完整版2018年12月大学英语四级真题第3套

（完整word版）2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第3套）亲爱的读者：本文内容由我和我的同事精心收集整理后编辑发布到文库，发布之前我们对文中内容进行详细的校对，但难免会有错误的地方，如果有错误的地方请您评论区留言，我们予以纠正，如果本文档对您有帮助，请您下载收藏以便随时调用。下面是本文详细内容。最后最您生活愉快〜o（n_n）o〜2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第3套）PartIWritingPartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthechallengesofstudyingabroad.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)PartmReadingComprehensionPartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)PartmReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Haveyoueverusedemailtoapologizetoacolleague?Delivereda26toasubordinate(下属)withavoice-mailmessage?Flownbyplaneacrossthecountryjusttodeliverimportantnewsinperson?Thevariouscommunicationoptionsatourfingertipstodaycanbegoodfor27andproductivity---andatthesametimeverytroublesome.Withsomanywaystocommunicate,howshouldamanagerchoosetheonethat’sbest--- 28whenthemessagetobedeliveredisbadorunwelcomenewsfortherecipient?We,ve 29businesscommunicationconsultantsandetiquette(礼仪)expertstocomeupwiththefollowingguidelinesfor30usingthealterativewaysofdeliveringdifficultmessages.Firstofall,choosehowpersonalyouwanttobe.Aface-to-facecommunicationisthemost31.Otherchoices,indescendingorderofpersonalization,are:areal-timephonecall,avoice-mailmessage,a

handwrittennote,atypewrittenletter,andthemost32isemail.Someofthesemaychangeorderaccordingtothe33situationoryourownpreferences;forexample,ahandwrittennotemightseemmorepersonalthanvoicemail.Howdoyoudecideonthebestchoiceforthedifficultmessageyou,vegottodeliver?“My34concernis:HowcanIsoftenorcivilizethismessage?”saysetiquetteexpertDanaCasperson.“SowhenIapologize,Iusuallychoosein-personfirst,oraphoneconversationasmytopalternative,andmaybeahandwrittennotenext.ApologizingbyemailissomethingInowtotally35 .”I)rewardI)rewardJ)silentK)specificL)surveyedA)avoidB)convenienceC)effectivelyD)escapeE)intimateF)particularlyG)primaryH)promptM)unfriendlyN)warningO)witnessedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowaPoor,AbandonedParisianBoyBecameaTopChef?ThebusystreetsinPariswereunevenandcakedinthickmud,buttherewasalwaysabreathtakingsighttoseeintheshopwindowsofPatisseriedelaRuedelaPaix.By1814,peoplecrowdedoutsidethebakery,strainingforaglimpseofthelatestsweetfoodcreatedbytheyoungchefwhoworkedinside.HisnamewasMarie-AntoineCareme,andhehadappeared,oneday,almostoutofnowhere.Butinhisshortlifetime,whichendedexactly181yearsagotoday,hewouldforeverrevolutionizeFrenchgourmetfood(美食)writebest-sellingcookbooksandthinkupmagicaldishesforroyalsandotherimportantpeople.Careme,schildhoodwasoneparttragedy,equalpartmystery.Bornthe16thchildtopoorparentsinParisineither1783or1784,ayoungCaremewassuddenlyabandonedattheheightoftheFrenchRevolution.At8yearsold,heworkedasakitchenboyforarestaurantinParisinexchangeforroomandboard.Byage15,hehadbecomeanapprentice学徒)toSylvainBaillyawell-knowndessertchefwithasuccessfubakeryinoneofPariSsnostfashionableneighborhoods.Caremewasquickatlearninginthekitchen.Baillyencouragedhisyoungapprenticetolearntoreadandwrite.CaremewouldoftenspendhisfreeafternoonsatthenearbyNationalLibraryreadingbooksonartandarchitecturInthebackroomofthelittlebakery,hisinterestindesignandhisbakingtcombinedtoworkwondersheshapeddeliciousmasterpiecesoutofflour,butterandsugar.Inhisteenageyears,Caremefashionedeatablecopiesofthelate18thcentur’mostfamousbuildings