2020届 二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之八：定语从句

2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之八：定语从句明备考方向语法填空常考点短文改错常考点写作常用句式1•关系代词1•引导非限制性定语从句1.Asweallknow•••/Aswho,该用which而误用其他关isknowntoall...whom,系词（如that）;“众所周知……”whose,2•关系代词who,whom,2.such...as...which,whose,which,that的缺“像……这样的……”that,as的失；3.thesame...as.../the用法；3•关系代词who,whomsameas...2•关系副词的错用；“像……一样的”

where,when,why的用法；3.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。4•先行词是人或物时，关系代词who,which的错用；5•关系代词as的错用；6•关系副词和关系代词的误用；7•人称代词与关系代词的误用。4.oneofthe+复数名词+定语从句中的一个”theonlyoneofthe+复数名词+定语从句“……中唯一的一个”由which引导的非限制性定语从句。...,which...（which代替上文整句话，译为“这一点”）攻重点难点分清句子成分，巧辨定语从句中抽象或具体（人与物）（一）寻找先行词，辨别人与物先行词指人时常用who,whom,that;指物时常用that,which。I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwho/whom/thatImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的同校同学成了好朋友。Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能是伟大发明的灵感。（二）判断所缺成分，选择关系词当定语从句部分缺少主语、宾语、定语时，要想到分别采用who（指人），whom（指人），that（指人或物），which（指物），whose（指人或物）；当定语从句部分缺少时间状语、地点状语、原因状语时，要想到分别采用when,where,why。（2018•6月浙江高考）ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.许多来到中国的西方人一旦意识到在外面吃饭是多么的便宜，他们做饭的时间就会大大少于在他们自己国家的次数。Theannualcampusbookfairaimstoprovideaplatformwherestudentscanhaveachancetoexchangeandmakeuseoftheirbooks.每年一度的校园书展目的是提供一个平台，在这个平台里学生有机会交换利用他们的书籍。Thereasonwhymostpeopleliketravelingisthattheycanfeelthebeautyofthenatureandbreathethefreshairatthesametime.许多人喜欢旅游是因为他们可以感受大自然的美景，同时也可以呼吸新鲜的空气。Ourschoolwillholdanactivitywhosethemeis“ForeignersTellChineseStories”nextweek.下周，我们学校将举办主题为“外国人讲中国故事”的一项活动。识别特殊定语从句，分清限制性、非限制性定语从句1•先行词those后常用who引导定语从句。Sheiswarmhearted,soitisnosurprise/wonderthatshealwayshelpsthosewhoareintrouble.她是一个热心肠的人，因此她经常帮助那些处于困境中的人们就不足为奇了。as引导非限制性定语从句。as“正如，正像”既可位于句首也可位于句末⑴Astheoldsayinggoes,...常言道，……Asweallknow,.../Asisknowntousall...众所周知，……Asisoftenthecase...是常有的事是常有的事Justasthesayinggoes，“Onetreedoesn'tmakeaforest”.正如谚语所言：“独木难成林。”3．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，如果先行词指人，用whom指代人且不能省略，指物用which且不能省略。Manytraditionalartsarelosingnowadays,someowhicharebeingreplacedbymodernproducts.如今许多传统艺术正在消失，其中一些正被现代产品所取代。•非限制性定语从句，指人时用who,指物时用which；牢记that不能用于非限制性定语从句。Theboywasawayfromhomeforaweek,whichworriedhisparentsverymuch.这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。•定语从句中用that不用which的情况：当先行词是all,any,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词或被它们修饰时。当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。⑶当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。当先行词既有人又有物时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。ThisistheverybookthatIwanttoread.这正是我想读的书。练高频题点I•语法填空题点全练・（2019•全国卷H）NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，whichsheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.・（2018•全国卷I）Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014that/whichshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.（2019•江苏高考改编）Wehaveenteredintoanagewhendreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.（2018•天津高考改编）Kate,whosesisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.5・（2018•江苏高考改编）SelfdrivingisanareawhereChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.（2019•天津高考改编）Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.（2019・山西五地市高三联考）AmongthemisonecommunityinFloridawherelocalpeopleandgovernmentofficialsareprovingsuccessfulinprotectingcoastalcitiesfromthedangersofrisingsealevels.（2019•青岛质量检测）Therearemanyreasonswhycollegeanduniversitystudentsoftenfailtogetafullnight'sofsleep.