高二虚拟语气用法讲解课件

条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句

和虚拟条件句

两种。a.真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。b.虚拟条件句

表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。SubjunctiveMood条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。a.1

一、用法归纳:虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法主从句构成时态虚拟条件从句(if…)主句与现在事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设If+主语+did(be用were)主语+would/should/could/might+do

If+主语+haddone主语+would/should/could/mighthavedone

一、用法归纳:虚拟语气在条件2主从句构成虚拟条件从句(if…)主句与将来情况相反的假设①If+主语+did②If+主语+weretodo③If+主语+

shoulddo主语+would/should/could/mightdo时态主从构虚拟条件从句(if…)主句与将来3二虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用1）与现在事实相反从句谓语：主句谓语：IfIwereyou,Iwouldgothere.过去时would,should,could,might+动词原形注意：在虚拟语气中，只能用were，不能用was.IfI

had

alotofmoneyI

would

buyavilla二虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用1）与现在事4三与将来事实相反从句谓语：主句谓语：IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Ishouldgotoseeafilm.IfheshouldhavetimenextSunday,hewouldgotovisittheGreatWall.IfIweretobetwentynextyear,Icouldtakethecourse.1）过去时would,should,could,might+动词原形2）should+动词原形3)wereto+动词原形三与将来事实5四与过去事实相反从句谓语：主句谓语：Ifhehadcomeearlier,hewouldhaveseenher.had+动词的过去分词would,should,could,might+have+动词的过去分词Ifhehaddrivenmorecarefully,hewouldnothavehadthecaraccidentyesterday四与过去事实相反h6HadIhadtime,Iwouldhavegonetoseethefilm.=IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhavegonetoseethefilm.五在虚拟语气的条件从句中，可以省略if，但要把状语从句变成一般疑问句语序。____today,hewouldgetthereonFriday.Washeleaving B.IfheleavesC.Werehetoleave D.IfheisleavingCHadIhadtime,Iwouldhaveg7六有时虚拟语气的条件从句不用if引导，而用butfor,without,ifonly,otherwise等词。Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogressinEnglish.

Withoutair,wecouldn’tlive.3)Ifonlytheweatherwerefine.4)Ihadbeentherebytaxi,otherwiseIwouldhavemissedthetrain.以butfor,without开头的句子，谓语动词的形式和if的主句的一致。主、从句的谓语动词的形式都和if从句相一致。以Ifonly开头的句子，谓语动词的形式和if从句的一致。六有时虚拟语气的条件从句不用if引导，而用butfor,8七有时虚拟条件从句与主句的时间不一致，出现混合虚拟语气结构。Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbewell.IfIwereyouIwouldnothavegonetoseethefilmyesterday.在混合虚拟语气结构中，从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作的时间不一致，这时主、从句谓语动词的形式要根据它们发生的时间进行调整。七有时虚拟条件从句与主句的时间不一致，出现混合虚拟语气结9ShetalkedaboutAmericaasifhehadbeenbornthere.Hesings

asthoughhewereasinger.八、由asif或asthough引导的状语从句，其谓语动词用过去式或had+动词的过去分词。1)Heappearsasthoughhe____anItalian.A.were B.was C.hasbeen D.be2)Itseemsasifhe____thereyesterday.A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeenADShetalkedaboutAmericaasif10九、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用(1）*wish+宾语从句IwishIwereadoctor.IwishIshouldgoabroadnextyear.3)IwishIhadseenthefootballmatch.与现在事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去时。与将来事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用should,would,could,might+动词原形。与过去事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。九、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用(1）*wish+宾语从11(2)*suggest等+宾语从句。这类动词有：order,insist,demand,desire,command,propose,request等。Theteachersuggestedthatoursportsmeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.Theheadmasterorderedthatallofthestudents(should)behereontime.Heinsistedthatwe(should)attendthemeeting.在宾语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可省略。(2)*suggest等+宾语从句。这类动词有：or12在

command,order,require,demand,request,insist,propose,suggest等动词后面的宾语从句，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用(should)+动词原形Wesuggestthatwe(should)haveameeting.Weinsistedthatthey(should)gowithus.记住：insist/suggest各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即should+do;Insist表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。Suggest表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。Suggest表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。

