment,whatwoulditbe?Ed:Anewlawfortheenvironment?Um...I'dprobablysaythatwhenpeoplethrowawaytheircigarettebutts,theyhavetothrowthemintothegarbagebin,notjustthrowthemeverywherebecauseit'sjustlitteringandIhatethat.Sotheyshouldbefinediftheythrowthemonthefloororontheground.Martha:That'sagoodidea.Whatdoyoupersonallydotohelpprotecttheenvironment?Ed:I'msoagainstlittering.Ineverlitter.IfIseesomebodylitter,Igetreallyangry.SoIalwaysthrowmytrashintothegarbagebin.Keys:(1)nature(2)environmentalproblem(3)pollution(4)promote(5)awareof(6)fromoccurring(7)law(8)throwaway(9)fined(10)trashTask2:RiverpollutionScript:Ifyouseedeadfishfloatingontheriverornoticethatthewaterisdiscoloredandsmelly,youknowtheriverhasbeenpolluted,andtherearefourmainpossiblecausesforit.First,fertilizer.Iflargeamountsoffertilizerorfarmwastedrainintoariver,theconcentrationsofnitrateandphosphateinthewaterincreaseconsiderably.Algaeusethesesubstancestogrowrapidly,turningthewatergreen.Thismassivegrowthofalgaeleadstopollution.Whenthealgaedie,theyarebrokendownbytheactionofthebacteria,whichquicklymultiply,usingupalltheoxygeninthewaterandthereforecausingthedeathoffish.Second,industrialwaste.Factoriessometimesdischargechemicalwasteintorivers.Examplesofsuchpollutantsincludecyanide,lead,copper,andmercury.Thesesubstancesmayenterthewaterinsuchhighconcentrationsthatfishandotheranimalsarekilledimmediately.Sometimesthepollutantsenterthefoodchainandaccumulateuntiltheyreachtoxiclevels,eventuallykillingfishandotheranimals.Third,oilpollution.Ifoilentersaslow-movingriver,itformsarainbow-coloredfilmovertheentiresurface,preventingoxygenfromenteringthewater.Fourth,warmwater.Industryoftenuseswaterforcoolingprocesses,sometimesdischarginglargequantitiesofwarmwaterbackintorivers.Ahighertemperatureofthewaterlowersthelevelofdissolvedoxygenandupsetsthebalanceoflifeinthewater.Keys:1.D2.A3.B4.C5.D精选Task3:CurbingcarbonemissionsScript:Althoughitisnotaneasytask,ChinaisstrivingtofulfillthepromisetocutitscarbondioxideemissionsperunitofGDPby40to45percentinthenext10years.ZhangGuobao,DirectoroftheNationalEnergyAdministration,said,"Thegovernmentputsgreatemphasisonseekingharmoniousdevelopmentbetweencitiesandtheenvironment,andisreadjustingtheenergystructurebygivingprioritytothedevelopmentofcleanandlow-carbonenergies,includinghydroelectric,nuclear,wind,andsolarpower."Governmentauthoritieshaveclosedsmall,coal-firedplantswithatotalcapacityof60.06millionkilowattsinthepastfouryears.Thisyear'stargetofclosing10millionkilowattsofcapacitywillbeachievedbyAugust."Wehavepromisedtotheinternationalcommunitythat15percentofourpowerwillbegeneratedfromnonfossilsourcesby2020,"DirectorZhangsaid.Atpresent,non-fossilenergyaccountsforonly7.8percent.Chinaismakingeffortstoincreasetheproportionofcleanenergyinitstotalenergyconsumption.StatisticsshowthatChinainvestedUS$34.6billionincleanenergylastyear,exceedingtheUnitedStateswhichinvestedUS$18.6billion.Thus,Chinahasbecometheworldleaderingeneratingcleanenergy.Fiveyearsearlier,China'sinvestmentincleanenergywasonlyUS$2.5billion.However,China'scarbonemissionreductiontargetcannotbeachievedeasily.Theshifttoalow-carboneconomymightbemetatacosttosociety.Forinstance,morethan400,000peoplewerelaidoffasaresultoftheshutdownofsmallcoal-firedpowerplantsinthepastfouryears.ManystudiesindicatethattheefforttocurbgreenhousegasemissionsmaydelayChina'sdevelopment,affectpeople'sincome,andleadtounemployment.Keys:1.D2.D3.A4.B5.CIV.SpeakingOutMODEL1MODEL2MODEL3V.Let?