2018届全国人教版英语一轮复习讲义：必修1 Unit 5-Nelson Mandela

必修1Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernheroPresidentMandela，founderoftheRepublicofSouthAfrica，wasgenerousandselflesslyhelpedthosewhowereuneducatedandneededlegalguidance.Heappearedonthepoliticalstageinhistwenties.HeworkedactivelyintheYouthLeague,devotedtofightingforequalrightsfortheblacks.Hisenemiesfiercelyattackedhim.Henarrowlyescapedbeingmurderedseveraltimes.Despitetheircruelty，hestucktohisprinciple:makingpeacethroughdialogueratherthanviolenceandterror.Hisgoodqualitieswerewellrewarded.Hewasdeeplylovedbyhispeople.默写识记♦默写单词1．qualityn．质量；品质；性质2．activeadj.积极的；活跃的3．devotevt.献身；专心于

4.guidancen•指导；领导5．stagen.舞台；阶段；时期votev.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决attackvt.进攻；攻击；抨击equaladj.相等的；平等的escapevi.&vt.逃脱；逃走；避开rewardn.报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏opinionn.意见；看法；主张educatevt.教育；训练♦记住词义meanadj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的generousadj.慷慨的；大方的3．foundvt.建立；建设4．4．principlen.法则；原则；原理5.legaladj.法律的；依照法律的6．violencen.暴力；暴行7．willingadj.乐意的；自愿的8．begvi.请求；乞求9．relativen.亲戚；亲属10．crueltyn.残忍；残酷11．sentencevt.判决；宣判12．presidentn.总统；会长；校长；行长♦写出短语1．outofwork失业2．asamatteroffact事实上3．blowup使充气；爆炸4．introuble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中5．turnto求助于；致力于6．loseheart丧失勇气或信心7．cometopower当权；上台setup设立；建立besentencedto被判处（徒刑）联想拓展名词后缀ance1．Guidance指导；领导2．appearance出现3．performance履行；表演4．assistance帮助5．insurance保险短语串记1.loseone'sheartto爱上2．learnsth.byheart背诵；记牢3．putone'sheartinto专心于4．indanger处于危险中5.inpower当权；掌权6．indebt负债累累7.inprogress在进行中getintotrouble陷入困境；惹麻烦getoutoftrouble摆脱困境havetroubleindoingsth./withsth.做某事有困难/麻烦takethetroubletodosth.尽力做某事putsb.tothetroubleofdoingsth.麻烦某人做某事turndown关小；拒绝turnaway拒绝入内；把打发走turnup出现；露面；调大turnout证明是；结果是；赶走；生产turnover打翻；翻身；移交18．outofbreath上气不接下气19．outofdanger脱离危险20．outofcontrol失控21．outoforder出故障经典例句Activitiesalltakeplaceundertheguidanceofanexperiencedtutor.所有活动都在经验丰富的导师指导下进行。Despitehiscries,noonecametohisassistance.尽管他喊叫，却没人来帮助他。ItwasanimpressiveperformancebytheFrenchteam.那是法国队一次令人叹服的表现。Children'slivesareindangereverytimetheycrossthisroad.孩子们每次过这条马路都面临着生命危险。Thechildrenarecompletelyoutofcontrolsincetheirfatherleft.这些孩子自他们的父亲离开后就无法无天了。Thegamewasalreadyinprogresswhenwetookourseats•我们坐下来的时候，比赛已经开始了。Mybrotherwasalwaysgettingmeintotroublewithmyparents.以前我弟弟经常连累我遭父母的责难。Thehousetheyhadofferedusturnedouttobeatinyapartment.他们向我们提供的房子原来是很小的公寓套房。词汇异空间——派生词汇原词词义派生词词义devotevt.献身；专心于devotionn．1.热爱；投入peacen•和平peacefuladj.peacefullyadv.2.和平的；平静的；安宁的3．平静地；和平地violentadj.暴力的；猛烈的violencen.violentlyadv.4.暴力；暴行5．激烈地；剧烈地equaladj.相等的；平等的equallyadv.equalityn.6•同样地；相等地；公平地7．平等；相等guidev.指导；带领guidancen.8.指导；领导crueladj.残忍的；残酷的crueltyn.9.残忍；残酷youngadj.年轻的；青春的youthn、10•青年；青年时期educatevt.教育；训练；培养educationn．11.教育；教育学；训练［原创］语境填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)Hcation(educate)inBritain.Inhis2.youth(young)，hisambitionwastohelpblacksgain3.equality(equal)，freedomandjustice.Atthattime，deliberate4.cruelty(cruel)toblackswascommon.Hewitnessedmuch5.violent(violence)behaviourtoblacks.Withhis6.guidance(guide)，blackpeoplefoughtfortheirhumanrightsina7.peaceful(peace)manner.Heworkedveryhardandhis8.devotion(devote)tohiscareerwonhimgreathonour.词法新图谱——核心词汇•灵活多变的动词词汇词性意义现在分词过去分词devotevt.献身；专心于devotingdevotedvotevt.&vi.投票；选举；提议votingvotedattackvt.进攻；攻击；抨击attackingattackedescapevi.&vt.