在command,order,require,de13注意：insist,suggest后接的宾语从句不用虚拟语气的情况。sheinsistedthatshewasright.2)Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasunhappy.当insist的意思是坚持某人自己的观点时，后接的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。当suggest的意思是暗示、表明时，后接的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。注意：insist,suggest后接的宾语从句不用虚拟语14Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)visitthefarm.Hisideaisthatthestudents(should)makeaplan.(3）*句中有suggestion,plan,idea,order,requirement,motion,recommendation,proposal等名词，其后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。Mysuggestionisthatyou(sho15虚拟语气用于表语从句，同位语从句中。名词advice,order,demand,proposal,command,requirement,insistence,suggestion,request等的表语从句和同位语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的构成是(should)+动词原形Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforoursummervocation.虚拟语气用于表语从句，同位语从句中。16(4）*记住下面几个句型：

natural/important/necessary/impossiblesurprising/strange/funny/essentialItis+that

requested/suggested/desired/proposedapity/amatterofregret/ashame/nowonder从句的谓语动词用(should)+动词原形(4）*记住下面几个句型：natural/i17在主语从句中，谓语动词可以用虚拟语气表示惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此等主观的情感,其谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。1.Itisimportantthatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.(necessary,natural,strange,etc.)2.Itisapitythatyou(should)besocareless.(a

shame,nowonder,etc.)3.ItissuggestedthatMissLiu(should)giveaperformanceattheparty.(decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc)在主语从句中，谓语动词可以用虚拟语气表示惊奇，不相信，惋惜，182.It’stimethatwehad(或shouldhave)aclass.在It’sabout/hightimethat句型中，从句的谓语动词用过去时或shoulddosth.3.Iwouldratheryoufinishedtheworktoday.Iwouldratheryoufinishedtheworktomorrow.I’dratheryouhad

finishedtheworkyesterday.在wouldrather句型中，与过去事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时；与现在、将来事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去时。2.It’stimethatwehad(或shou191.错综时间条件句Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youwouldn’tbeinsuchtroublenow.Ifthedoctorhadcomeintime,Amywouldstillbealive.Ifhehadreceivedsixmorevotes,hewouldbeourchairmannow.十几种特殊情况1.错综时间条件句Ifyouhadlistened20十一If可能被省略,从句要倒装Weresheincharge(=Ifshewereincharge),shewoulddothingsdifferently.HadIknownyouraddress(=IfIhadknownyouraddress),Iwouldhavewrittenbefore.Shouldyouchangeyourmind(=Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind),noonewouldblameyou.十一If可能被省略,从句要倒装Wereshein21十二不含条件从句,但有条件假设意义Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thaveachievedallthis.(Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp)2.Butforhispension,hewouldstarve.(Ifitwerenotforhispension)十二不含条件从句,但有条件假设意义Withoutyo22十三Ifonly意为：若是...那该多好啊;真希望...;只要,只要...就好IfonlyIhadarrivedintime!Ifonlyshedidn’tdrivesofast.IfonlyIwereabird.IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice十三Ifonly意为：若是...那该多好啊;真希望23十四由sothat,inorderthat引导的目的状语从句中用虚拟语气,其谓语形式为may(might),can(could)+动词原形.SpeakloudersothatIcanhearyou.Hegotupmuchearlierthismorninginorderthathemightcatchthefirstbustothecity.IwenttothecinemaearlysothatIcouldfindagoodseat.十四由sothat,inorderthat引导24

虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。

SubjunctiveMood①

IwishpeoplewouldfindoutaboutthefactsandnotactasifIwereabadordangerousperson.②IfIwereyou,IwouldgiveanAIDSpatientahug.

成都七中2012级直播班语法课件虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设25条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。虚拟语气常见用法

Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifitrains.Fact!Theweathermanforecastednorainfortomorrow;but

ifitshouldrain

tomorrow,they

wouldn’tgo

foranouting.条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真26二虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：1.非真实条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气,也称为混合虚拟。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。如果你开车时不是太快，现在你就不会在医院了。

Ifyouhadn’tdriventoofast,youwouldn’tbeinhospitalnow.二虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：1.非真实条件从句谓语动词272.假设条件虚拟倒装。

