统计学的重要性

统计学介绍统计学以概率论为基础的方法论学科，它在几乎所有的领域里面都具有重要的应用，统计学知识理论就像我们日常使用的电脑一样必不可少，是现代高级人才必备一种素质，在现代社会中没有统计学知识的人就如同一“文盲”.统计学在人类活动当中举足轻重.统计学在工业、商业、贸易、物理学、化学、经济学、数学、生物学、植物学、心理学、天文学等等方面都扮演重要的角色,因此统计学的应用非常广泛，几乎涵盖每一个领域，下面我们来具体看一下它能运用在哪些方面.1.统计学将帮助您成为一位成功的商人.成功的商人必须能够快速准确做出决策.如果你知道客户需要什么，那么你就知道该生产什么，生产多少.统计学将能帮助你制定生产计划，同时也能帮助你有效地检验产品质量,它能让你在关于企业地理位置、产品营销、金融资源等问题上做出正确的决定.Business:Statisticsplayanimportantroleinbusiness.Asuccessfulbusinessmanmustbeveryquickandaccurateindecisionmaking.Heknowsthatwhathiscustomerswants,heshouldtherefore,knowwhattoproduceandsellandinwhatquantities.Statisticshelpsbusinessmantoplanproductionaccordingtothetasteofthecostumers,thequalityoftheproductscanalsobecheckedmoreefficientlybyusingstatisticalmethods.Soalltheactivitiesofthebusinessmanbasedonstatisticalinformation.Hecanmakecorrectdecisionaboutthelocationofbusiness,marketingoftheproducts,financialresourcesetc…2.如果你想在经济学方面有所发展，那万万是离不开统计学的.经济学在很大程度上依赖于统计学，国民收入帐户对于经济学家和管理者来说是具有多重目的性的指标，统计学是建立这些帐户的基础.在经济学的研究中统计学方法被用来收集、分析数据，并作出检验假设.统计学的方法可以用来研究供求关系，进出口，通货膨胀，人均收入等等问题的研究都离不开统计学.(2)InEconomics:

Statisticsplayanimportantroleineconomics.Economicslargelydependsuponstatistics.Nationalincomeaccountsaremultipurposeindicatorsfortheeconomistsandadministrators.Statisticalmethodsareusedforpreparationoftheseaccounts.Ineconomicsresearchstatisticalmethodsareusedforcollectingandanalysisthedataandtestinghypothesis.Therelationshipbetweensupplyanddemandsisstudiesbystatisticalmethods,theimportsandexports,theinflationrate,thepercapitaincomearetheproblemswhichrequiregoodknowledgeofstatistics.3.如果您想在数学领域有所发展，请务必学好统计学.统计学与数学密不可分，他们的很多东西都是互通的.所以想要学好数学也得要学好统计学.(3)InMathematics:

Statisticalplaysacentralroleinalmostallnaturalandsocialsciences.Themethodsofnaturalsciencesaremostreliablebutconclusionsdrawfromthemareonlyprobable,becausetheyarebasedonincompleteevidence.Statisticalhelpsindescribingthesemeasurementsmoreprecisely.Statisticsisbranchofappliedmathematics.Thelargenumberofstatisticalmethodslikeprobabilityaverages,dispersions,estimationetc…isusedinmathematicsanddifferenttechniquesofpuremathematicslikeintegration,differentiationandalgebraareusedinstatistics.

4.如果您将来想入银行业，那么你就离不开统计学.因为银行在很多的方面必须要用到统计学的方法.(4)InBanking:

Statisticsplayanimportantroleinbanking.Thebanksmakeuseofstatisticsforanumberofpurposes.Thebanksworkontheprinciplethatallthepeoplewhodeposittheirmoneywiththebanksdonotwithdrawitatthesametime.Thebankearnsprofitsoutofthesedepositsbylendingtoothersoninterest.Thebankersusestatisticalapproachesbasedonprobabilitytoestimatethenumbersofdepositorsandtheirclaimsforacertainday.

