2015年职称英语理工类直播1v1辅导1月17日

2015 英 —阅读理解精讲（理工类B级第27Drivento【分散注意力驾interstate州际公 workload工作负担，工作 n.拥 n.交替使用；交替；换 v. v.假装充上去 n.行人，步行 adj.徒步的，通俗Theemptystretchofinterstategiveswaytourbancongestion…:路体系;givewayto:让位于。OldDominionUniverssity:OldDominion 弗吉尼亚州的别称 Offset:意为“tocounterbalanceorcompensatefor”（平衡或补偿mentalworkload：精神负amapkindofdisplay:有点像地图那样的显示 。kindof:是一种非正式表达，仪式是“rather;somewhat”(相当；有一些），如：Iamkindofhot.我有点热。使Whetheranydistractionsareoffsetbythebenefitsdriversgefromhavinghelpfindingtheirway(audibleorwrittendirections)中听得到的Whichstatementistrueofthedescriptioninthefirsttwoparagraphs?IfCoynehadstoppedthecarintime,hewouldn’thavetheThewomanwouldhavebeenknockedover,ifCoynefollowedthetrafficCoyneisnotreallydrivingsoitisimpossibleforhimhavehitthewoman.Ifthewomanhadnotcrossedthestreetsuddenly,wouldnothavehitJoeCoyneslidesintothedriver’seat,startsupthecarandheadstotown.Theemptystretchofinterstategiveswaytourbancongestion,andCoynehitsthebrakesasapedestriansuddenlycrossesthestreetinfrontofhim. Butevenifhehadn’tstoppedintime,thewomanwouldhavebeensafe.Sheisn’treal.Neitheristhetown.AndCoyneisn’treallydriving.CoyneisdemonstratingacomputerizeddrivingsimulatorthatishelresearchersatOldDominion Whatdoresearcherswanttofindout,accordingtothethirdandfourthparagraphs? howlongitwilltakethedrivertorespondtoauditoryvisualHowthedriverperformundercertainmetalAlloftheTheresearcherswanttoknowifsuchsystems,whichgiveaudibleorwrittendirections,aretoodistracting—orwhetheranydistractionsareoffsetbythebenefitsdriversgetfromhavinghelpfindingtheirwayinunfamiliarlocations.“We’relookingattheperformanceandmentalworkloadofdrivers,”saidCarylBaldwin,theassistantpsychologyprofessorleadingtheresearch,whichinvolvesmeasuringdrivers’reactiontimeandbrainactivityastheyrespondtoauditoryandvisualWhatarethepreliminaryresultsgiveninthefifthDriversareafraidofgettingintochallengingdrivingInchallengingdrivingsituations,driversstillhaveextratohandleotherInchallengingdrivingsituations,driversdonothaveadditionalmentalenergytodealwith somethingelse.D.Drivers’mentalloadremainsunchangedunderdifferentTheresearchersjustcompletedastudyofthementalworkloadinvolvedindrivingthroughdifferentkindsofenvironmentsandheavyvs.lighttraffic.Preliminaryresultsshowthataspeople“getintomorechallengingdrivingsituations,theydon’thaveanyextramentalenergytorespondtosomethingelseintheenvironment,”Baldwinsaid. isdesigningavisualnavigationalinformationisdesigninganaudionavigationalinformation designinganaudio‐visualnavigationalinformationwanttodeterminethebestwaysofgivinginformationButthetradeoffscouldbeworthit,shesaid.Thisnextstepistotestdifferentwaysofgivingdriversnavigationalinformationandhowthosemethodschangethedrivers’mentalworkload.WhatkindofdirectionsdomenandwomenWomenprefermoregeneraldirectionsandmenpreferrouteMenprefermoregeneraldirectionsandwomenpreferroutedirection.routedirections，generaldirections.BothmenandwomenprefergeneralBothmenandwomenpreferroute“Isitbestiftheyseeapicture…thatshowstheirposition,amapkindofdisplay?”Baldwinsaid.“Isitbestiftheyhearit?” nowonthemarketgivepoint‐by‐pointdirectionsthatfollowaprescribedroute.“They’reveryunforgiving,”Baldwinsaid.