条件从句中有should，were，had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.Ifyouhadn’tbrokentherule,youwouldn’tbeintroublesnow.Hadyounotbrokentherule,youwouldn’tbeintroublenow.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,whatshouldwedo?Shoulditraintomorrow,whatshouldwedo?2.假设条件虚拟倒装。283.虚拟语气的特殊句型：现在：过去：未来：did（were）haddonewould/could/might+v.shouldIwishIwereabirdnow.（现在）IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistakeyesterday.（过去）Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishuslater.（将来）wishwish的宾语从句asif/though+Clause(表语，状语)

现在：过去：将来：didhaddonewould/could/might+v.3.虚拟语气的特殊句型：现在：did（were）had294.without和butfor构成虚拟条件,“要不是”Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyouadvice,Iwouldn’thavefinishedtheworkontime.=IfIhadn’tacceptedyouradvice,…=Iftherewerenosunlight,…使用(should)do句型1)一个“坚持”：insist;两个“命令”：order,command;三个“建议”：suggest,recommend,propose;四个“要求”：request,require,demand,desire4.without和butfor构成虚拟30条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句

和虚拟条件句

两种。a.真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。b.虚拟条件句

表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。SubjunctiveMood条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。a.31

一、用法归纳:虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法主从句构成时态虚拟条件从句(if…)主句与现在事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设If+主语+did(be用were)主语+would/should/could/might+do

If+主语+haddone主语+would/should/could/mighthavedone

一、用法归纳:虚拟语气在条件32主从句构成虚拟条件从句(if…)主句与将来情况相反的假设①If+主语+did②If+主语+weretodo③If+主语+

shoulddo主语+would/should/could/mightdo时态主从构虚拟条件从句(if…)主句与将来33二虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用1）与现在事实相反从句谓语：主句谓语：IfIwereyou,Iwouldgothere.过去时would,should,could,might+动词原形注意：在虚拟语气中，只能用were，不能用was.IfI

had

alotofmoneyI

would

buyavilla二虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用1）与现在事34三与将来事实相反从句谓语：主句谓语：IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Ishouldgotoseeafilm.IfheshouldhavetimenextSunday,hewouldgotovisittheGreatWall.IfIweretobetwentynextyear,Icouldtakethecourse.1）过去时would,should,could,might+动词原形2）should+动词原形3)wereto+动词原形三与将来事实35四与过去事实相反从句谓语：主句谓语：Ifhehadcomeearlier,hewouldhaveseenher.had+动词的过去分词would,should,could,might+have+动词的过去分词Ifhehaddrivenmorecarefully,hewouldnothavehadthecaraccidentyesterday四与过去事实相反h36HadIhadtime,Iwouldhavegonetoseethefilm.=IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhavegonetoseethefilm.五在虚拟语气的条件从句中，可以省略if，但要把状语从句变成一般疑问句语序。____today,hewouldgetthereonFriday.Washeleaving B.IfheleavesC.Werehetoleave D.IfheisleavingCHadIhadtime,Iwouldhaveg37六有时虚拟语气的条件从句不用if引导，而用butfor,without,ifonly,otherwise等词。Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogressinEnglish.

Withoutair,wecouldn’tlive.3)Ifonlytheweatherwerefine.4)Ihadbeentherebytaxi,otherwiseIwouldhavemissedthetrain.以butfor,without开头的句子，谓语动词的形式和if的主句的一致。主、从句的谓语动词的形式都和if从句相一致。以Ifonly开头的句子，谓语动词的形式和if从句的一致。六有时虚拟语气的条件从句不用if引导，而用butfor,38七有时虚拟条件从句与主句的时间不一致，出现混合虚拟语气结构。Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbewell.IfIwereyouIwouldnothavegonetoseethefilmyesterday.在混合虚拟语气结构中，从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作的时间不一致，这时主、从句谓语动词的形式要根据它们发生的时间进行调整。七有时虚拟条件从句与主句的时间不一致，出现混合虚拟语气结39ShetalkedaboutAmericaasifhehadbeenbornthere.Hesings

asthoughhewereasinger.八、由asif或asthough引导的状语从句，其谓语动词用过去式或had+动词的过去分词。1)Heappearsasthoughhe____anItalian.A.were B.was C.hasbeen D.be2)Itseemsasifhe____thereyesterday.A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeenADShetalkedaboutAmericaasif40九、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用(1）*wish+宾语从句IwishIwereadoctor.IwishIshouldgoabroadnextyear.3)IwishIhadseenthefootballmatch.与现在事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去时。与将来事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用should,would,could,might+动词原形。与过去事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。九、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用(1）*wish+宾语从41(2)*suggest等+宾语从句。这类动词有：order,insist,demand,desire,command,propose,request等。Theteachersuggestedthatoursportsmeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.Theheadmasterorderedthatallofthestudents(should)behereontime.Heinsistedthatwe(should)attendthemeeting.在宾语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可省略。(2)*suggest等+宾语从句。这类动词有：or42在

