2022届高考英语写作基础专题二十（概要写作动词转化）

2022高考英语写作基础专题二十（概要写作动词转化）一：动词允许allow,permit保持keep,hold,reserve感谢thank,appreciate经历experience,gothrough造成cause,leadto,giveriseto,resultin,bringabout参加attend,joinin,takepartin,getinvolvedin,participatein提出bringforward,putforward,raise,comeupwith,bringup赞成befor,infavorof,approveof,onone’sside,arguefor,standfor反对oppose,beagainst,objectto,beopposedto,argueagainst,standagainst充分利用makefulluseof,makethemost/bestof,takefulladvantageof减轻ease,relieve,lighten分发handout,giveout,distribute转换transform,switch预订book,reserve推迟putoff,delay禁止ban,forbid,prohibit结果是turnout,provetobe,comeout当心watchout,lookout,takecare,becareful展示show,present,demonstrate培养develop,cultivate,educate,train保护protect,defend,guard,preserve,shelter停止stop,cease,pause,putanend帮助help,assist,aid照顾lookafter,takecareof,carefor破坏destroy,ruin,damage适合besuitablefor,befitfor改进improve,promote,enhance,better,perfect减少reduce,cut,decrease,lessen充当actas,serveas,workas二：写作训练（A）Ifyou’reanythinglikeus,itseemsthatyourstomachstartstogrumble(隆隆响)assoonasMcDonald’sgoldenarchescomeintoview.Thereasonbehindthatisn’tthemouthwateringtasteoftheirdeliciousfries—thisishowtheygetthemtotastesogoodbytheway—it’sactuallypsychological,andithastodowiththecolorsoftheirlogo.Thecolorsredandyellowwerechosenforaspecificreason,anditwasn’tbecausetheylookednicewithRonaldMcDonald’sclown-likeface.Itactuallyhastodowithscience.Thecolorredisstimulatingandisassociatedwithbeingactive.Italsoincreasesheartrate,whichhelpstojumpstartyourappetite.Thecoloryellowisassociatedwithhappinessandisthemostvisiblecolorindaylight,sothat’swhyaMcDonald’ssignissoeasytospotonacrowdedroad.Thebrainprocessescolorbeforeitprocesseswordsorshapes,sothat’swhythefast-foodchainchosethesetwocolorsfortheirlogoandbrand.Redandyellowmakesyouhungry,encouragingyoutowanttobuytheproducttheysell,whilealsomakingyoufeelhappy.McDonald’shasstartedtousethiscolorphilosophytoinfluenceandchangethewaypeoplecurrentlythinkabouttheirbrandaswell.Manyfranchises(授权经销商)inEuropehavestartedtoincorporatemoreofthecolorgreenintotheirstorefrontsandinteriordesignbecauseit’sassociatedwithnatureandbeingenvironmentallyfriendly,somethingMcDonald’shasbeencriticizedfornotbeinginthepast.Thecompanyhasbeenworkingtobecomegreenerbyusingenvironmentallyfriendlyrefrigerationandconvertingusedoilintobiodiesel(生物柴油)fuel.

（B）Ataxwouldbeadoptedonfooditemshighonsaturated(饱和的)fats,saltandsugar.Hungarydidthatandintroducedsuchakindoftaxonthe

1st

ofSeptember.

Denmarkdidsomethingsimilaronthe

1st

ofOctober,charging16

DKK

perkgofsaturatedfatonnativeandimportedfood,notincludingproductswithsaturatedfatcontentfewerthan2.3%.

TherearesimilarmeasuresandsuggestionsinotherEUcountriesaswell,aswellasoverseasintheUS.Animportantreasonwhypeoplecontinuouslyturntounhealthy,fat,sugarandsaltcontainedfood,isthesimplefactthatit’softencheaperthanahealthiermealcontainedatleastinpartoffreshproduce.AstudydoneattheUniversityofWashingtonfoundthat“whentheycomparedthepricesof370foods…junkfoodsnotonlycostless…butjunkfoodpricesarealsolesslikelytoriseasaresultofinflation(通货膨胀).”Thusitisonlyreasonabletoadoptataxagainstunhealthy,fattyfoodinordertogivehealthyfoodafightingchance.However,introducingsuchataxwouldcauseanoversteppingofthegovernment’sauthority.Theroleofgovernmentinasocietyshouldnotexpandfurtherthanprovidingbasicservicessuchaseducation,legalprotection.Protectingtheindividualshouldgonofurtherthantheprotectionagainsttheactionsofathirdperson.Forinstance,wecanallagreethatgovernmentsshouldputmeasuresinplacetoprotectusfromthievesetc.Butshoulditalsoprotectusfromunnecessaryspending?Limitusinthenumberofcreditcardswecanown?Tellushowwecaninvestourmoney?Ofcoursenot.Butwhatthistaxdoesisexactlythat—itispunishingthecitizensforaspecificchoicetheyaremakingbyartificiallyinflatingitscost.Thusitisclearthatcarryingoutsuchataxagainstaspecificchoiceanindividualshouldbeabletoproperlymakeisaclearoversteppingofthegovernment’sauthority.参考答案：A)Thereasonwhypeoplecan’tresistthetemptationofMcDonald’sispsychologicallyconnectedwithcolorsofthelogo.(要点1)Yellowandredwerechosentohelpincreasepeople’sappetiteandmakethestoresigneasytospot.(要点2)Anotherreasonisthatthehumanbrainprocessescol