cookiiestheshapeofruinsofancientAthensandpiesintheshapeofancientChinesepalacesandtemples.SylvainBailly,hismaster,displayedtheseluxuriantcreations oftenaslargeas4tall inhisbakerywindows.CaremecreationssooncapturedthediscriminatingyeofaFrenchdiplomat,CharlesMauricedeTalleyrandPerigordAround1804,TalleyrandchallengedCaremetoproduceafullmenuforhisPersonalcastle,instatingeyoungbakertouselocalseasonfruitsndvegetableandtoavoidrepeatingmaindishesoverthecourseofanentireyear.TheexperimentwasagrandsuccessandTalleyrarfdassociatiowithFrenchnobilitywouldproveaprofitableconnectionforCareme.FrenchEmperorNapoleonBonapartewasknowntobeunimpressedbythedeclinintastefearly18thcenturycooking,butunderpressuretoentertainParis’shighsociety,hetoocalledCaremetohiskitchenatTuileriesPalace.:1810,CaremedesignedtheextraordinaryakefortheweddingofNapoleonandhissecondbride,Marie-luiseofAustria.Hebecameoneofthefirstmoderchefstofocusontheappearanceofhistable,notjusttheflavolrofhisdishwantorderandtaste,Awell-displayedmealisenhancedonehundredpercentinmyeyes”helaterwroteinoneofhiscookbooksIn1816,Caremebeginaculir烹r饪的)journeywhichwouldforevermarkhisplaceashi’tfrsttopchef.HevoyagedtoEnglandtocookinthemodernGreatKitchenoftheprincereS®tH)GeorgeIVandcrossedcontinenttopreparegrandbanquetsforthetablesofTsarAlexanderIofRussia.Neverafraictotalkuphisownaccomplishments,boastfulCarememadeafortuneaswealthyfamilieswithsocialambitionsinvitedhimtotheirkitchens.Later,inhiscookbooks,hewouldoftenincludeasketchofhimselfsothatpeopleonthestreetwouldbeabletorecognize andadmire him.[I]Careme'scookingdisplaysbecamethesymboloffineFrenchdining;theywereplentiful,beautafulimposing.Guestswouldfallsilenonderasservants:arrie(Careme’fancycreationintothedininghallForabanquetcelebratingtheGrandDukeNicholasof’RussiattoGeorgesBrightonPaviliononJan.18,1817,themenufeatured120differentdishes,highlightineightdifferentsoups40maincourses,and32dessertsAshetravelethroughthehomesofearly19thcenturynobilit£aremeforgedthenewartofFrenchgourmetfood.Lockedinhotkitchens,aremecreatedhisfourmothersauces”Thesesauces bechamel,veloute,espagnoleandallemande formedthecentralbuildingblocksformanyFrenchmaincourses.Healsoperfectedthe--oiafbakedeggdish,andintroducedthestandardchef’suniform thsamedouble-breastewhitecoatandtallwhitehatstilWornbymanychefstoday.Thewhiteclothingconveyedanimageofcleanliness,accordingtoCareme andinhisrealm,appearancewaseverything.Betweenmeals,CaremewrotecookbooksthatwouldbeusedinEuropeankitchensforthenextcentury.HismanualsThelRdingParisianBakerandthemassivefive-volumeArtofFrenchCookingSeries(1833-1847completedafterhisdeath)firstsystematizedmanybasicprinciplesofcookingcompletewithdrawingsandstep-by-stepirectionsjongbeforetelevisioncookingshows,Caremewalkedreadersthroughcommonkitchentasks,instructingthem“trythisforyourstelhom”asfamousAmericanChefJulliaChildmightdo,manyyearslater