command,order,require,demand,request,insist,propose,suggest等动词后面的宾语从句，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用(should)+动词原形Wesuggestthatwe(should)haveameeting.Weinsistedthatthey(should)gowithus.记住：insist/suggest各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即should+do;Insist表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。Suggest表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。Suggest表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。

在command,order,require,de43注意：insist,suggest后接的宾语从句不用虚拟语气的情况。sheinsistedthatshewasright.2)Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasunhappy.当insist的意思是坚持某人自己的观点时，后接的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。当suggest的意思是暗示、表明时，后接的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。注意：insist,suggest后接的宾语从句不用虚拟语44Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)visitthefarm.Hisideaisthatthestudents(should)makeaplan.(3）*句中有suggestion,plan,idea,order,requirement,motion,recommendation,proposal等名词，其后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。Mysuggestionisthatyou(sho45虚拟语气用于表语从句，同位语从句中。名词advice,order,demand,proposal,command,requirement,insistence,suggestion,request等的表语从句和同位语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的构成是(should)+动词原形Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforoursummervocation.虚拟语气用于表语从句，同位语从句中。46(4）*记住下面几个句型：

natural/important/necessary/impossiblesurprising/strange/funny/essentialItis+that

requested/suggested/desired/proposedapity/amatterofregret/ashame/nowonder从句的谓语动词用(should)+动词原形(4）*记住下面几个句型：natural/i47在主语从句中，谓语动词可以用虚拟语气表示惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此等主观的情感,其谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。1.Itisimportantthatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.(necessary,natural,strange,etc.)2.Itisapitythatyou(should)besocareless.(a

shame,nowonder,etc.)3.ItissuggestedthatMissLiu(should)giveaperformanceattheparty.(decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc)在主语从句中，谓语动词可以用虚拟语气表示惊奇，不相信，惋惜，482.It’stimethatwehad(或shouldhave)aclass.在It’sabout/hightimethat句型中，从句的谓语动词用过去时或shoulddosth.3.Iwouldratheryoufinishedtheworktoday.Iwouldratheryoufinishedtheworktomorrow.I’dratheryouhad

finishedtheworkyesterday.在wouldrather句型中，与过去事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时；与现在、将来事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去时。2.It’stimethatwehad(或shou491.错综时间条件句Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youwouldn’tbeinsuchtroublenow.Ifthedoctorhadcomeintime,Amywouldstillbealive.Ifhehadreceivedsixmorevotes,hewouldbeourchairmannow.十几种特殊情况1.错综时间条件句Ifyouhadlistened50十一If可能被省略,从句要倒装Weresheincharge(=Ifshewereincharge),shewoulddothingsdifferently.HadIknownyouraddress(=IfIhadknownyouraddress),Iwouldhavewrittenbefore.Shouldyouchangeyourmind(=Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind),noonewouldblameyou.十一If可能被省略,从句要倒装Wereshein51十二不含条件从句,但有条件假设意义Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thaveachievedallthis.(Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp)2.Butforhispension,hewouldstarve.(Ifitwerenotforhispension)十二不含条件从句,但有条件假设意义Withoutyo52十三Ifonly意为：若是...那该多好啊;真希望...;只要,只要...就好IfonlyIhadarrivedintime!Ifonlyshedidn’tdrivesofast.IfonlyIwereabird.IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice十三Ifonly意为：若是...那该多好啊;真希望53十四由sothat,inorderthat引导的目的状语从句中用虚拟语气,其谓语形式为may(might),can(could)+动词原形.SpeakloudersothatIcanhearyou.Hegotupmuchearlierthismorninginorderthathemightcatchthefirstbustothecity.IwenttothecinemaearlysothatIcouldfindagoodseat.十四由sothat,inorderthat引导54

虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。

SubjunctiveMood①

Iwishpeoplewouldfindoutaboutthefactsandnotac