逃脱；逃走；泄露escapingescapededucatevt.教育；训练educatingeducatedrewardvt.酬劳；奖赏rewardingrewarded［原创］语境填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)Ladiesandgentlemen，it'stimeforus1.tovote(vote)tochoosethestarinourcommunity.OnecandidateisAmy.2.Devoted(devote)cating(educate)deafchildren，she4.hasbeenrewarded(reward)withmanytitles.TheothercandidateisTommy，anantiterroristexpert.Hehasmanagedtopreventterroristsfrom5.attacking(attack)somepublicplaces.OK.Let'sbegin.n.［原创］语境改错Aman，whohadbeenchargedwithattackapolicestationwithbombs，wasescapedfromtheprisonlastnight.Manypolicementogetherwithtwodevotingpolicedogsaresearchingforhimeverywhere.Officialssaywhoeverhelpstofindthemanistowellrewarded.Theyalsovoteforthatparentseducatetheirchildrentokeepstrangersatadistance.【答案】Aman，whohadbeenchargedwithattackattackingapolicestationwithbombs,\wasescapedfromtheprisonlastnight.Manypolicementogetherwithtwodevotingdevotedpolicedogsaresearchingforhimeverywhere.OfficialssaywhoeverhelpstofindthemanistoAbewellrewarded.Theyalsovote\forthatparentseducatetheirchildrentokeepstrangersatadistance.votetodosth•“为做某事而投票；一致认为做某事”；voteon或haveavoteon“对……进行投票表决”。devoteoneselfto(doing)sth.“献身于；致力于”；bedevotedto但oing)sth•“专心于；喜欢……”；devoted还可作“忠心的；忠诚的”解，如：adevotedfriend忠心的朋友。rewardsb.forsth.“因某事而奖励某人”；rewardsb.withsth•“奖励某人某事；用某物回报某人”。berewardedwith“获得奖励；报bechargedwithattackingapolicestation“被控告袭击警察局”。escapefrom“从逃脱”；escapesth•“避免/躲过/逃脱某事”；escapebeingdone“没有被；避免被”。另外，narrowlyescape...“侥幸逃脱/避免/躲过……”；anarrowescape“死里逃生，九死一生”。•相依为命的词搭配搭配例释、联想、拓展动介turnto求助于；致力于besentencedto被判处（徒刑）votefor投票支持……voteagainst投票反对Heiskindheartedandthoseintroubleoftenturntohimforhelp.他心地善良，有困难的人常向他求助。Whetheryouvotefororagainsttheplandoesn'tmattermuch.你是赞成还是反对这项计划都不重要。动副blowup使充气；爆炸setup设立；建立Iwonderiftheschoolcouldsetuprulesagainstsuchbehaviour.我想知道学校是否能制定规则制止这种行为。形介beequalto胜任；与相等beequalwith与……平等begenerouswith对……慷慨Anymanwillbeequaltothetask，solongasheiscareful.Youshouldgiveitatry.只要细心，任何一个人都能胜任这份工作。你应该尝试一下。动名loseheart丧失勇气或信心takepower掌权losepower下台；失去权力cometopower当权；上台beinpower执政；当权（表状态）介名inreward作为回报outofwork失业asareward（for）作为（对）报酬/奖赏introuble在危险、忧虑等的处境中beofhighquality高质量inrewardfor作为对……的报酬outofdate过时的；陈旧的outofoffic下台；在野原创晤境填空WhenIwasout1.ofwor，kIhadnoonetoturntoforhelp.Myhusbandencouragedmenevertolose(lose)heart.LateroneofhisfriendsWuDongdroppedin.Heset4.upacompanyafewyearsago，makingchildren'sclothes5.ofhighquality.Heaskedmetoworkinhiscompany，sayingthatIshouldbeequal6.tothisjob.HowgratefulIwastohim!Hewasboundtogetsomething7.inrewardforhiskindness.II.原创］语境改错Whenthenewrulercametothepower，hecarriedonahighpressurepolicy.Myunclewassentencedforthreeyearsinprisonbecausehewasvotedagainstthegovernment'spolicy.Angrysupportersofmyuncleblowupthegovernmentofficebuildingandforcedtherulertobeoutofhisoffice.【答案】Whenthenewrulercameto\thepower,hecarriedonahighpressurepolicy.Myunclewassentencedfortothreeyearsinprisonbecausehe\wasvotedagainstthegovernment'spolicy.Angrysupportersofmyuncleblowblewupthegovernmentofficebuildingandforcedtherulertobeoutof\hisoffice.句法新天地——重点句型无生命的名词作主语；抽象地点名词后接定语从句［教材原句］Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress，untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。(1)see在此处的主语为物，意为“见证；目睹”是一种拟人的用法，可使语言变得生动°see,ind等动词表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事，可以使用一个无生命的名词作主语的句式。(2)句中where引导定语从句，先行词为stage。