ˉsTalkTask1:DisappointmentoverclimatenegotiationsKeys:doesn'treallyactuallycommitanyonetodoinganything,theatmospheresimplecan'ttakethekindofemissionswe'vebeenseeinginthebusiness-as-usualscenarioandthere'snorealcommitmenttochangethat.There'snorealcommitmenttoputseriousmoneyonthetableIt'snotbackedbyaction,Itdoesnotconstitutea...adeal.It'sahollowshellitlacksanythingonemissionscutsThere'snoguaranteethattherewillbenewmoney,thatthemoneywillbereal,thatthere'sactuallyacommitmenttogetthere,orthatitwillbechanneledinnew精选ways,Task2:What'syouranswer?Twospeakersholdanegativeattitudetowardtheworldclimateconference.Task3:Let'sgroupwork!Developedcountriesshouldbearmoreresponsibilities.First,theycausedmostoftheworldpollutionintheirindustrializationprocess.Second,theyarealreadyeconomicallyadvanced,withmorefundstodealwithpollutionproblems.Ontheotherhand,developingcountriescausedlesspollutioninthepast,andnowtheyneedrapiddevelopment.Therefore,aninternationalagreementtheKyotoProtocolin1997stipulatedcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesfordevelopedanddevelopingnations,whichmeansthatbothshouldberesponsibleforenvironmentalprotectionandcutcarbondioxideemissions,buttheformermusttakemoreresponsibility.Recently,however,somewealthycountrieshaveinsistedthatdevelopingcountrieslikeChinashouldshouldermoreresponsibilities.VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingListeningTask:Task1:TheenvironmentandthedevelopmentScript:Li:Hi,ProfessorWang.I'mLiLin,acorrespondentfortheuniversitynewspaper.Thestaffandstudentsherearegettingmoreandmoreinterestedintherelationshipbetweentheenvironmentandeconomicdevelopment.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostseriousenvironmentalproblematpresent?Whatmeasuresshouldweadopttoimprovetheenvironmentanddeveloptheeconomyatthesametime?Wang:Therearemanyenvironmentalproblems:airpollution,waterpollution,desertification,overfishing,destructionofnaturalhabitats,acidrain,overconsumptionofwildanimalsandplants,etc.Butlyingatthecenterofallthoseproblems,asIseeit,isthecontradictionbetweeneconomicgrowthandtheenvironment.SincetheUnitedNationsEarthSummitin1992,growingnumberofpeopleandgovernmentshaveadoptedthenewideaof"sustainabledevelopment".Thismeanstoday'seconomicgrowthshouldnotwipeouttheresourcesandoptionsforfuturegenerations.Planninganddevelopmentshouldensurenotonlyeconomicgrowth,butalsosocialadvancementandenvironmentalhealth.Inotherwords,someeconomicbehaviormustberestrictedorcontrolled.Instillingprinciplesofsustainabledevelopmentintogovernmentplanning,resourcemanagementandeconomicpolicyisthemostimportantstepChinacantaketosolveitsenvironmentalproblems.Chinahasalreadytakensomeremarkablestepstoreducedamagetotheenvironment.Forinstance,followingthehugefloodsof1998,thegovernmentbannedloggingintheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiverinordertoprotectforests精选andreducetheriskoffloods.Still,thebasiccontradictionbetweentheenvironmentanddevelopmentpersists.Muchworkistobedonebeforewecanachievetheaimofabalancebetweeneconomicgrowthandtheenvironment.Keys:(1)waterpollution(2)overconsumption(3)economicgrowth(4)resources(5)socialadvancement(6)restricted(7)governmentplanning(8)economicpolicy(9)remarkablesteps(10)balanceTask2:ThickcloudofpollutioncoveringsouthernAsiaScriptAUnitedNationsstudysaysathickcloudofpollutioncoveringsouthernAsiathreatensthelivesofmillionsofpeople.Scientistssaythepollutioncouldincreaselungdiseaseandcauseearlydeath.Thecloudisalsodamagingagricultureandaffectingrainfalllevels.IthasaffectedmanycountriesinsouthernAsia.Thepollutioncloudisthreekilometershigh.Scientistssayitcanmovehalfwayaroundtheworldinaweek.Thecloudistheresultofforestfires,theburningofagriculturalwaste,andhugeincreasesintheburningoffuelsbyvehicles,industries,andpowerstations.Pollutionfrommillionsofbadcookingstoveshasmadetheproblemworse.Manypoorpeopleburnfuelslikewoodandanimalwasteinsuchstoves.Scientistssaythecloudofpollutionappearstocoolthelandandoceansbyblockingsunlight.TheysayitreducestheamountofsunlightreachingtheEarth'ssurfacebyasmuchas15percent.Atthesametime,heatinsidethecloudwarmsthelowerpartsoftheatmosphere.Harmfulchemicalsfromthecloudaremixingwithrainfall.Thisacidraindamagescropsandtreesandthreatenspublichealth.Scientistsareconcernedthatthepollutionwillintensifyduringthenext30yearsasthepopulationofAsiaincreasestoanestimated5,000millionpeople.Keys:1.D2.B3.A4.C5.CTask3:MountainregionsfaceanumberofdangersScriptMountainpeoplearoundtheworldareingreatdangerofthenegativeeffectsoftheworseningenvironment,accordingtoaUNreport.Asglobalwarminganddeforestationaccelerateandtechnologymakeswilderplacesmoreaccessible,environmentalandsocialpressuresontheworld'sremotestregionsincrease.精选TheUNhasfoundthatmanymountainousregions—inhabitedbyoneoutoffiveoftheworld'speople—arebarelyrecognizablewhentheyarecomparedtowhattheywerelike60yearsago.Thisismostlybecauseforestswerecuttomakewayforcattlegrazingandagriculture.TheauthorsoftheUNstudyexpect98percentofthemountainareastoexperiencesevereclimatechangeby2055.Biologicallossesareexpectedtobeheavy.ThemountainsofEurope,partsofCaliforniaandthenorthwestAndesinSouthAmericaareamongthemostthreatenedmountainareasintheworldandshouldbegivenpriorityinconservation.TheUNisanxioustoraiseawarenessoftheproblemsfacingmountainareasbecausetheyareinhabitedbysomeofthemostvulnerablepeople.Thesepeoplecouldlosetheircultureandtheirlivelihoodwitheventhesmallestshiftsinclimate.Atthesametime,manymountainregionsarelosingpeople.ThousandsofvillagesinEuropearedesertedmostoftheyear.InotherareaslikeNepal,peoplearedriftingtothecitiesinsearchofwork.Keys:(1)negative(2)report(3)warming(4)pressures(5)mountainous(6)barely(7)makewayfor(8)expect98percentofthemountainareastoexperiencesevereclimatechangeby2055(9)TheUNisanxioustoraiseawarenessoftheproblemsfacingmountainareas(10)ThousandsofvillagesinEuropearedesertedmostoftheyearViewingandspeaking:Task1:Santa'shometownindangerScriptWeatherexpertsmayhavefoundanewproblemcausedbyglobalwarming,onewhichmanypeoplewillpayattentionto:TherearesignsthatSanta'shomeintheNorthmaybeintroublebecauseofwarmertemperatures.TheFinnishtownofRovaniemiontheArcticCircle,whichmanyEuropeanssayisthehomeofSantaClaus,hashaditswarmestwinterin40years.Asaresult,therehasbeenmuchlesssnowthanusual—meaningnosnowmen,nosnowballs,andpossiblynotenoughsnowforSantatoridehissleighon.Moreimportantforlocalresidents,itmaymeanfewertourists,aswell.Santa'swintryhometownnormallyattractsthousandsofvisitorseachyear,andmillionsofdollars.AnnePelttari-Bergman,thetown'stouristdirector,worriesthatthetowncouldbeintroubleifsnowlevelsdonotreturntonormal.精选Sheexplains:"Snowisreallyimportantforus,ofcourse,forSantaClaus,forChristmastourism,andalsoforourwintertourismbecausewinterisourbestseason.Itisreallyimportantforus."Weatherexpertsandtownresidentsarehopingthiswarmwinterisanone-timething.FewpeoplecanimagineaholidaywhenevenSantadoesnothaveawhiteChristmas.Keys:(1)signs(2)warmertemperatures(3)warmest(4)snow(5)attracts(6)trouble(7)normal(8)season(9)one-time(10)whiteTask2:TalkafterviewingScriptTheimageofSantaClausflyinginasleighpulledbyreindeerandleavingtoysandgiftsforeverychildisknownworldwide,andSantaClaushasbecomethemostbelovedofChristmassymbols.ButiftheweatheratSanta'shometownweretobecomesowarmthattherewasnomoresnowatChristmas,SantaClauswouldlosehischarm.SosnowisreallyimportantforSantaClaus,forhishometown'sChristmastourism,anditswintertourismaswinteristhebestseasoninSanta'shometown.Unit2testPartIKeys:1.C2.C3.B4.C5.DPartII(1)chemicals(2)atmosphere(3)particles(4)trapped(5)lasts(6)human-based(7)progressed(8)EveninAncientRomepeoplecomplainedaboutsmokeputintotheatmosphere(9)Airpollutioncanhaveseriousconsequencesforthehealthofhumanbeings(10)CitieswithlargenumbersofautomobilesorthosethatusegreatquantitiesofcoaloftensuffermostseverelyfromairpollutionproblemsPartIII1.A2.C3.D4.C5.B精选PartIV1.B2.C3.D4.C5.C6.A7.D8.D9.B10.CUint3CulturemakesmewhatIamTask1:OnthefirstdayCollectivismIndividualismIndividualismCollectivismBasicListeningPracticeKeys:1.c2.A3.D4.B5.AIII.ListeningInTask1:CompetitioninAmericaKeys:1.C2.A3.C4.B5.DTask2:Howtoselectelectivecourses?Keys:(1)roots(2)what(3)moral(4)diligence(5)sin(6)teachings(7)centuries(8)Ifit'sworthdoingatall,it'sworthdoingwell(9)InEnglishanewwordhasbeencreatedtodescribepeoplewhoworkcompulsively(10)OthersholdthatworkaholicsarevaluablemembersofsocietybecausetheyareextremelyproductiveTask3:Cross-culturaltipsondoingbusinessKeys:1.D2.A3.D4.A5.CIV.SpeakingOutMODEL1MODEL2MODEL3V.Let?ˉsTalkTask1:InternationalSlaveryMuseumKeys:精选1.(1)transatlanticslavetrade(2)unknownlands(3)dignityorpayment2.(1)rich(2)cottonandsugar3.(1)allovertheworld(2)familyhistory(3)changed4.200thanniversary5.(1)banned(2)takingpartin(3)slavery(4)freedTask2:What'syouranswer?VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingListeningTask:Task1:ProblemswithoureducationalsystemScript:ToAmericans,punctualityisawayofshowingrespectforotherpeople'stime.Beingmorethan10minuteslatetoanappointmentusuallycallsforanapologyandmaybeanexplanation.Peoplewhoarerunninglateoftencallaheadtoletothersknowofthedelay.Ofcourse,thelessformalthesituation,thelessimportantitistobeexactlyontime.Atinformalget-togethers,forexample,peopleoftenarriveasmuchas30minutespasttheappointedtime.Buttheyusuallydon'ttrythatatwork.Americanlifestylesshowhowmuchpeoplerespectthetimeofothers.Whenpeopleplananevent,theyoftensetthetimedaysorweeksinadvance.Oncethetimeisfixed,ittakesalmostanemergencytochangeit.Ifpeoplewanttocometoyourhouseforafriendlyvisit,theywillusuallycallfirsttomakesureitisconvenient.Onlyveryclosefriendswilljust"dropin"unannounced.Also,peoplehesitatetocallotherslateatnightforfeartheymightalreadybeinbed.Thetimemayvary,butmostpeoplethinktwiceaboutcallingafter10:00p.m.Tooutsiders,Americansseemtiedtotheclock.PeopleinsomeEasternculturesvaluerelationshipsmorethanschedules.Inthesesocieties,peopledon'ttrytocontroltime,buttoexperienceit.ManyEasterncultures,forexample,viewtimeasacycle.精选Therhythmofnature—fromthepassingofseasonstothemonthlycycleofthemoon—shapestheirviewofevents.Iftheyhavewastedsometimeorletanopportunitypassby,theyarenotveryworried,knowingthatmoretimeandopportunitieswillcomeinthenextcycle.ButAmericansoftenwanttojumpatthefirstopportunity.Theyareunwillingtostandbyidlyandgiveuptheopportunity.TheearlyAmericanheroBenjaminFranklinexpressedthatviewoftimelikethis:"Doyoulovelife?Thendonotwastetime,forthatisthestufflifeismadeof."Keys:1.C2.B3.A4.C5.DTask2:OurpersonalspaceScriptOurpersonalspace,thatpieceoftheuniverseweoccupyandcallourown,iscontainedwithinaninvisibleboundarysurroundingourbody.Astheownersofthisarea,weusuallydecidewhomayenterandwhomaynot.Whenourspaceisinvaded,wereactinavarietyofways.Webackupandretreat,standourgroundasourhandsbecomemoistfromnervousness,orsometimesevenreactviolently.Ourresponseshowsnotonlyouruniquepersonality,butalsoourculturalbackground.Forexample