,Intheend,however,itwasthekitchenthatdidCaremein.Decadesofworkingovercoalfiresintight,closedspaceswithlittlefreshair(toensudisheswouldnotgetcold)hadfatallyamagedhislungs.OnJan.12,1833,Caremediedjustbeforeheturned50.Butinhislifetim£areme,everconfidentpouldseebeyondhisshortdominationinthekitchen.Hewantedto“stthestandardforbeautyinclassicalandmoderncooking,parnodvetothedistantfuturethattheFrenchchefsofthe19thcenturywerethemostfamousinthews)rM,wroinhispapersCaremewasamongthefirschefswhostresseboththeappearanceandflavorofdishes.CaremewantedtoshowtolatergenerationsthatFrenchchefsofhistimeweremostoutstandingintheworld.CaremebenefitedgreatlyfromservingaFrenchdiplomatandhisconnections.CaremelearnedhistradefromafamousdessertchefinParis.Careme'screativeworkswereexhibitecintheshopwindowsbyhismaster..Careme'sknowledgeofartandarchitecturhelpedhimcreateextraordinarydessertsoutofordinaryingredient.ManypeopleinPariswereeagertohavealookatthelatestweetfoodmadebyCareme.Caremebecomeextremelywealthybycookingforrichandsociallyambitiousfamilies.Carene'swritingdealtwithfundamentalcookingprinciplesinasystematicway.Careme'scontributiontoFrenchcookingwasrevolutionarySectionCDirectionsThereare2passagesinthissection.EachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatementsForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Roughlythesizeofasodacansittingonabookshelf,arelativelyharmlegadgetmaybeturningfriendsiwayfromyourhome.TheelephantinyourlivingroomisyourInternet-connectedcuritcamera,adevicepeopleareincreasingliysingforpeaceofmindintheiihomes.Butfewstoptothinkabouttheeffectthesedevicesmayhaveonhouseguests.ShouldyoutellyourfriendsforinstancethattheWrebeingrecordedwhileyouallwatchthebiggametogether?Itscertainlynewterritory,especiallyashomesecuritycamerasbecomeeasiertoinstall,saysLizziePost,presidentftheEmilyPostInstitute,America'sforemostmannersadvisolsthinkitwillbeveryinterestingtoseewhatetiquett礼仪)emergesintermsofwhetheryoutellpeopleyouhaveacameraornot,andwhetherguestshavearighttoaskthatitbeturnedoff,inotasecurityi”sue.Postwantstomakeclearthatshesnottalkingaboutlegalrights,butratpersonalpreferences.Shealsowantstoexplainthattherearenorightorwroanswersregardingmannersonthisfrontyet,becausethetechnologyisjustnowbecomingmainstream.Besides,theEmilyPostInstitutdoesn'tdictatemanners.Whenitcomestosecuritycameras,Posfssayho’tresponsibilitytomakesureguestsfeelcomfortablewithintheirhome.I'malwaysafanofbeingopenandhonestyForinstanceifthehostcasuallyicknowledgesthatthereisacameraintheroombytellingastoryaboutit,thatmaybeenoughprovideanopeningforaguesttosayiftheyareuncomfortable.However,ifacontractorisworkinginyourhomejlycmeedbrtotellthemthattherearecameraswatching.Thenagain,theairofaccountabilityththecamerageneratescanalsoworkincontfactr“fanythingdoesgowrongwhileth'yeinthehouse,theytdanttobeblamedf3ishet,says.Infact,thecameracouldbethethingthatprovesthasttetUeythii(i|r20,orknockthevaseoffthe”table.Forwhatreasonmayyourfriendsfeelreluctanttovisityourhome?Thesecuritycamerainstalledmayintrudeintotheirprivacy.Theydon,twanttheirphotostobecirculatedontheInternet.Thesecuritycameramayturnouttobeharmfultotheirhealth.TheymaynotbewillingtointeractwithyourfamilymembersWhatdoesLizziePostsayisnewterritory?TheeffectofmannersadviceCostofapplyingnewtechnologiesathomeTheincreasinguseofhomesecuritydevicesEtiquettearoundhomesecuritycameras.WhatisLizziePostmainlydiscussingwithregardtotheuseofhomesecuritycameras?LegalrightsMoralissuesLikesanddislikesofindividuals.Thepossibleimpactonmanners.Whatisahost,sresponsibilityregardingsecuritycameras,accordingtoLizziePost?MakingtheirguestsfeelateaseIndicatingwheretheyareTurningthemoffintime.Ensuringtheirguests,privacy.Inwhatwaycanthehomesecuritycamerabenefitvisitorstoyourhome?Itcansatisfytheircuriosity.Itcanprovetheirinnocence.Itcanhelpthemlearnnewtechnology.Itcanmaketheirvisitmoreenjoyable.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.PepsiCoistospendbillionsofdollarstodevelopdrinksandsnacksandreformulateexistingoneswithlowersugar,saltandfat,asconsumersdemandhealthieroptionsandregulatorypressureintensifiesamidanobesityepidemic(流行病).ThemakerofMountainDewandGatoradehasbeenoneoftheearliermoversintheindustrytoofferproductswithreducedlevelsofunhealthyingredients---PepsiCoclaimsapacketofitschipsnowcontainslesssaltthanasliceofwhitebread.However,itsnew10-yearplanmakesclearitbelievesitstillhasalongwaytogo.Shiftingeatinghabits,includingasharpdropinconsumptionofsparklingdrinks,haveforcedradicalchangeontheindustry.Butthoseshiftshaveyettobereflectedinrecordobesitylevels,whichstandat36.5%overallintheUS.IndraNooyi,PepsiCochairman,saidtheplantomakeitsproductshealthierwasimportantforthecompany’sgrowth.Butonthesubjectofobesity,shepointedoutthatconsumers,lifestyleshavechangedsignificantly,withmanypeoplebeingmoresedentary(久坐不动的)notleastbecausemoretimeisspentinfrontofcomputers.ShesaidPepsiCo,scontributionwastoproducehealthiersnacksthatstilltastedgood.Societyhastochangeitshabits,sheadded."Wecan,tdomuchtoaltersedentarylifestyles,butwecanprovideconsumerswithgreat-tastingproducts,lowinsalt,sugarandfat.Inthepastwehadtohaveatastetrade-off.Butwerebreakingthattrade-off.”PepsiCo,splanforitsfoodsanddrinksisbasedonguidelinesfromtheWorldHealthOrganization,whichlastweekbackedusingtaxesonsparklingdrinkstoreducesugarconsumption.Initiativesalsoincludeeffortstoreduceitsenvironmentalimpact,waterconsumptionandmaterialsusedinpackagingby2025.PepsiCodidnotsayexactlyhowmuchitplannedtoinvesttoreachitsgoals.However,Dr.MehmoodKhan,chiefscientificofficer,saidthecompanyhaddoubledresearchanddevelopmentspendinginthepastfiveyearsandwas“committedtosustaininginvestment”,addingthatcompaniescannotcost-cuttheirwaytoincreasingsales.PepsiCo,sresearchanddevelopmentbudgetin2015was$754million.WhyisPepsiComakingapolicychange?Towinsupportfromthefederalgovernment.TobemorecompetitiveintheglobalmarketTosatisfythegrowingneedsforhealthyfoodsToinvestmorewiselyinthesoftdrinkindustry.WhatdoesPepsiCothinkitwillhavetodointhefuture?InvestmoretodevelopnewsnacksReducelevelsofobesityintheUS.Changeconsumers,eatinghabitsKeeponimprovingitsproducts.WhydoesPepsiCoplantoalteritsproducts,accordingtoIndraNooyi?Toensurethecompany,sfuturedevelopmentToadapttoitscustomers,changedtasteTohelpimproveitsco