5.如果您将来想成为一名管理人才，那么缺乏统计学知识是简直是不可想象的事情.许多的国家政策的制定都基于统计数据，统计数据是被广泛用于管理决策.(5)InStateManagement(Administration):

Statisticsisessentialforacountry.Differentpoliciesofthegovernmentarebasedonstatistics.Statisticaldataarenowwidelyusedintakingalladministrativedecisions.Supposeifthegovernmentwantstorevisethepayscalesofemployeesinviewofanincreaseinthelivingcost,statisticalmethodswillbeusedtodeterminetheriseinthecostofliving.Preparationoffederalandprovincialgovernmentbudgetsmainlydependsuponstatisticsbecauseithelpsinestimatingtheexpectedexpendituresandrevenuefromdifferentsources.Sostatisticsaretheeyesofadministrationofthestate.

6.统计学在会计和审计中运用相当广泛.想学会计与审计的同学统计学知识是必不可少的.(6)InAccountingandAuditing:

Accountingisimpossiblewithoutexactness.Butfordecisionmakingpurpose,somuchprecisionisnotessentialthedecisionmaybetakenonthebasisofapproximation,knowasstatistics.Thecorrectionofthevaluesofcurrentassertsismadeonthebasisofthepurchasingpowerofmoneyorthecurrentvalueofit.

Inauditingsamplingtechniquesarecommonlyused.Anauditordeterminesthesamplesizeofthebooktobeauditedonthebasisoferror.

7.统计学在几乎所有的自然科学和社会科学中都不可或缺.统计方法被广泛用来分析实验结果，检验显著性，比如生物、物理、化学等等.(7)InNaturalandSocialSciences:

Statisticsplaysavitalroleinalmostallthenaturalandsocialsciences.Statisticalmethodsarecommonlyusedforanalyzingtheexperimentsresults,testingtheirsignificanceinBiology,Physics,Chemistry,Mathematics,Meteorology,Researchchambersofcommerce,Sociology,Business,PublicAdministration,CommunicationandInformationTechnologyetc…8.如果您有志成为天文学方面的人才，你得学好统计学才行.(8)InAstronomy:

Astronomyisoneoftheoldestbranchofstatisticalstudy,itdealswiththemeasurementofdistance,sizes,massesanddensitiesofheavenlybodiesbymeansofobservations.Duringthesemeasurementserrorsareunavoidablesomostprobablemeasurementsarefoundedbyusingstatisticalmethods.