,culturesthatstressindividualismsuchasEngland,theUnitedStates,Germany,andAustralia,generallydemandmorespacethancollectiveculturesdo,andtendtobecomeaggressivewhentheirspaceisinvaded.ThisideaofspaceisquitedifferentfromtheonefoundintheMexicanandArabcultures.InMexico,thephysicaldistancebetweenpeoplewhenengagedinconversationiscloserthanwhatisusualnorthoftheborder.AndforMiddleEasterners,typicalArabconversationsareatcloserange.Closenesscannotbeavoided.Asisthecasewithmostofourbehavior,ouruseofspaceisdirectlylinkedtothevaluesystemofourculture.InsomeAsiancultures,forexample,employeesdonotstandneartheirbosses;theextendeddistancedemonstratesrespect.ExtrainterpersonaldistanceisalsopartoftheculturalexperienceofthepeopleofScotlandandSweden,forwhomitreflectsprivacy.AndinGermany,privatespaceissacred.Keys:1.A2.B3.A4.B5.BTask3:Wedon'tknowwhattodowiththem.ScriptARussian,aCuban,anAmericanbusinessman,andanAmericanlawyerwerepassengersonafasttrainspeedingacrosstheFrenchcountryside.Astimeworeon,theygraduallybecamefriendlywithoneanother,introducingthemselvesandshakinghands.Eventually,theRussiantookoutalargebottleofvodkaandpouredeachofhistravelingcompanionsadrink.JustastheAmericanbusinessmanwassippingthevodkaandpraisingitsfinequality,theRussianhurledthehalf-fullbottleoutoftheopenwindow."Whatdidyoudothatfor?"askedthestartledAmericanbusinessman."Vodkaisplentifulinmycountry,"saidtheRussian."Infact,wehavethousandsandthousandsoflitersofit—farmorethanweneed."TheAmericanbusinessmanshookhisheadandleanedbackinhisseat,obviously精选baffledbytheRussian'sreasoning.Alittlelater,theyoungCubanpassedaroundaboxoffineHavanacigars.ThemenenjoyedthistreatandmadeadmiringremarksaboutthepleasureofsmokinggoodHavanacigars.AtthatverymomenttheCubantookacoupleofpuffsofhiscigarandthentosseditoutoftheopenwindow."IthoughttheCubaneconomywasnotgoodthisyear,"theAmericanbusinessmansaid."Yetyouthrewthatperfectlygoodcigaraway.Ifindyouractionsquitepuzzling.""Cigars,"theCubanreplied,"areadimeadozeninCuba.Wehavemoreofthemthanweknowwhattodowith."TheAmericanbusinessmansatinsilenceforamoment.Thenhegotup,grabbedthelawyer,andthrewhimoutofthewindow.Keys:1.TheRussianhurledthehalf-fullbottleofvodkaoutoftheopenwindow.2.Heanswered,"Vodkaisplentifulinmycountry.Infact,wehavethousandsandthousandsoflitersofit—farmorethanweneed."3.Thebusinessmansaid,"IthoughttheCubaneconomywasnotgoodthisyear.Yetyouthrewthatperfectlygoodcigaraway.Ifindyouractionsquitepuzzling."4.Hereplied,"CigarsareadimeadozeninCuba.Wehavemoreofthemthanweknowwhattodowith."5.TheAmericanbusinessmansatinsilenceforamoment.Thenhegotup,grabbedthelawyer,andthrewhimoutofthewindow.HedidthatprobablybecausehethoughtthereweretoomanylawyersintheUnitedStates.Viewingandspeaking:Task1:RevivingtheimageofteaKeys:(1)disappearing(2)kicking(3)teashop(4)imagecrisis(5)update(6)compete(7)fast(8)productdesigners(9)contacts(10)similar(11)want(12)challenge(13)consumer(14)traditionalTask2:TalkafterviewingScriptAspeoplebecomeespressofiendsandcappuccinoconnoisseurs,thetraditionalBritishteaarebeingkickedoffthemenubydesignercoffees.精选Unit3testPartIKeys:1.B2.C3.B4.B5.DPartIIvaluespurposetrueNowhereequalityraceslaboratoryAlthoughEdwardsspecificallymentionsyoungmen,youngwomenalsocompeteinorganizedsportswithoutregardtotheirraceoreconomicbackgroundManyAmericansbelievethatlearninghowtowininsportshelpsdevelopthehabitsnecessarytocompetesuccessfullyinlaterlifethecompetitiveethictaughtinsportsmustbelearnedandcultivatedinyouthforthefuturesuccessofAmericanbusinessandmilitaryeffortsPartIII1.C2.A3.B4.D5.DPartIV1.D2.B3.A4.D5.D6.C7.A8.B9.B10.AUnit4Tastetheswe