（2019•临川一中等九校联考）Meanwhile,ChinawillhostthesecondBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationinApril.Atthisevent,theBeltandRoadInitiative,whichhashugepotentialtodriveeconomicgrowth,willtakegreatershape.n•短文改错题点全练1・（2019•全国卷I）Ibecameinterestedinplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.wherefwhen2・（2019•全国卷皿）Inthecafe,customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatiscreatedforthem.whatfthat/which（2018•全国卷I）Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellingthefish.whichfwhere或which前力口in（2017•全国卷H）Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.that—which（2017•全国卷皿）Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.they—that/which（2019•临川一中等九校联考）We'llclimbHuangshanMountaininthemorning,onwhichtopwe'llhaveapicnicatthenoon.which—whose7.（2019•甘肃第一次诊断）What'smore,thiseventcanattractmorevisitorstoourcity,wherewillimproveourtourism.where—which8.Thenumberofsmokers,whichisreported,hasdroppedby17%injustoneyear.which—as［课堂应用体验］［课堂应用体验］I•完成句子并改写成定语从句1．你可以寻找和你有相同兴趣的人，你可能会和他们相处得很好。Youcanlookforpeoplewiththesameinterestasyou.Youare_likely_to_get_along_withthem.fYoucanlookforpeoplewiththesameinterestasyou,who/whom_you_are_likely_to_get_along_with．2．第二，你会交到一些好朋友，他们也很喜欢打乒乓球Secondly,you'llmakesomegoodfriendsandthey_are_also_interested_in_playing_tabletennis．fSecondly,you'llmakesomegoodfriendsthat/who_are_also_interested_in_playing_table_tennis．3．这幅照片为我们展示了一个动人的时刻，在这一刻，一个小女孩来问候正在工作中的妈妈。Thepictureshowsusatouchingmomentwhen_a_little_girl_comes_to_greet_her_working_mom．fThepictureshowsusatouchingmomentat_which_a_little_girl_comes_to_greet_her_working_mom・佣“介词+关系代词”改写）4．人们也可以选择在一个团队中工作，在团队中他们可以向彼此学习。Peoplemayalsochoosetoworkinateam,where_they_can_learn_from_each_other・fPeoplemayalsochoosetoworkinateam,in_which_they_can_learn_from_each__other.佣“介词+关系代词”改写）5・与动物照相对它们有坏的影响，这种行为打扰它们的休息。Takingpictureswithanimalshasabadeffectontheanimals.It_greatly_disturbs_their__rest・fTakingpictureswithanimalshasabadeffectontheanimals,which_greatly_disturbs__their_rest・(用定语从句改写)H•语法填空(2019•黑龙江省六校协作体一模)Ifyouaremakingrepairsonyourhome,youcouldtaketheopportunitytoaddsomeenergysaving__1__(measure)atthesametime.Thisisoftenthebestway__2—(save)energyinacosteffectiveway.Youneedtolookatthebuilding__3__awholetomakethemostsuitableimprovements,takingaccountofthefollowing：Thefirststepistoassesswhereandhowenergy__4__(consume)currentlyinthebuilding,includinghowandwhenroomsareheated.Nextisyourhome'sconstructionandcondition.It'simportanttofixanything__5__mightaffectyourhome'sheatingperformance,suchasbadlyfittingwindowsordampwalls.Lastly,understanding__6__(exact)whatissignificantaboutthecharacterofanolderbuildingisakeyto__7__(improve)itsenergyefficiency.Speaktoyourlocalauthorityconservationofficerwhenmakingchangestoabuildinginaconservationarea.Followingthesesteps__8__(assist)youinassessingwhatworkmightbeneededin__9__shortorlongterm,allowingyoutofocusonthoseareasthatneedthemostattentionandwillgivea__10__(reason)return.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了如何改造旧房子以节省能源。1・measures考查名词的单复数。根据句中的“some”和下文介绍的多种措施以及“measure”为可数名词可知，此处用measure的复数形式。2・tosave考查非谓语动词。way后的定语有三种形式:todo,ofdoing和定语从句。根据做题要求可知，此处可用不定式结构作后置定语。3・as考查介词。此处表示把建筑作为一个整体看待，故用介词as“作为”构成固定搭配asawhole“作为一个整体”。4・isconsumed/isbeingconsumed考查时态和语态。根据语境和下文的“currently”“includinghowandwhenroomsareheated”可知此处可用一般现在时，也可以用现在进行时；此外，consume“消耗”与主语energy是被动关系，因此用被动语态。5・that考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，从句修饰不定代词anything,且空处在从句中作主语，故只能用that。6・exactly考查副词。空处修饰作主语的动名词understanding,应该用exact的副词形式exactly“准确地，确切地”。7・improving考查非谓语动词。本空解题关键在于对空前的to的理解，如果考生知道名词key“关键”与介词to搭配，那么就知道本题应填improving。反之，考生如果误以为to是不定式符号，就会误填improve。8．willassist考查时态。分析句子结构可知，该空的谓语和“willgive”为“and”连