当先行词是point，situation，stage，condition和case等表示抽象地点的名词，且引导词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句常用where来引导。Thestonebridgesawmanychangesofthiscity.这座石桥见证了这个城市的诸多变化。Theduskfoundalittlegirlcryinginthestreet.黄昏时，一个小女孩在街上哭。I'vecometothepointwhereIcan'tstandhim.我已到了无法忍受他的地步。only引导的倒装句［教材原句］...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。在英语句子中，为了表示强调，把"only+状语(副词/介词短语/从句)”置于句首，主句要用部分倒装形式，即把主句中的助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语前面。Onlyyesterdaydidhisfathertellhimthetruth，whichwasabigsurprise.直到昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他，这对他真是一个令人吃惊的消息。Onlyinthiswaycanwestudentsstudyhappilyandeffectively.我们学生只有以这种方式才能愉快、有效地学习。若only修饰主语，即使放在句首，句子也不倒装。连词thefirsttime［教材原句］IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。句中的thefirsttime用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次”ThefirsttimeIinterviewedhim，helookedabitnervous.我第一次去采访他时，他看起来有点紧张。引导时间状语从句的名词短语和连词还有：each/everytime每次……的时候nexttime下次……时anytime任何时候lasttime上次……时bythetime到……为止themoment/theminute/theinstant一……就……immediately/directly一……就……(4)forthefirsttime只用作句子的状语，不具有连词功能，不可用来引导状语从句。Each/EverytimeIseetheoldmaninthepark，heisabsorbedinreadingpapers.每次我在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地读报。ThemomentIcameintotheclassroom，Isawthesentenceontheblackboard.我一走进教室就看到了黑板上的句子。Hepaidbackthemoneyheowedusimmediatelyhereturnedhome.他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。即时演练I•［原创］语境填空Recentyears1.haveseen(see)atendencyinChinathattourismisgrowingfast.2.Sincemorepeoplearetravellingtoplacesofinterest，wesuddenlyfindourcountryinasituation3.wherewelacktopqualitytourismservices.Forexample，thefirst4.timeIwenttovisitDali，YunnanProvince，Iwasbadlytreatedinahotel.It'swidelyacceptedthat5.onlybyimprovingthequalityofservice6.canweensurethehealthydevelopmentoftourism.n.［原创］语境改错Theoldtemplehasbeenwitnessedgreatchangesofthisvillage.ThelasttimewhenIcamehere，itwasoldandshabby.Butnowitlooksmodernandtidy.Sinceitseconomyisdevelopingrapidly，thevillagersarewellpaidthaneverbefore.Manypeoplehavereachedthepointthattheyshoulddecidehowtogettheirkidswell-educated.Theyknowthatonlywhenthekidslearnmoreknowledgecanmakeagreatercontributiontotheirvillageinthefuture.【答案】Theoldtemplehas\beenwitnessedgreatchangesofthisvillage.Thelasttime'whenIcamehere，itwasoldandshabby.Butnowitlooksmodernandtidy.Sinceitseconomyisdevelopingrapidly，thevillagersarewellbetterpaidthaneverbefore.Manypeoplehavereachedthepointthatwheretheyshoulddecidehowtogettheirkidswelleducated.TheyknowthatonlywhenthekidslearnmoreknowledgecanAtheymakeagreatercontributiontotheirvillageinthefuture.冷知识详单——查缺补漏I•单句填空1．Motheroftenputsacoveroverthedishesaftermealstokeepthemfreefromdirt.2．Ourgovernmenthastakenmeasurestofightagainstpollutionforacleanenvironment.3．Idon'tbelievewhatshesaidabouttheaccidentthoughIbelieveinher.4．Itoldyourfriendhowtogettothehotel，butperhapsIshouldhavedriven(drive)herthere.H•单句改错1．Hewasgenerouswithhistime，towhichIwasgrateful.toffor2．InfactIdonotbelievefate；Ionlybelieveinbothhandstofight.fate前加in3．Hegotbadlyinjuredyesterday，buthecanhaveavoidedthat.canfcould皿•［原创］语境改错Bettywillhaveaninterviewnextweek，andshehasbeenworriedaboutitfordays.Tokeepherselffreeawayfromanxiety，sheconsultedapsychologistthisafternoon，ofwhomshewasquitefamiliar.Thepsychologistjokedthatsheshouldhavecontacthimearlier.Hesaid，“Themostvitalthingisthatyoumustbelieveyourself.Ahotbathbeforesleepmayhelptofightfornegativeemotionssu