Example:Thisdistanceofmoonfromtheearthismeasured.Sinceolddaystheastronomershavebeenstatisticalmethodslikemethodofleastsquaresforfindingthemovementsofstars.大学大多数学科将会涉及统计学（下面只是其中一些直接以统计为基础的学科，还有很多专业或学科也是跟统计学相关的）：\o"Statistics"Statisticsisthemathematicalscienceinvolvingthecollection,analysisandinterpretationofdata.Anumberofspecialtieshaveevolvedtoapplystatisticaltheoryandmethodstovariousdisciplines.Certaintopicshave"statistical"intheirnamebutrelatetomanipulationsofprobabilitydistributionsratherthantostatisticalanalysis.（精算）\o"Actuarialscience"Actuarialscienceisthedisciplinethatappliesmathematicalandstatisticalmethodstoassessriskinthe\o"Insurance"insuranceand\o"Finance"financeindustries.（生物统计学）\o"Biostatistics"Biostatisticsisabranchof（生物）\o"Biology"biologythatstudiesbiologicalphenomenaandobservationsbymeansofstatisticalanalysis,andincludes（医学统计）\o"Medicalstatistics"medicalstatistics.（商业分析）\o"Businessanalytics"Businessanalyticsisarapidlydevelopingbusinessprocessthatappliesstatisticalmethodstodatasets(oftenverylarge)todevelopnewinsightsandunderstandingofbusinessperformance&opportunities（化学统计学）\o"Chemometrics"Chemometricsisthescienceofrelatingmeasurementsmadeona\o"Chemistry"chemicalsystemorprocesstothestateofthesystemviaapplicationofmathematicalorstatisticalmethods.（人口统计学）\o"Demography"Demographyisthestatisticalstudyofall\o"Population"populations.Itcanbeaverygeneralsciencethatcanbeappliedtoanykindofdynamicpopulation,thatis,onethatchangesovertimeorspace.（计量经济学）\o"Econometrics"Econometricsisabranchof\o"Economics"economicsthatappliesstatisticalmethodstotheempiricalstudyofeconomictheoriesandrelationships.（环境统计学）\o"Environmentalstatistics"Environmentalstatisticsistheapplicationofstatisticalmethodsto\o"Environmentalscience"environmentalscience.Weather,climate,airandwaterqualityareincluded,asarestudiesofplantandanimalpopulations.（流行病学）\o"Epidemiology"Epidemiologyisthestudyoffactorsaffectingthehealthandillnessofpopulations,andservesasthefoundationandlogicofinterventionsmadeintheinterestofpublichealthandpreventivemedicine.（统计地质学）\o"Geostatistics"Geostatisticsisabranchof\o"Geography"geographythatdealswiththeanalysisofdatafromdisciplinessuchas\o"Petroleumgeology"petroleumgeology,\o"Hydrogeology"hydrogeology,\o"Hydrology"hydrology,\o"Meteorology"meteorology,\o"Oceanography"oceanography,\o"Geochemistry"geochemistry,\o"Geography"geography.（运筹学）\o"Operationsresearch"Operationsresearch(orOperationalResearch)isaninterdisciplinarybranchofappliedmathematicsandformalsciencethatusesmethodssuchasmathematicalmodeling,statistics,andalgorithmstoarriveatoptimalornearoptimalsolutionstocomplexproblems.（种群生态学）\o"Populationecology"Populationecologyisasub-fieldof\o"Ecology"ecologythatdealswiththedynamicsofspeciespopulationsandhowthesepopulationsinteractwiththe\o"Environment(biophysical)"environment.（心理测验学）\o"Psychometrics"Psychometricsisthetheoryandtechniqueofeducationalandpsychologicalmeasurementofknowledge,abilities,attitudes,andpersonalitytraits.（质量控制）\o"Qualitycontrol"Qualitycontrolreviewsthefactorsinvolvedinmanufacturingandproduction;itcanmakeuseof\o"Sampling(statistics)"statisticalsamplingofproductitemstoaiddecisionsin\o"Processcontrol"processcontrolorinacceptingdeliveries.（数理心理学）\o"Quantitativepsychology"Quantitativepsychologyisthescienceofstatisticallyexplainingandchangingmentalprocessesandbehaviorsinhumans.（可靠性工程学）\o"ReliabilityEngineering"ReliabilityEngineeringisthestudyoftheabilityofasystemorcomponenttoperformitsrequiredfunctionsunderstatedconditionsforaspecifiedperiodoftime（统计金融）\o"Statisticalfinance"Statisticalfinance,anareaof\o"Econophysics"econophysics,isanempiricalattempttoshiftfinancefromits\o"Normativeeconomics"normativerootstoa\o"Positivist"positivistframeworkusingexemplarsfromstatisticalphysicswithanemphasisonemergentorcollectivepropertiesoffinancialmarkets.（统计力学）\o"Statisticalmechanics"Statisticalmechanicsistheapplicationof\o"Probability"probabilitytheory,whichincludesmathematicaltoolsfordealingwithlargepopulations,tothefieldof\o"Mechanics"mechanics,whichisconcernedwiththemotionofparticlesorobjectswhensubjectedtoaforce.（统计物理学）\o"Statisticalphysics"Statisticalphysicsisoneofthefundamentaltheoriesof\o"Physics"physics,andusesmethodsof\o"Probability"probabilitytheoryinsolvingphysicalproblems.（统计热力学）\o"Statisticalthermodynamics"Statisticalthermodynamicsisthestudyofthemicroscopicbehaviorsof\o"Thermodynamicsystem"thermodynamicsystemsusingprobabilitytheoryandprovidesamolecularlevelinterpretationofthermodynamicquantitiessuchas\o"Work(thermodynamics)"work,\o"Heat"heat,\o"Thermodynamicfreeenergy"freeenergy,and\o"Entropy"entropy.

美国大学统计专业排名1StanfordUniversity斯坦福大学2UniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley加州大学伯克利分校3HarvardUniversity哈佛大学3UniversityofWashington华盛顿大学5JohnsHopkinsUniver