“Ifyoumissaturn,theycanalmostseemtogetangry.”Thatstyleofdirectionsalsocanbefrustratingforpeoplewhoprefermoregeneralinstructions.Butsuchbroaddirectionscanconfusedriverswhopreferroutedirections,Baldwinsaid.Perhapsmanufacturersshouldallowdriverstochoosethestyleofdirectionstheywant,ormodifysystemstopresentsomeinformationinawaythatmakessenseforpeoplewhopreferthesurveystyle,shesaid.Interestingly,otherresearchhasshownthatabout60percentofmenpreferthesurveystyle,while60percentwomenprefertheroutestyle,Baldwinsaid.Thisexplainstheclassitlethingofwhymendon’tliketostopandaskfordirectionsandwomendo,Baldwinadded.C级第12SleepLetsBrainFile【睡眠促 归 n.纺锤 v. n adj.(耳、目、口等以外的） n.收缩 n （或好奇心 v.(使）缠结，（使） n.认知；认识的结file 归档 。file:意为“toputor 笔下哈姆雷特的独白中的名“Tosleep:perchancetodream.”改编而ThePeroceeding(科学文献、会议文献）汇编，常用复数形式thekitchen.TherumoremanatedfromtheirThe 大脑侧面脑室壁上的在泛记过程中起主要Tensofmilliseconds:数十毫 相关administer:实 MemoryKeepglucoselevelsincheck:限制葡萄糖水平Incheck控制中，被阻Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnearestinmeaningtosentence“Tosleep.PerchancetoDoesbrainarrangememoriesinusefulorderduringDoesbrainhavememorieswhenoneis DoesbrainrememberfilesafteronefallsDoesbrainworkonfilesinTosleep.Perchancetofile?FindingspublishedonlinethisweekbytheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesfurthersupportthetheorythatthebrainorganizesandstowsmemoriesformedduringthedaywhiletherestofthebodyiscatchingzzz’s.WhatistheresultoftheexperimentwithratsandmiceoutatRutgers Oscillationsinbrainwavesarefromhippocampus.C.Somatosensoryneocortexandhippocampusworktogethertin primaryroleinmemoryconsolidation.GyorgyBuzsakiofRutgersuniversityandhiscolleaguesyzedthebrainwavesofsleeratsandmice.Specifically,theyexaminedtheelectricalactivityemanatingfromthesomatosensoryneocortex(anareathatprocessessensoryinformation.andthehippocampus,whichisacenterforlearningandmemory.Thescientistsfoundthatoscillationinbrainwavesfromthetworegionsappeartobeintertwined.So‐calledsleepspindles(burstsofactivityfromtheneocortex.werefollowedtensofmillisecondslaterbybeatsinthehippocampusknownasripples.Theteampositsthatthisinterplaybetweenthetwobrainregionsisakeystepinmemory istherelationofmemorytoglucosetolerance,asindicatedbya entionedinparagraphPeoplewithpoormemoryhavehighglucosePeoplewithgoodmemoryhavelowglucoseMemorylevelhasnothingtodowithglucoseThepoorerthememory,thepoorerglucosePreviousresearchhadshownthatindividualswithdiabetessufferfromincreasedmemoryproblems.Inthenewwork,AntonioConvitofNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicineandhiscollaboratorsstudied3peoplewhoseaverageagewas69toinvestigatewhethersugarlevels,whichtendtoincreasewithage,affectmemoryinhealthypeopleaswell.Thescientistsadministeredrecalltests,brainscansandglucosetolerancetests,whieasurehowquicklysugarisabsorbedfromthebloodbythebody’stissues.Subjectswiththepoorestmemoryrecollection,theteamdiscovered,alsodisplayedthepoorestglucosetolerance.Inaddition,theirbrainscansshowedmorehippocampusshrinkagethanthoseofsubjectsbetterabletoabsorbbloodsugar.InwhatwayismemoryrelatedtohippocampusThereisnorelationbetweenmemoryandhippocampusThemorehippocampusshrinks,thepoorerone’sThemorehippocampusshrinks,thebetterone’sThelesshippocampusshrinks,thepoorerone’sPreviousresearchhadshownthatindividualswithdiabetessufferfromincreasedmemoryproblems.Inthenewwork,AntonioConvitofNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicineandhiscollaboratorsstudied3peoplewhoseaverageagewas69toinvestigatewhethersugarlevels,whichtendtoincreasewithage,affectmemoryinhealthypeopleaswell.Thescientistsadministeredrecalltests,brainscansandglucosetolerancetests,whieasurehowquicklysugarisabsorbedfromthebloodbythebody’stissues.Subjectswith